Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T12:06:22.708Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 May 2011

Noah E. Friedkin
Affiliation:
University of California, Santa Barbara
Eugene C. Johnsen
Affiliation:
University of California, Santa Barbara
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Social Influence Network Theory
A Sociological Examination of Small Group Dynamics
, pp. 343 - 362
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abelson, R. P. and Levi, A.. 1985. “Decision making and decision theory.” Pp. 231–308 in Handbook of Social Psychology, vol. 1, edited by Lindzey, G. and Aronson, E.. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Abelson, R. P. 1964. “Mathematical models of the distribution of attitudes under controversy.” Pp. 142–60 in Contributions to Mathematical Psychology, edited by Frederiksen, N. and Gulliksen, H.. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.Google Scholar
Abrams, D. and Hogg, M. A.. 1990a. “Social identification, self-categorization and social influence.” Pp. 195–228 in European Review of Social Psychology, vol. 1, edited by Stroebe, W. and Hewstone, M.. Chichester: Wiley.Google Scholar
Abrams, D. and Hogg, M. A.. 1990b. Social Identity Theory: Constructive and Critical Advances. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.Google Scholar
Abrams, D., Wetherell, M. S., Cochrane, S., and Hogg, M. A.. 1990. “Knowing what to think by knowing who you are: Self-categorization and the nature of norm formation, conformity and group polarization.” British Journal of Social Psychology 29:97–119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ajzen, I. 1988. Attitudes, Personality, and Behavior. Chicago: Dorsey Press.Google Scholar
Aldag, R. J. and Fuller, S. R.. 1993. “Beyond fiasco: A reappraisal of the groupthink phenomenon and a new model of group decision processes.” Psychological Bulletin 113:533–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, J. C., Giesen, B., Munch, R., and Smelser, N. J.. 1987. The Micro–Macro Link. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Allen, V. L. 1965. “Situational factors in conformity.” Pp. 133–75 in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 2, edited by Berkowitz, L.. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Allen, V. L. 1975. “Social support for nonconformity.” Pp. 2–43 in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 8, edited by Berkowitz, L.. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Allison, S. T. and Messick, D. M.. 1987. “From individual inputs to group outputs, and back again.” Pp. 111–43 in Group Processes, edited by Hendrick, C.. Newbury Park: Sage.Google Scholar
Allport, F. H. 1924. Social Psychology. New York: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Allport, F. H.. 1962. “A structuronomic conception of behavior: Individual and collective.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 64:3–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allport, F. H. and Hartman, D. A.. 1925. “The measurement and motivation of atypical opinion in a certain group.” American Political Science Review 19:753–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, N. H. 1981. Foundations of Information Integration Theory. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, N. H. 1991a. Contributions to Information Integration Theory, Vol. I: Cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Anderson, N. H. 1991b. Contributions to Information Integration Theory, Vol. II: Social. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Anderson, N. H. 1996. A Functional Theory of Cognition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawarence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Anderson, N. H. and Graesser, C. C.. 1976. “An information integration analysis of attitude change in group discussion.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 34:210–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, N. H. and Hovland, C.. 1957. “The representation of order effects in communication research.” Pp. 158–69 in The Order of Presentation in Persuasion, edited by Hovland, C.. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Anselin, L. 1988. Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aronson, E., Turner, J. A., and Carlsmith, J. M.. 1963. “Communicator credibility and communication discrepancy as determinants of opinion change.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 67:31–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arrow, H. 1997. “Stability, bistability, and instability in small group influence patterns.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72:75–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asch, S. E. 1951. “Effects of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgment.” Pp. 117–90 in Groups, Leadership and Men, edited by Guetzkow, M. H.. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Press.Google Scholar
Asch, S. E. 1952. Social Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asch, S. E. 1956. “Studies of independence and conformity: A minority of one against a unanimous majority.” Psychological Monographs 70:1–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Back, K. W. 1951. “Influence through social communication.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 46:9–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bales, R. F. 1950. Interaction Process Analysis. New York: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Balkwell, J. W. 1991. “From expectations to behavior: An improved postulate for expectation states theory.” American Sociological Review 56:355–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bargh, J. A. and Ferguson, M. J.. 2000. “Beyond behaviorism: On the automaticity of higher mental processes.” Psychological Bulletin 126:925–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnlund, D. C. 1959. “A comparative study of individual, majority, and group judgment.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 58:55–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baron, R. S. and Roper, G.. 1976. “Reaffirmation of social comparison views of choice shifts: Averaging and extremity effects in an autokinetic situation.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 33:521–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron, R. S., Hoppe, S. I., Kao, C. F., Brunsman, B., Linneweh, B., and Rogers, D.. 1996. “Social corroboration and opinion extremity.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 32:537–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baron, R. S., Kerr, N. L., and Miller, N.. 1992. Group Process, Group Decision, Group Action. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.Google Scholar
Berger, J., Conner, T. L., and Fisek, M. H.. 1974. “Expectation states theory: A theoretical research program.” Cambridge, MA: Winthrop.
