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2 - Psychosis and Schizophrenia and Antipsychotics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2021

Stephen M. Stahl
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego
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Stahl's Self-Assessment Examination in Psychiatry
Multiple Choice Questions for Clinicians
, pp. 33 - 88
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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References

References

Stahl, SM. Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology, fourth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2013. (Chapter 4)1Google Scholar
Stahl, SM, Buckley, PF. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia: a problem that will not go away. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2007;15:411.2CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Insel, TR. Rethinking schizophrenia. Nature 2010;468:187–93.1Google Scholar
McGorry, PD, Yung, AR, Bechdolf, A, Amminger, P. Back to the future: predicting and reshaping the course of psychotic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008;65:25–7.2Google Scholar
Neuroscience Education Institute. Why Don’t Dopamine 2 Antagonists Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia? Part 1: NMDA Receptors and The Proposed Origins of Schizophrenia [Animation]. 2015.3Google Scholar

References

Stahl, SM. Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology, fourth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2013. (Chapter 4)1Google Scholar
Stahl, SM, Mignon, L. Stahl’s illustrated antipsychotics, second edition. Carlsbad, CA: NEI Press; 2009. (Chapter 1)2Google Scholar

References

Neuroscience Education Institute. Why Don’t Dopamine 2 Antagonists Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia? Part 1: NMDA Receptors and The Proposed Origins of Schizophrenia [Animation]. 2015.1Google Scholar
Neuroscience Education Institute. Why Don’t Dopamine 2 Antagonists Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia? Part 2: The Hypothetical Roles of Glutamate and GABA [Animation]. 2015.2Google Scholar
Stahl, SM. Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology, fourth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2013. (Chapter 4, pp. 107114, 122)3Google Scholar

References

Stahl, SM. Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology, fourth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2013. (Chapter 5)1Google Scholar
Stahl, SM. Essential psychopharmacology, the prescriber’s guide, sixth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2017.2Google Scholar

References

Stahl, SM. Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology, fourth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2013. (Chapter 5)1Google Scholar
Stahl, SM. Essential psychopharmacology, the prescriber’s guide, sixth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2017.2Google Scholar

References

Roth, BL. Ki determinations, receptor binding profiles, agonist and/or antagonist functional data, HERG data, MDR1 data, etc. as appropriate was generously provided by the National Institute of Mental Health’s Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Contract # HHSN-271–2008-00025-C (NIMH PDSP). The NIMH PDSP is directed by Bryan L. Roth MD, PhD at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Project Officer Jamie Driscol at NIMH, Bethesda MD, USA. For experimental details please refer to the PDSP website http://pdsp.med.unc.edu.1Google Scholar
Stahl, SM. Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology, fourth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2013.2Google Scholar

References

Stahl, SM. Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology, fourth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2013. (Chapter 5)1Google Scholar
Stahl, SM, Mignon, L. Stahl’s illustrated antipsychotics, second edition. Carlsbad, CA: NEI Press; 2009. (Chapter 2)2Google Scholar

References

Stahl, SM. Mechanism of action of brexpiprazole: comparison with aripiprazole. CNS Spectr 2016;21:16.1Google Scholar
Stahl, SM. Mechanism of action of cariprazine. CNS Spectr 2016;21: 123–7.2Google Scholar

References

Lohr, JB, Eidt, CA, Abdulrazzaq Alfaraj, A, Soliman, MA. The clinical challenges of akathisia. CNS Spectr 2015;20:414.1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stahl, SM, Loonen, AJ. The mechanism of drug-induced akathisia. CNS Spectr 2011;16(1):710.2Google Scholar

References

Fernandez, HH, Factor, SA, Hauser, RA et al. Randomized controlled trial of deutetrabenazine for tardive dyskinesia: the ARM-TD study. Neurology 2017;88(21):-2003–10.1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hauser, RA, Factor, SA, Marder, SR et al. KINECT 3: a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of valbenazine for tardive dyskinesia. Am J Psychiatry 2017;174(5):-476–84.2Google Scholar
Waln, O, Jankovic, J. An update on tardive dyskinesia: from phenomenology to treatment. Tremor Other Hyperkinetic Movements, 2013;3. doi:10.7916/D88P5Z71.3Google Scholar

References

Stahl, SM. Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology, fourth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2013. (Chapter 5)1Google Scholar
Stahl, SM. Essential psychopharmacology, the prescriber’s guide, sixth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2017.2Google Scholar
Stahl, SM, Mignon, L. Stahl’s illustrated antipsychotics, second edition. Carlsbad, CA: NEI Press; 2009. (Chapter 3)3Google Scholar

