Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- 1 Speciation and patterns of biodiversity
- 2 On the arbitrary identification of real species
- 3 The evolutionary nature of diversification in sexuals and asexuals
- 4 The poverty of the protists
- 5 Theory, community assembly, diversity and evolution in the microbial world
- 6 Limits to adaptation and patterns of biodiversity
- 7 Dynamic patterns of adaptive radiation: evolution of mating preferences
- 8 Niche dimensionality and ecological speciation
- 9 Progressive levels of trait divergence along a ‘speciation transect’ in the Lake Victoria cichlid fish Pundamilia
- 10 Rapid speciation, hybridization and adaptive radiation in the Heliconius melpomene group
- 11 Investigating ecological speciation
- 12 Biotic interactions and speciation in the tropics
- 13 Ecological influences on the temporal pattern of speciation
- 14 Speciation, extinction and diversity
- 15 Temporal patterns in diversification rates
- 16 Speciation and extinction in the fossil record of North American mammals
- Index
- Plate section
- References
13 - Ecological influences on the temporal pattern of speciation
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- 1 Speciation and patterns of biodiversity
- 2 On the arbitrary identification of real species
- 3 The evolutionary nature of diversification in sexuals and asexuals
- 4 The poverty of the protists
- 5 Theory, community assembly, diversity and evolution in the microbial world
- 6 Limits to adaptation and patterns of biodiversity
- 7 Dynamic patterns of adaptive radiation: evolution of mating preferences
- 8 Niche dimensionality and ecological speciation
- 9 Progressive levels of trait divergence along a ‘speciation transect’ in the Lake Victoria cichlid fish Pundamilia
- 10 Rapid speciation, hybridization and adaptive radiation in the Heliconius melpomene group
- 11 Investigating ecological speciation
- 12 Biotic interactions and speciation in the tropics
- 13 Ecological influences on the temporal pattern of speciation
- 14 Speciation, extinction and diversity
- 15 Temporal patterns in diversification rates
- 16 Speciation and extinction in the fossil record of North American mammals
- Index
- Plate section
- References
Summary
Introduction
Nearly all speciation events in animals seem to involve spatial separation of populations, at least in the initial stages of divergence, and we have few compelling examples of sympatric speciation (Mayr 1947; Coyne & Orr 2004). Given the requirement of geographical isolation, following Mayr (1947), we consider three steps that limit the rate at which new species form. First, gene flow between populations must be restricted. Second, populations diverge in various traits that generate reproductive isolation. Third, populations must expand ranges. This third stage is essential, for without range expansions, newly produced species would remain geographical replacements of one another, severely limiting the total number of species that can be produced from a common ancestor.
Stage 2, that is the generation of reproductive isolation, is usually taken to be synonymous with speciation (Coyne & Orr 2004). Ecological conditions experienced by different taxa can drive and accelerate the rate of attainment of reproductive isolation (‘ecological speciation’, Schluter 2001; Rundle & Nosil 2005), thereby accelerating speciation. This has been the focus of much recent study and is one of the main topics considered in this volume. However, ecological influences on any of the three stages – not just the acquisition of reproductive isolation – can limit the rate at which new species form (Mayr 1947).
In this chapter, we first summarize various ecological and nonecological factors that may limit each of the three stages of speciation.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Speciation and Patterns of Diversity , pp. 240 - 256Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009
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