Berger, J., Fisek, M. H., Norman, R. Z., and Zelditch, M.. 1977. Status Characteristics and Social Interaction. New York: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Berger, J., Wagner, D. G., and Zelditch, M.. 1985. “Expectation states theory: Review and assessment.” Pp. 1–72 in Status, Rewards and Influence, edited by Berger, J. and Zelditch, M. J.. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Berger, R. L. 1981. “A necessary and sufficient condition for reaching a consensus using DeGroot's method.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 76:415–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergin, A. E. 1967. “The effect of dissonant persuasive communications upon changes in a self-referring attitude.” Journal of Personality 30:423–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berkowitz, L. 1989. “Frustration–aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation.” Psychological Bulletin 106: 59–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blascovich, J., Ginsburg, G. P., and Veach, T. L.. 1975. “A pluralistic explanation of choice shifts on the risk dimension.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 31:422–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blau, P.M. 1977. Inequality and Heterogeneity. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Blumer, H. 1969. Symbolic Interactionism. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Bochner, S. and Insko, C. A.. 1966. “Communicator discrepancy, source credibility, and opinion change.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 4:614–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, R. and Smith, P. B.. 1996. “Culture and conformity: A meta-analysis of studies using Asch's (1952b, 1956) line judgment task.” Psychological Bulletin 119:111–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonner, H. 1959. Group Dynamics: Principles and Applications. New York: Ronald Press.Google Scholar
Bourgeois, M. and Friedkin, N. E.. 2001. “The distant core: Social solidarity, social distance and interpersonal ties in core–periphery structures.” Social Networks 23:245–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bovard, E. W. 1948. “Social norms and the individual.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 43:62–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brandstatter, H., Davis, J. H., and G. Stocker-Kreichgauer, . 1982. Group Decision Making. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Brodbeck, M. 1956. “The role of small groups in mediating the effects of propaganda.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 52:166–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, R. 1965. Social Psychology. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Bryk, A. S. and Raudenbush, S. W.. 1992. Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Burnstein, E. 1982. “Persuasion as argument processing.” Pp. 103–24 in Contemporary Problems in Group Decision-Making, edited by Davis, J. H. and Stocker-Kreichgauer, G.. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Burnstein, E. and Vinokur, A.. 1973. “Testing two classes of theories about group-induced shifts in individual choice.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 9:123–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnstein, E. and Vinokur, A.. 1977. “Persuasive argumentation and social comparison as determinants of attitude polarization.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 13:315–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burt, R. S. 1987. “Social contagion and innovation: Cohesion versus structural equivalence.” American Journal of Sociology 92:1287–1335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantril, H. 1946a. Gauging Public Opinion. Princeton, NJ: PrincetonUniversity Press.Google Scholar
Cantril, H. 1946b. “The intensity of an attitude.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 41:129–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carley, K. 1990. “Group stability: A socio-cognitive approach.” Advances in Group Processes 7:1–44.Google Scholar
Carley, K. 1991. “A theory of group stability.” American Sociological Review 56:331–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cartwright, D. 1958. “Some things learned: An evaluative history of the research center for group dynamics.” The Journal of Social Issues 12:3–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cartwright, D. 1971. “Risk taking by individuals and groups: An assessment of research employing choice dilemmas.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 20:361–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cartwright, D. 1973. “Determinants of scientific progress: The case of research on the risky shift.” American Psychologist 28:222–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cartwright, D. and Harary, F.. 1956. “Structural balance: A generalization of Heider's theory.” Psychological Review 63: 277–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cartwright, D. and Zander, A.. 1968. Group Dynamics: Research and Theory. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Castellan, N. J., Jr, . 1993. Individual and Group Decision Making: Current Issues. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Chaiken, S., Wood, W., and Eagly, A. H.. 1996. “Principles of persuasion.” Pp. 702–42 in Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles, edited by Higgins, E. T. and Kruglanski, A. W.. New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Charon, J. M. 2001. Symbolic Interactionism. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, S. and Seneta, E.. 1977. “Towards consensus: Some convergence theorems on repeated averaging.” Journal of Applied Probability 14:89–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cialdini, R. B. and Trost, M. R.. 1998. “Social influence: Social norms, conformity, and compliance.” Pp. 151–92 in The Handbook of Social Psychology, vol. 2, edited by Gilbert, D. T., Fiske, S. T., and Boston:, G. Lindzey.McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Clark, R. D. 1971. “Group-induced shift toward risk.” Psychological Bulletin 76:251–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, A. R. 1959. “Communication discrepancy and attitude change.” Journal of Personality 27:386–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coleman, J. S. 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Coleman, J. S., Katz, E., and Menzel, H.. 1966. Medical Innovation: A Diffusion Study. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.Google Scholar
Cooley, C. H. 1962. Social Organization. New York: Schocken.Google Scholar
Cooley, C. H. [1902] 1983. Human Nature and the Social Order. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction.Google Scholar
Coombs, C. H. 1964. A Theory of Data. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Cramer, D. 1975. “A critical note on two studies of minority influence.” European Journal of Social Influence 5:257–60.Google Scholar
Crutchfield, R. S. 1955. “Conformity and character.” American Psychologist 10:191–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalkey, N. C. 1972. Studies in the Quality of Life. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