References

Stahl, SM. Case studies: Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2011.1Google Scholar
Stahl, SM. Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology, fourth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2013. (Chapter 5)2Google Scholar
Stahl, SM. Essential psychopharmacology, the prescriber’s guide, sixth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2017.3Google Scholar
Stahl, SM, Mignon, L. Stahl’s illustrated antipsychotics, second edition. Carlsbad, CA: NEI Press; 2009. (Chapter 5)4Google Scholar

References

Stahl, SM. Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology, fourth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2013. (Chapter 5)1Google Scholar
Stahl, SM. Essential psychopharmacology, the prescriber’s guide, sixth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2017.2Google Scholar

References

Durgam, S, Earley, W, Li, R et al. Long-term cariprazine treatment for the prevention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Schiz Res 2016;176:264–71.1Google Scholar
Stahl, SM. Essential psychopharmacology, the prescriber’s guide, sixth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2017.2Google Scholar

References

Roth, BL. Ki determinations, receptor binding profiles, agonist and/or antagonist functional data, HERG data, MDR1 data, etc. as appropriate was generously provided by the National Institute of Mental Health’s Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Contract # HHSN-271–2008-00025-C (NIMH PDSP). The NIMH PDSP is directed by Bryan L. Roth MD, PhD at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Project Officer Jamie Driscol at NIMH, Bethesda MD, USA. For experimental details please refer to the PDSP website http://pdsp.med.unc.edu.1Google Scholar
Santana, N, Mengod, G, Artigas, F. Expression of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in rat prefrontal cortex: cellular co-localization with 5-HT2A receptors. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013;16(5):1139–51.2Google Scholar
Stahl, SM. Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology, fourth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2013.3Google Scholar

References

Neuroscience Education Institute. Recommended ANC monitoring [pdf]. 2017.1Google Scholar
Stahl, SM. Essential psychopharmacology, the prescriber’s guide, sixth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2017.2Google Scholar

References

Stahl, SM. Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology, fourth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2013. (Chapter 5)1Google Scholar
Stahl, SM. Essential psychopharmacology, the prescriber’s guide, sixth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2017.2Google Scholar
Stahl, SM, Mignon, L. Stahl’s illustrated antipsychotics, second edition. Carlsbad, CA: NEI Press; 2009. (Chapter 3)3Google Scholar

References

Stahl, SM. Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology, fourth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2013. (Chapter 5)1Google Scholar
Stahl, SM. Essential psychopharmacology, the prescriber’s guide, sixth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2017.2Google Scholar

References

Stahl, SM. Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology, fourth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2013.1Google Scholar

References

Addington, J, Liu, L, Buchy, L et al. North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2): the prodromal symptoms. J Nerv Ment Dis 2015;203(5):328–35.1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
deKoning, MB, Bloemen, OJN, va Amelsvoort, TAMH et al. Early intervention in patients at ultra high risk of psychosis: benefits and risks. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2009;119:2642.2Google Scholar
Kempton, MJ, Bonoldi, I, Valmaggia, L, Mcguire, P, Fusar-Poli, P. Speed of psychosis progression in people at ultra-high clinical risk. JAMA Psychiatry 2015;72(6):622–63.3Google Scholar
McGlashan, TH, Zipursky, RB, Perkins, D et al. Randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus placebo in patients prodromally symptomatic for psychosis. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:790–9.4Google Scholar
McGorry, PD, Nelson, B, Amminger, GP et al. Intervention in individuals at ultra high risk for psychosis: a review and future directions. J Clin Psychiatry 2009;70:1206–12.5Google Scholar
Schmidt, SJ, Schultze-Lutter, F, Schimmelmann, BG, et al. EPA guidance on the early intervention in clinical high risk states of psychoses. Eur Psychiatry 2015;30:388404.6Google Scholar

References

Pandurangi, AK, Dalkilic, A. Polypharmacy with second-generation antipsychotics: a review of evidence. J Psychiatr Pract 2008;14:345.1Google Scholar
Royal College of Psychiatrists. CR138. Consensus Statement on High-Dose Antipsychotic Medication. 2006. www.rcpsych.ac.uk/files/pdfversion/CR138.pdf.2Google Scholar
Stahl, SM. Essential psychopharmacology, the prescriber’s guide, sixth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2017.3Google Scholar

References

Stahl, SM. Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology, fourth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2013. (Chapter 5)1Google Scholar
Stahl, SM. Essential psychopharmacology, the prescriber’s guide, sixth edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2017.2Google Scholar

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