Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- About the Editors
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- The Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology series
- 1 Social Motivation: Introduction and Overview
- PART I CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS SOCIAL MOTIVATION: GENERAL ISSUES
- 2 Multiple Goals, Optimal Motivation, and the Development of Interest
- 3 The Machine in the Ghost: A Dual Process Model of Defense Against Conscious and Unconscious Death-Related Thought
- 4 Habits and the Structure of Motivation in Everyday Life
- 5 Motivation in Social Settings: Studies of Effort-Related Cardiovascular Arousal
- 6 Reflection and Impulse as Determinants of Conscious and Unconscious Motivation
- 7 The Role of Motivation in the Unconscious: How Our Motives Control the Activation of Our Thoughts and Shape Our Actions
- PART II SOCIAL MOTIVATION: COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE IMPLICATIONS
- PART III CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS SOCIAL MOTIVATION: SOME CONSEQUENCES AND APPLICATIONS
- Author Index
- Subject Index
- References
2 - Multiple Goals, Optimal Motivation, and the Development of Interest
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2010
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- About the Editors
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- The Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology series
- 1 Social Motivation: Introduction and Overview
- PART I CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS SOCIAL MOTIVATION: GENERAL ISSUES
- 2 Multiple Goals, Optimal Motivation, and the Development of Interest
- 3 The Machine in the Ghost: A Dual Process Model of Defense Against Conscious and Unconscious Death-Related Thought
- 4 Habits and the Structure of Motivation in Everyday Life
- 5 Motivation in Social Settings: Studies of Effort-Related Cardiovascular Arousal
- 6 Reflection and Impulse as Determinants of Conscious and Unconscious Motivation
- 7 The Role of Motivation in the Unconscious: How Our Motives Control the Activation of Our Thoughts and Shape Our Actions
- PART II SOCIAL MOTIVATION: COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE IMPLICATIONS
- PART III CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS SOCIAL MOTIVATION: SOME CONSEQUENCES AND APPLICATIONS
- Author Index
- Subject Index
- References
Summary
INTRODUCTION
Why do some students become involved and interested in their studies, and why do they continue in a particular academic discipline? Why do some athletes become engaged in their sport, persist at practice, and seek competition against others? Answering these questions requires that we consider the processes underlying intrinsic motivation, or the motivation to engage in an activity for the value inherent in doing it (Deci & Ryan, 1985). As Wood and Quinn (this volume) note, behavior can be guided through several processes that vary in the degree of attention required (see also Schooler and Schreiber, this volume). We have focused on intentional determinants of achievement behavior. In particular, we have studied the factors that influence optimal motivation and believe that goals play an important role in shaping intrinsic motivation and performance. To study goals and motivation, we have examined the role of intrinsic factors such as self-set goals and personal values in promoting interest and performance in academic contexts over time. We have also examined the effects of extrinsic factors such as goal interventions and task characteristics on intrinsic motivation in laboratory studies. How do these intrinsic and extrinsic factors combine to influence performance and ongoing motivation?
Our work has been guided by Harackiewicz and Sansone's (1991; Sansone & Harackiewicz, 1996) process model of intrinsic motivation. Harackiewicz and Sansone draw an important distinction between goals that are suggested or implied externally and the goals that are actually adopted by an individual in a particular situation (the perceived goal; see Figure 2.1).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Social MotivationConscious and Unconscious Processes, pp. 21 - 39Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2004
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