David, B. and Turner, J. C.. 1996. “Studies in self-categorization and minority conversion: Is being a member of the outgroup an advantage?British Journal of Social Psychology 38:115–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, J. A. 1970. “Clustering and hierarchy in interpersonal relations: Testing two graph theoretical models on 742 sociomatrices.” American Sociological Review 35:843–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, J. H. 1973. “Group decision and social interaction: A theory of social decision schemes.” Psychological Review 80:97–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, J. H. 1982. “Social interaction as a combinatorial process in group decision.” Pp. 27–58 in Group Decision Making, edited by Brandstatter, H., Davis, J. H., and Stocker-Kreichgauer, G.. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Davis, J. H. 1996. “Group decision making and quantitative judgments: A consensus model.” Pp. 35–59 in Understanding Group Behavior: Consensual Action by Small Groups, edited by Witte, E. H. and Davis, J. H.. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Davis, J. H., Laughlin, P. R., and Komorita, S. S.. 1976. “The social psychology of small groups: Cooperative and mixed-motive interaction.” Annual Review of Psychology 27:501–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deaux, K. and Daniela, M.. 2003. “Interpersonal networks and social categories: Specifying levels of context in identity processes.” Social Psychology Quarterly 66:101–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeGroot, M. H. 1974. “Reaching a consensus.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 69:118–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deutsch, M. and Gerard, H. B.. 1955. “A study of normative and informational social influences upon individual judgment.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 51:629–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dion, K. L., Baron, R. S., and Miller, N.. 1970. “Why do groups make riskier decisions than individuals?” Pp. 305–77 in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, edited by Berkowitz, L.. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Doms, M. 1984. “The minority influence effect: An alternative approach.” Pp. 1–33 in Current Issues in European Social Psychology, vol. 1, edited by Doise, W. and Moscovici, S.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Doms, M. and Avermaet, E. V.. 1980. “Majority influence, minority influence and conversion behavior: A replication.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 16:283–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doreian, P. 1981. “Estimating linear models with spatially distributed data.” Pp. 359–88 in Sociological Methodology, edited by Leinhardt, S.. San Fransico: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Doreian, P. and Stokman, F. N.. 1997. Evolution of Social Networks. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach.Google Scholar
Dreu, C. K. W. D. and Vries, N. K. D.. 2001. Group Consensus and Minority Influence: Implications for Innovation. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Driskell, J. E. and Webster, M.. 1997. “Status and sentiment in task groups.” Pp. 179–200 in Status, Network, and Structure, edited by Szmatka, J., Skvoretz, J., and Berger, J.. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Duncan, B. and Duncan, O. D.. 1978. “Interaction of spouses with respect to an unobserved attitude.” Pp. 291–6 in Sex Typing and Social Roles. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Duncan, O. D., Haller, A. O., and Portes, A.. 1968. “Peer influences on aspirations: A reinterpretation.” American Journal of Sociology 74:119–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eagly, A. H. and Chaiken, S.. 1993. The Psychology of Attitudes. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace & Company.Google Scholar
Erbring, L. and Young, A. A.. 1979. “Individuals and social structure: Contextual effects as endogenous feedback.” Sociological Methods & Research 7:396–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feld, S. L. 1981. “The focused organization of social ties.” American Journal of Sociology 86:1015–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, D. A. and Vidmar, N. 1971. “Effects of group discussion on estimates of culturally appropriate risk levels.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 20: 436–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Festinger, Leon. 1950. “Informal social communication.” Psychological Review 57:271–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Festinger, Leon. 1953. “An analysis of compliant behavior.” Pp. 232–56 in Group Relations at the Crossroads, edited by Sherif, M. and Wilson, M. O.. New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Festinger, Leon. 1954. “A theory of social comparison processes.” Human Relations 7:117–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Festinger, Leon. 1957. A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson.Google Scholar
Festinger, Leon. 1964. Conflict, Decision, and Dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Festinger, L. and Aronson, E.. 1968. “Arousal and reduction of dissonance in social contexts.” Pp. 125–36 in Group Dynamics, edited by Cartwright, D. and Zander, A.. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Festinger, L., Gerard, H. B., Hymovitch, B., Kelley, H. H., and Raven, B.. 1952. “The influence process in the presence of extreme deviates.” Human Relations 5:327–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Festinger, Leon, Schachter, S., and Back, K. W.. 1950. Social Pressures in Informal Groups: A Study of Human Factors in Housing. New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Fink, E. L., Kaplowitz, S. A., and Bauer, C. L.. 1983. “Positional discrepancy, psychological discrepancy, and attitude change: Experimental tests of some mathematical models.” Communication Monographs 50:413–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisek, M. Hamit and Berger, Joseph. 1998. “Sentiment and task performance expectations.” Pp. 23–40 in Advances in Group Processes, edited by Skvoretz, J. and Szmatka, J.. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Fisek, M. H., Berger, J., and Norman, R. Z.. 1991. “Participation in heterogeneous and homogeneous groups: A theoretical integration.” American Journal of Sociology 97:114–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisek, M. H., Berger, J., and Norman, R. Z.. 1995. “Evaluations and the formation of expectations.” American Journal of Sociology 101:721–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisek, M. H., Norman, R. Z., and Nelson-Kilger, M.. 1992. “Status characteristics and expectation states theory: A priori model parameters and test.” Journal of Mathematical Sociology 16:285–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisek, M. H. and Ofshe, R.. 1970. “The process of status evolution.” Sociometry 33:327–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fishbein, M. and Ajzen, I.. 1975. Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Fisher, S. and Lubin, A.. 1958. “Distance as a determinant of influence in a two-person serial interaction situation.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 56:230–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fraser, C., Gouge, C., and Billig, M.. 1971. “Risky shifts, cautious shifts, and group polarization.” European Journal of Social Psychology 1:7–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, L. C. 1992. “The sociological concept of ‘group’ : An empirical test of two models.” American Journal of Sociology 98:152–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, J. R. P.. 1956. “A formal theory of social power.” The Psychological Review 63:181–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
French, J. R. P. and Raven, B.. 1959. “The bases of social power.” Pp. 150–67 in Studies of Social Power, edited by Cartwright, D.. Arbor, Ann, MI: Institute for Social Research.Google Scholar
Friedkin, Noah E. 1986. “A formal theory of social power.” Journal of Mathematical Sociology 12:103–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedkin, Noah E. 1990. “Social networks in structural equation models.” Social Psychology Quarterly 53:316–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedkin, Noah E. 1991. “Theoretical foundations for centrality measures.” American Journal of Sociology 96:1478–1504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedkin, Noah E. 1998. A Structural Theory of Social Influence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedkin, Noah E. 1999. “Choice shift and group polarization.” American Sociological Review 64:856–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedkin, Noah E. 2001. “Norm formation in social influence networks.” Social Networks 23:167–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedkin, N. E. and Cook, K. S.. 1990. “Peer group influence.” Sociological Methods & Research 19:122–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedkin, N. E. and Johnsen, E. C.. 1990. “Social influence and opinions.” Journal of Mathematical Sociology 15:193–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedkin, N. E. and Johnsen, E. C. 1997. “Social positions in influence networks.” Social Networks 19:209–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedkin, N. E. and Johnsen, E. C. 1999. “Social influence networks and opinion change.” Advances in Group Processes 16:1–29.Google Scholar
Friedkin, N. E. and Johnsen, E. C. 2002. “Control loss and Fayol's gangplanks.” Social Networks 24:395–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedkin, N. E. and Johnsen, E. C. 2003. “Attitude change, affect control, and expectation states in the formation of influence networks.” Advances in Group Processes 20:1–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galam, S. and Moscovici, S.. 1991. “Towards a theory of collective phenomena: Consensus and attitude changes in groups.” Eurpean Journal of Social Psychology 21:49–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gantmacher, F. R. 1959. The Theory of Matrices, Vol. Two. New York:Chelsea.Google Scholar
Gerard, H. B. 1954. “The anchorage of opinions in face-to-face groups.” Human Relations 7:313–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerard, H. B. and Miller, N.. 1967. “Group dynamics.” Annual Review of Psychology 18:287–332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goethals, G. R. 1972. “Consensus and modality in the attribution process: The role of similarity and information.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 21:84–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goethals, G. R. and Darley, J. M.. 1977. “Social comparison theory: An attributional approach.” Pp. 259–78 in Social Comparison Processes: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives, edited by Suls, J. M. and , R. L. Miller.Washington, DC: Halsted-Wiley.Google Scholar
Goethals, G. R. and Nelson, R. E.. 1973. “Similarity in the influence process: The belief–value distinction.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 25:117–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goethals, G. R. and Zanna, M. P.. 1979. “The role of social comparison in choice shifts.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37:1469–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldberg, S. C. 1954. “Three situational determinants of conformity to social norms.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 49:325–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gordon, B. F. 1966. “Influence and social comparison as motives for affiliation.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Supplement I: 55–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, R. V. 1993. “Collective action and network structure.”American Sociological Review 58: 182–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graesser, C. C. 1991. “A social averaging theorem for group decision making.” Pp. 1–40 in Contributions to Information Integration Theory, vol. 2, edited by Anderson, N. H.. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Granovetter, M. S. 1973. “The strength of weak ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78: 1360–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granovetter, M. S. 1978. “Threshold models of collective behavior.” American Journal of Sociology 83: 1420–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenwald, A. G. 1966. “Effects of prior commitment on behavior change after a persuasive communication.” Public Opinion Quarterly 29:595–601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harary, F. 1959. “A criterion for unanimity in French's theory of social power.” Pp. 168–82 in Studies in Social Power, edited by Cartwright, D.. Arbor, Ann, MI: Institute for Social Research.Google Scholar
Harary, F., Norman, R. Z., and Cartwright, D.. 1965. Structural Models: An Introduction to the Theory of Directed Graphs. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Hastie, R., Penrod, S., and Pennington, N.. 1983. Inside the Jury. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heider, F. 1946. “Attitudes and cognitive organization.” Journal of Psychology 21:107–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heise, D. R. 2002. “Understanding social interaction with affect control theory.” Pp. 17–40 in New Directions in Sociological Theory, edited by Berger, J. and Zelditch, M.. Boulder, CO: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Helmreich, R., Bakeman, R., and Scherwitz, L.. 1973. “The study of small groups.” Annual Review of Psychology 24:337–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hewitt, J. P. 2000. Self and Society. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.Google Scholar
Himmelfarb, S. 1974. “Resistance to persuasion induced by information integration.” Pp. 413–19 in Readings in Attitude Change, edited by Himmelfarb, S. and Eagly, A. H.. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Hogg, M. A. 1992. The Social Psychology of Group Cohesiveness. New York: New York University.Google Scholar
Hogg, M. A. and Abrams, D.. 1988. Social Identification: A Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations and Group Processes. London/New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hogg, M. A. and Tindale, R. S.. 2001. “Social categorization, depersonalization, and group behavior.” Pp. 56–85 in Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Group Processes, edited by Hogg, M. A. and , R. S. Tindale.Oxford: Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogg, M. A., Turner, J. C., and Davidson, B.. 1990. “Polarized norms and social frames of reference: A test of the self-categorization theory of group polarization.” Basic & Applied Social Psychology 11:77–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Homans, G. C. 1950. The Human Group. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.Google Scholar
Homans, G. C. 1961. Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.Google Scholar
Homans, G. C. 1964. “Bringing men back in.” American Sociological Review 29:809–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horowitz, Irving L. 1962. “Consensus, conflict and cooperation: A sociological inventory.” Social Forces 41:177–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hovland, C. 1959. “Reconciling conflicting results derived from the experimental and survey studies of attitude change.” The American Psychologist 46:92–100.Google Scholar
Hovland, C. I., Harvey, O. J., and Sherif, M.. 1957. “Assimilation and contrast effects in reactions to communication and attitude change.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 55:244–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hovland, C. I., Janis, I. L., and Kelley, H. H.. 1953. Communication and Persuasion. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Hovland, C. and Pritzker, H.. 1957. “Extent of opinion change as a function of amount of change advocated.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 54:257–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hox, J. 2002. Multilevel Analysis. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Hubbell, C. H. 1965. “An input–output approach to clique identification.” Sociometry 28:377–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunter, F. 1953. Community Power Structure. Durham, NC: University of North Carolina.Google Scholar
Hunter, J. E., Danes, J. E., and Cohen, S. H.. 1984. Mathematical Models of Attitude Change. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, B. 1949. “Some problems of measuring the intensiveness of opinion and attitude.” International Journal of Opinion and Attitude Research 3:123–31.Google Scholar
Insko, C. A., Murashima, F., and Saiyadain, M.. 1966. “Communicator discrepancy, stimulus ambiguity, and balance.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 34:262–74.Google Scholar
Isenberg, D. J. 1986. “Group polarization: A critical review and meta-analysis.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50:1141–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janis, I. L. 1982. Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. M. 1940. “Confidence and the expression of opinion.” Journal of Social Psychology 12:213–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, E. E. 1985. “Major developments in social psychology during the past five decades.” Pp. 47–107 in Handbook of Social Psychology, vol. 1, edited by Lindzey, G. and Aronson, E.. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Kalkhoff, W. and Barnum, C.. 2000. “The effect of status-organizing and social identity processes on patterns of social influence.” Social Psychology Quarterly 63:95–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kameda, T. and Sugimori, S.. 1993. “Psychological entrapment in group decision making: An assigned decision rule and a groupthink phenomenon.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65:282–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaplan, M. F. and Miller, C. E.. 1983. “Group discussion and judgment.” Pp. 65–94 in Basic Group Processes, edited by Paulus, P. B.. New York: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaplowitz, S. A. and Fink, E. L.. 1991. “Disentangling the effects of discrepant and disconfirming information.” Social Psychology Quarterly 54:191–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katz, D. and Kahn, R. L.. 1978. The Social Psychology of Organizations. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Kaufer, D. and Carley, K.. 1993. Communication at a Distance: The Effect of Print on Sociocultural Organization and Change. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Kelley, H. H. 1955. “Salience of membership and resistance to change of group-anchored attitudes.” Human Relations 8:275–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelley, H. H. 1967. “Attribution theory in social psychology.” Pp. 410–14 in Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, edited by Levine, D.. Lincoln: University of Nebraska.Google Scholar
Kelley, H. H. and Lamb, T. W.. 1957. “Certainty of judgment and resistance to social influence.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 55:137–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelley, H. H. and Volkart, E. H.. 1952. “The resistance to change of group-anchored attitudes.” American Sociological Review 17:453–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, F. P. 1981. “How a group reaches agreement: A stochastic model.” Mathematical Social Sciences 2:1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelvin, P. 1979. “Review of Moscovici (1976) ‘Social Influence and Social Change.’ ” European Journal of Social Psychology 9:441–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemper, T. D. and Collins, R.. 1990. “Dimensions of Microinteraction.” American Journal of Sociology 96:32–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kent, M. V. 1994. “Conformity.” Pp. 107–37 in Small Group Research: A Handbook, edited by Hare, A. P. and Blumberg, H. H.. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
Kerr, Norbert L. 1981. “Social transition schemes: Charting the group's road to agreement.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 41:684–702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerr, Norbert L. 1992. “Group decision making at a multialternative task: Extremity, interfaction distance, pluralities, and issue importance.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 52:64–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerr, N. L. and MacCoun, R. J.. 1985. “The effects of jury size and polling method on the process and product of jury deliberation.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48: 349–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kreft, I. and Leeuw, J. D.. 1998. Introducing Multilevel Modeling. London: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamm, H. and Myers, D. G.. 1978. “Group-induced polarization of attitudes and behavior.” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 11:145–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latané, B. 1966. “Studies in social comparison: Introduction and overview.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Supplement 1:1–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latané, B. 1981. “The psychology of social impact.” American Psychologist 36:343–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latané, B. and Wolf, S.. 1981. “The social impact of majorities and minorities.” Psychological Review 88:438–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laughlin, P. R. 1980. “Social combination processes of cooperative problem-solving groups on verbal intellective tasks.” Pp. 127–55 in Progress in Social Psychology, edited by Fishbein, M.. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Laughlin, P. R. and Earley, P. C.. 1982. “Social combination models, persuasive arguments theory, social comparison theory, and choice shift.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 42:273–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laumann, E. O. and Pappi, F. U.. 1976. Networks of Collective Action: A Perspective on Community Influence Systems. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Lawler, E. J., Ridgeway, C., and Markovsky, B.. 1993. “Structural social psychology and the micro–macro problem.” Sociological Theory 11:268–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazer, D. 2001. “The co-evolution of individual and network.” Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25:69–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, M. T. and Ofshe, P.. 1981. “The impact of behavioral style and status characteristics on social influence: A test of two competing theories.” Social Psychology Quarterly 44:73–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehrer, K. and Wagner, C.. 1981. Rational Consensus in Science and Society. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, J. M. 1989. “Reaction to opinion deviance in small groups.” Pp. 187–231 in Psychology of Group Influence, edited by Paulus, P. B.. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Levine, J. M. and Moreland, R. L.. 1990. “Progress in small group research.” Annual Review of Psychology 41:585–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, J. M. and Moreland, R. L.. 1998. “Small groups.” Pp. 415–69 in The Handbook of Social Psychology, vol. 2, edited by Gilbert, D. T., Fiske, S. T., and Lindzey, G.. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Levine, J. M. and Russo, E. M.. 1987. “Majority and minority influence.” Pp. 13–54 in Review of Personality and Social Psychology: Group Processes, vol. 8, edited by Hendrick, C.. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Levinger, G. and Schneider, D. J.. 1969. “A test of the ‘risk as a value’ hypothesis.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 11:165–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewin, K. 1951. Field Theory in Social Science. New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Lewin, K. 1958. Group Decision and Social Change. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
Likert, R. 1967. The Human Organization. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Lovaglia, M. J. 1997. “Status, emotion, and structural power.” Pp. 159–78 in Status, Network, and Structure: Theory Development in Group Processes, edited by Szmatka, J., Skvoretz, J., and Berger, J.. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Lundberg, G. A. and Lawsing, M.. 1937. “The sociography of some community relations.” American Sociological Review 2:318–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luus, E. C. and Wells, G. L.. 1994. “The malleability of eyewitness confidence: Cowitness and perseverance effects.” Journal of Applied Psychology 79:714–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maass, A. and Clark, R. D. 1984. “Hidden impact of minorities: Fifteen years of minority influence research.” Psychological Bulletin 95:428–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maass, A., West, S. G., and Cialdini, R. B.. 1987. “Minority influence and conversion.” Pp. 55–79 in Review of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 8, edited by Hendrick, C.. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Mackie, D. M. 1986. “Social identification effects in group polarization.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50:720–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackie, D. M. 1987. “Systematic and nonsystematic processing of majority and minority persuasive communications.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 53:41–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackie, D. M. and Cooper, J.. 1984. “Attitude polarization: Effects of group membership.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46:575–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackie, D. M. and J. J. Skelly. 1994. “The social cognition analysis of social influence: Contributions to the understanding of persuasion and conformity.” Pp. 259–89 in Social Cognition: Impact on Social Psychology, edited by Devine, P. G., Hamilton, D. L., and Ostrom, T. M.. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
MacCoun, R. J. and Kerr, N. L.. 1988. “Asymmetric influence in mock jury deliberations: Jurors' bias for leniency.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54: 21–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maron, M.J. 1982. Numerical Analysis: A Practical Approach. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Marquis, D. G. 1962. “Individual responsibility and group decisions involving risk.” Industrial Management Review 3: 8–23.Google Scholar
Marsden, P. 1981. “Introducing influence processes into a system of collective decisions.” American Journal of Sociology 86: 1203–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marsden, P. V. and Friedkin, N. E.. 1994. “Network studies of social influence.” Pp. 3–25 in Advances in Social Network Analysis, edited by Wasserman, S. and Galaskiewicz, J.. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Martin, R. 1998. “Majority and minority influence using the afterimage paradigm: A series of attempted replications.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 34:1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, R. and Hewstone, M.. 2001. “Conformity and independence in groups: Majorities and minorities.” Pp. 209–34 in Blackstone Handbook of Social Psychology: Group Processes, edited by Hogg, M. A. and Tindale, R. S.. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
McGarty, C., Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., David, B., and Wetherell, M. S.. 1992. “Group polarization as conformity to the prototypical group member.” British Journal of Social Psychology 31:1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGrath, J. E. and Kravitz, D. A.. 1982. “Group research.” Annual Review of Psychology 33:195–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., and Cook, J.. 2001. “Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks.” Annual Review of Sociology 27:415–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mead, G. H. 1934. Mind, Self, and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Merton, R. K. 1968. Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Michener, H. A. and Wasserman, M. 1995. “Group decision making.” Pp. 335–61 in Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology, edited by Cook, K. S., Fine, G. A., and House, J. S.. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.Google Scholar
Milgram, S. 1974. Obedience to Authority. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Mills, T. M. 1958. “Some hypotheses on small groups from Simmel.” American Journal of Sociology 63:642–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moreland, R. L., Hogg, M. A., and Hains, S. C.. 1994. “Back to the future: Social psychological research on groups.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 30: 527–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moscovici, S. 1976. Social Influence and Social Change. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Moscovici, S. 1980. “Toward a theory of conversion behavior.” Pp. 209–39 in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 13, edited by Berkowitz, L.. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Moscovici, S. 1985. “Social influence and conformity.” Pp. 347–412 in Handbook of Social Psychology, vol. 2, edited by Lindzey, G. and Aronson, E.. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Moscovici, S. and Doise, W.. 1994. Conflict and Consensus. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Moscovici, S., Mucchi-Faina, A., and Maass, A.. 1994. Minority Influence. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.Google Scholar
Moscovici, S. and Mugny, G.. 1983. “Minority influence.” Pp. 41–64 in Basic Group Processes, edited by Paulus, P. B.. New York: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mugny, G. 1982. The Power of Minorities. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Mullen, B. 1983. “Operationalizing the effect of the group on the individual.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 19:295–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mullen, B., Anthony, T., Salas, E., and Driskell, J. E.. 1994. “Group cohesiveness and quality of decision making: An integration of tests of the groupthink hypothesis.” Small Group Research 25:189–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, D. G. and Lamm, H.. 1976. “The group polarization phenomenon.” Psychological Bulletin 83:602–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagel, E. 1961. The Structure of Science: Problems in the Logic of Scientific Explanation. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Nemeth, C. J. 1975. “Understanding minority influence: A reply and digression.” European Journal of Social Psychology 5:265–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nemeth, C. J. 1986. “Differential contributions of majority and minority influence.” Psychological Review 93: 23–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newcomb, T. M. 1951. “Social psychological theory: Integrating individual and social approaches.” Pp. 31–49 in Social Psychology at the Crossroads, edited by Rohrer, J. H. and Sherif, M.. New York, Harper.Google Scholar
Newcomb, T. M. 1953. “An approach to the study of communicative acts.” Psychological Review 60:393–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newcomb, T. M. 1961. The Acquaintance Process. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nowak, A., Szamrej, J., and Latané, B.. 1990. “From private attitude to public opinion: A dynamic theory of social impact.” Psychological Review 97:362–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oldenburger, R. 1940. “Infinite powers of matrices and characteristic roots.” Duke Mathematical Journal 6: 357–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ord, K. 1975. “Estimation methods for models of spatial interaction.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 70:120–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osborn, A. F. 1957. Applied Imagination. New York: Scribner.Google Scholar
Osgood, C. E., May, W. H., and Miron, M. S.. 1975. Cross-Cultural Universals of Affective Meaning. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J., and Tannenbaum, P. H.. 1957. The Measurement of Meaning. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Pattee, H. H. 1973. Hierarchy Theory: The Challenge of Complex Systems. New York: George Braziller.Google Scholar
Penrod, S. and Hastie, R.. 1980. “A computer model of jury decision making.” Psychological Review 87:133–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perloff, R. M. 1993. The Dynamics of Persuasion. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Petty, R. E. and Cacioppo, J. T.. 1986a. Communication and Persuasion. New York: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petty, R. E. and Cacioppo, J. T.. 1986b. “The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion.” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 19:123–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petty, R. E. and Wegener, D. T.. 1997. “Attitude change: Multiple roles for persuasion variables.” Pp. 323–90 in Handbook of Social Psychology, edited by Gilbert, D., Fiske, S., and Lindzey, G.. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Petty, R. E., Wegener, D. T., and Fabrigar, L. R.. 1997. “Attitudes and attitude change.” Annual Review of Psychology 48:609–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pruitt, D. G. 1971. “Choice shifts in group discussion: An introductory review.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 20:339–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radloff, R. 1961. “Opinion evaluation and affiliation.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 62:578–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ridgeway, C. L. 1991. “The social construction of status-value: Gender and other nominal characteristics.” Social Forces 70:367–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ridgeway, C. L. 2001. “Social status and group structure.” Pp. 352–7 in Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Group Processes, edited by Hoog, M. A. and Tindale, R. S.. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Ridgeway, C. L. and Balkwell, J. W.. 1997. “Group processes and the diffusion of status beliefs.” Social Psychology Quarterly 60:14–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ridgeway, C. and Smith-Lovin, L.. 1994. “Structure, culture, and interaction: Comparing two generative theories.” Advances in Group Processes 11:213–39.Google Scholar
Riland, L. H. 1959. “Relationship of Guttman components of attitude intensity and personal involvement.” Journal of Applied Psychology 43:279–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, D. T. 1996. “Identity and friendship: Affective dynamics and network formation.” Advances in Group Processes 13:91–111.Google Scholar
Robinson, D. T. and Balkwell, J. W.. 1995. “Density, transitivity, and diffuse status in task-oriented groups.” Social Psychology Quarterly 58:241–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rohrer, J. H., Baron, S. H., Hoffman, E. L., and Swander, D. V.. 1954. “The stability of autokinetic judgments.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 49:595–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenberg, M. 1969. The Logic of Survey Analysis. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Saltiel, J. and Woelfel, J.. 1975. “Inertia in cognitive processes: The role of accumulated information in attitude change.” Human Communication Research 1:333–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanders, G. S. and Baron, R. S.. 1977. “Is social comparison irrelevant for producing choice shifts?Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 13:303–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schachter, S. 1951. “Deviation, rejection and communication.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 46:190–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shavitt, S. and Brock, T. C.. 1994. Persuasion: Psychological Insights and Perspectives. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn-Bacon.Google Scholar
Shaw, M. E. 1961. “Group dynamics.” Annual Review of Psychology 12:129–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, M. E. 1976. Group Dynamics: The Psychology of Small Group Behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Shelly, R. K. 1993. “How sentiments organize interaction.” Pp. 113–32 in Advances in Group Processes, vol. 10, edited by Lawler, E. J. et al. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Sherif, C. W., Sherif, M., and Nebergall, R. E.. 1965. Attitude and Attitude Change: The Social Judgment-Involvement Approach. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.Google Scholar
Sherif, M. 1936. The Psychology of Social Norms. New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Sherif, M. and Hovland, C. I.. 1961. Social Judgement: Assimilation and Contrast Effects in Communication and Attitude Change. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Simmel, G. 1950. The Sociology of Georg Simmel, translated by K. H. Wolff. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Simon, H. A. 1945. Administrative Behavior. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Simon, H. A. 1953. “Notes on the observation and measurement of political power.” Journal of Politics 15:500–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, J. E. 1966. “Social comparison: Progress and issues.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Supplement 1:103–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skvoretz, J. and Fararo, T. J.. 1996. “Status and participation in task groups: A dynamic network model.” American Journal of Sociology 101:1366–1414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skvoretz, J., Webster, M., and Whitmeyer, J.. 1999. “Status orders in task discussion groups.” Advances in Group Processes 16:199–218.Google Scholar
Smith-Lovin, L. and Heise, D. R.. 1988. Analyzing Social Interaction: Advances in Affect Control Theory. New York: Gordon and Breach.Google Scholar
Smith-Lovin, L., Skvoretz, J. V., and Hawkins, C.. 1986. “Social status and participation in six-person groups: A test of Skvoretz's comparative status model.” Social Forces 64:992–1005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sniezek, J. A. and Henry, R. A.. 1989. “Accuarcy and confidence in group judgment.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 43: 1–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sniezek, J. A. and Henry, R. A.. 1990. “Revision, weighting, and commitment in consensus group judgment.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 45: 66–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorrentino, R. M., King, G., and Leo, Gloria. 1980. “The influence of the minority on perception: A note on a possible alternative explanation.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 16:293–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stasser, G., Kerr, N. L. and Bray, R. M. 1982. “The social psychology of jury deliberation: Structure, process, and product.” Pp. 221–256 in The Psychology of the Count-room, edited by N. L. Kerr and R. M. Bray, New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Stasser, G., Kerr, N. L., and Davis, J. H.. 1980. “Influence processes in decision-making groups: A modeling appraoch.” Pp. 431–77 in Psychology of Group Influence, edited by Paulus, P. B.. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Stasser, G., Kerr, N. L., and Davis, J. H.. 1989. “Influence processes and consensus models in decision-making groups.” Pp. 279–326 in Psychology of Group Influence, edited by Paulus, P. B.. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Steiner, I. D. 1964. “Group dynamics.” Annual Review of Psychology 15:421–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steiner, I. D. 1974. “Whatever happened to the group in social psychology?Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 10:94–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steiner, I. D. 1986. “Paradigms and groups.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 19:251–89.Google Scholar
Stogdill, R. M. 1959. Individual Behavior and Group Achievement: A Theory, the Experimental Evidence. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Stokman, F. N. and Berveling, J.. 1998. “Dynamic modeling of policy networks in Amsterdam.” Journal of Theoretical Politics 10:577–601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stokman, F. N., Assen, M. A. L. M., Knoop, J. V. D., and Oosten, R. C. H. V.. 2000. “Strategic decision making.” Advances in Group Processes 17:131–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoner, J. A. 1961. A Comparison of Individual and Group Decisions Involving Risk. M. A. Thesis, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Stryker, S. 1981. “Symbolic interactionism: Themes and variations.” Pp. 3–29 in Social Psychology, edited by Rosenberg, M. and Turner, R. H.. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Stryker, S. and Statham, A.. 1985. “Symbolic interaction and role theory.” Pp. 311–78 in Handbook of Social Psychology, vol. 1, edited by Lindzey, G. and Aronson, E.. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Suchman, E. A. 1950. “The intensity component in attitude and opinion research.” Pp. 213–76 in Measurement and Prediction (vol. 4 of The American Soldier), edited by Stouffer, S. A., Guttman, L., Suchman, E. A., Lazarfeld, P. F., Star, S. A., and Clausen, J. A.. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Suls, J. and Miller, R. L.. 1977. Social Comparison Processes: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives. Washington, DC: Hemisphere.Google Scholar
Suls, J. and Wills, T. A.. 1991. Social Comparison: Contemporary Theory and Research. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Suls, J., Martin, R., and Wheeler, L.. 2000. “Three kinds of opinion comparison: The triad model.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 4:219–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutton, R. I. and Hargadon, A.. 1996. “Brainstorming groups in context: Effectiveness in a product design firm.” Administrative Science Quarterly 41: 685–718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanford, S. and Penrod, S.. 1984. “Social influence model: A formal integration of research on majority and minority influence processes.” Psychological Bulletin95: 189–225.Google Scholar
Tannenbaum, P. H. 1956. “Initial attitude toward source and concept as factors in attitude change through communication.” Public Opinion Quarterly 20: 413–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, M. 1968. “Towards a mathematical theory of influence and attitude change.” Human Relations 21:121–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tetlock, P. E., Peterson, R. S., McGuire, C., Chang, S., and Feld, P.. 1992. “Assessing political group dynamics: A test of the groupthink model.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63:403–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorndike, R. L. 1938. “The effect of discussion upon the correctness of decisions, when the factor of majority influence is allowed for.” Journal of Social Psychology 9:343–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tindale, R. S. and Davis, J. H.. 1983. “Group decision making and jury verdicts.” Pp. 9–38 in Small Groups and Social Interaction, edited by Blumberg, H. H., Hare, A. P., Kent, V., and Davies, M. F.. Chichester: Wiley.Google Scholar
Tindale, R. S. and Davis, J. H.. 1985. “Individual and group reward allocation decisions in two situational contexts: The effects of relative need and performance.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48: 1148–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tindale, R. S., Davis, J. H., Vollrath, D. A., Nagao, D. H., and Hinsz, V. B.. 1990. “Asymmetrical social influence in freely interacting groups: A test of three models.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58:438–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tindale, R. S., Smith, C. M., Thomas, L. S., Filkins, J., and Sheffey, S.. 1996. “Shared representations and asymmetric social influence processes in small groups.” Pp. 81–103 in Understanding Group Behavior: Consensual Action by Small Groups, edited by Witte, E. H. and Davis, J. H.. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Troyer, L. and Younts, C. W.. 1997. “Whose expectations matter? The relative power of first- and second-order expectations in determining social influence.” American Journal of Sociology 103:692–732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, John C. 1985. “Social categorization and the self-concept: A social cognitive theory of group behavior.” Pp. 77–122 in Advances in Group Processes, vol. 2, edited by Lawler, E. J.. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Turner, John C. 1991. Social Influence. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.Google Scholar
Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., and Wetherell, M. S.. 1987. Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Turner, J. C. and Oakes, P. J.. 1989. “Self-categorization theory and social influence.” Pp. 233–275 in Psychology of Group Influence, edited by Paulus, P. B.. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Turner, J. C., Wetherell, M. S., and Hogg, M. A.. 1989. “Referent informational influence and group polarization.” British Journal of Social Psychology 28:135–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valente, T. W. 1995. Network Models of the Diffusion of Innovations. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.Google ScholarPubMed
Vinokur, A. 1971. “Review and theoretical analysis of the effects of group processes upon individual and group decisions involving risk.” Psychological Bulletin 76:231–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vinokur, A. and Burnstein, E.. 1978. “Depolarization of attitudes in groups.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36:872–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, Carl. 1978. “Consensus through respect: A model of rational group decision-making.” Philosophical Studies 34:335–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, Carl. 1982. “Allocation, Lehrer models, and the consensus of probabilities.” Theory and Decision 14:207–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, D. G. and Berger, J.. 1993. “Status characteristics theory: Growth of a research program.” Pp. 23–63 in Theoretical Research Programs: Studies in the Growth of Theory, edited by Berger, J. and Zelditch, M. J.. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Wasserman, S. and Faust, K.. 1994. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, D. J. and Dodds, P. S.. 2007. “Influentials, networks, and public opinion formation.” Journal of Consumer Research 34: 441–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weber, M. 1947. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. Translated by Henderson, A. M. and Parsons, T.. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Webster, M. and Sobieszek, B. I.. 1974. Sources of Self-Evaluation. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Webster, M. and Whitmeyer, J. M.. 1999. “A theory of second-order expectations and behavior.” Social Psychology Quarterly 62:17–31.Google Scholar
Webster, M. and Whitmeyer, J. M.. 2002. “Modeling second-order expectations.” Sociological Theory 20:306–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weksel, W. and Hennes, J. D.. 1965. “Attitude intensity and the semantic differential.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2:91–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wetherell, M. S. 1987. “Social identity and group polarization.” Pp. 142–70 in Rediscovering the Social Group, edited by Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., and Wetherell, M. S.. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Whitmeyer, J. M. 2000. “Power through Appointment.” Social Science Research 29:535–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitmeyer, J. M. 2002. “The mathematics of expectation states theory.” Social Psychology Quarterly 66: 238–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Witte, E. H. and Davis, J. H.. 1996. Understanding Group Behavior: Consensual Action by Small Groups. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Wolf, S. 1987. “Majority and minority influence: A social impact analysis.” Pp. 207–35 in Social Influences: The Ontario Symposium, vol. 5, edited by Zanna, M. P., Olson, J. M., and Herman, C. P.. Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Wood, J. 1989. “Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes.” Psychological Bulletin 106:231–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, W., Lundgren, S., Ouellette, J.A., Busceme, S., and Blackstone, T.. 1994. “Minority influence: A meta-analytic review of social influence processes.” Psychological Bulletin 115:323–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yeung, K.-T. and Martin, J. L.. 2003. “The looking glass self: An empirical elaboration.” Social Forces 81: 843–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zajonc, R. B. 1980. “Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences.” American Psychologist 35: 151–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zander, A. F. 1979. “The psychology of group processes.” Annual Review of Psychology 30:417–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeisel, H. and Diamond, S. S.. 1974. “Convincing empirical evidence on the six-member jury.” University of Chicago Law Review 41: 281–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimbardo, P. G. 1960. “Involvement and communication discrepancy as determinants of opinion conformity.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 60:86–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zuber, J., Crott, H., and Joachim, W.. 1992. “Choice shift and group polarization: An analysis of the status of arguments and social decision schemes.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62:50–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Noah E. Friedkin, University of California, Santa Barbara, Eugene C. Johnsen, University of California, Santa Barbara
  • Book: Social Influence Network Theory
  • Online publication: 03 May 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511976735.021
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Noah E. Friedkin, University of California, Santa Barbara, Eugene C. Johnsen, University of California, Santa Barbara
  • Book: Social Influence Network Theory
  • Online publication: 03 May 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511976735.021
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Noah E. Friedkin, University of California, Santa Barbara, Eugene C. Johnsen, University of California, Santa Barbara
  • Book: Social Influence Network Theory
  • Online publication: 03 May 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511976735.021
Available formats
×