Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T00:30:58.951Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

2 - Muhammad Gisu Daraz (1321–1422): Muslim piety and state authority

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

Richard M. Eaton
Affiliation:
University of Arizona
Get access

Summary

A Deccani, on being once asked whom he considered the greater personage, the Prophet Muhammad or the Saiyid, replied, with some surprise at the question, that although the Prophet was undoubtedly a great man, yet Saiyid Muhammad Gisu-daraz was a far superior order of being.

Muhammad Qasim Firishta d. 1611)

In July 1321, about the time Ulugh Khan's army was sent to Warangal to recover the unpaid tribute owed by Pratapa Rudra, an infant son was born in Delhi to a distinguished family of Saiyids – that is, men who claimed descent from the Prophet. Although he lived most of his life in Delhi, Saiyid Muhammad Husaini Gisu Daraz would become known mainly for his work in the Deccan, where he died in 1422 at the ripe age of just over a hundred years.

As seen in the extract from Firishta's history quoted above, this figure occupies a very special place in Deccani popular religion: soon after his death his tomb-shrine in Gulbarga became the most important object of Muslim devotion in the Deccan. It remains so today. He also stands out in the Muslim mystical tradition, as he was the first Indian shaikh to put his thoughts directly to writing, as opposed to having disciples record his conversations. But most importantly, Gisu Daraz contributed to the stabilization and indigenization of Indo-Muslim society and polity in the Deccan, as earlier generations of Sufi shaikhs had already done in Tughluq north India. In the broader context of Indo-Muslim thought and practice, his career helped transform the Deccan from what had been an infidel land available for plunder by north Indian dynasts, to a legally inviolable abode of peace.

Type
Chapter
Information
A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761
Eight Indian Lives
, pp. 33 - 58
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

al'Arabi, Ibn, The Bezels of Wisdom. Trans. Austin, R. W. J. (New York, 1980), esp.
Aubin, Jean, Matériaux pour la Biographie de Shah Ni'matullah Wali Kermani (Teheran and Paris, 1956).
Barani, Zia al-Din. Tarikh-i Firuz Shahi. Extracts translated and edited by Elliot, H. M. and Dowson, John in The History of India as Told by its Own Historians. III 8 vols. Allahabad, 1964.Google Scholar
Chittick, William C., “Rumi and Wahdat al-Wujud,” in Poetry and Mysticism in Islam: the Heritage of Rumi, ed. Banani, Amin, Hovannisian, Richard, and Sabagh, Georges (New York, 1994).Google Scholar
Digby, Simon. “Tabarrukat and Succession among the Great Chishti Shaykhs of the Delhi Sultanate.” In Delhi through the Ages, edited by Frykenberg, R. E.. New York, 1986.Google Scholar
Digby, Simon. “The Sufi Shaykh and the Sultan: a Conflict of Claims to Authority in Medieval India.” Iran 28 (1990).Google Scholar
Duncan, J. Derrett, M., The Hoysalas, a Medieval Indian Royal Family (Madras, 1957).
Ernst, Carl W., Eternal Garden: Mysticism, History, and Politics at a South Asian Sufi Center. Albany, 1992.
Filliozat, Vasundhara. l'Épigraphie de Vijayanagara du début à 1377. Paris, 1973.
Firishta, Muhammad Qasim. Tarikh-i Firishta (completed 1611). 2 vols. Lucknow, 1864–65.
Graham, Terry. “Shah Ni'matullah Wali: Founder of the Ni'matullahi Sufi Order.” In The Heritage of Sufism, edited by Lewisohn, Leonard. Vol. 2: Legacy of Medieval Persian Sufism (1150–1500). Oxford, 1999.Google Scholar
Green, Nile, “The Religious and Cultural Roles of Dreams and Visions in Islam,” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 13, no. 3 (November 2003).Google Scholar
Husain, Mahdi. Tughluq Empire. New Delhi, 1976.
Hussaini, Syed Shah Khusro. “Gisudaraz on Wahdat al-wujud.” Studies in Islam (October 1982).Google Scholar
Ibn, Battuta. The Rehla of Ibn Battuta. Translated by Husain, Mahdi. Baroda, 1953.
'Isami, 'Abd al-Malik. Futuhus-salatin. Text edited by Usha, A. S.. Madras, 1948.
Extracts translated by King, J. S., “History of the Bahmani Dynasty.” Indian Antiquary vol. 28 (1899).Google Scholar
Kulke, Hermann. “Maharajas, Mahants and Historians: Reflections on the Historiography of Early Vijayanagara and Sringeri.” In Vijayanagara – City and Empire: New Currents of Research, edited by Dallapiccola, Anna L., I 2 vols. Stuttgart, 1985.Google Scholar
Michell, George. and Eaton, Richard Firuzabad: Palace City of the Deccan. Oxford, 1992.
Samani, Muhammad 'Ali. Siyar al-Muhammadi [composed 1427]. Edited by Ahmad Qadri, S. N.. Hyderabad, 1969.
Shirazi, Rafi' al-Din. Tadhkirat al-muluk (completed 1608).
Siddiqi, Muhammad Suleman. The Bahmani Sufis. Delhi, 1989.
Extracts translated by Haig, T. W., “The History of the Nizam Shahi Kings of Ahmadnagar,” Indian Antiquary vol. 49 (1920) vol. 50 (1921) vol. 51 (1922) vol. 52 (1923).Google Scholar
Tabataba, 'Ali. Burhan-i ma' athir (completed 1591). Delhi, 1936.
Talbot, Cynthia. Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford, 2001.
Verghese, Anila. Religious Traditions at Vijayanagara, as Revealed through its Monuments. New Delhi, 1995.
Wagoner, Phillip B., “Delhi, Warangal, and Kakatiya Historical Memory.” Deccan Studies [Journal of the Centre for Deccan Studies, Hyderabad] 1, no. 1 (2002).Google Scholar
Wagoner, Phillip B., “Harihara, Bukka, and the Sultan: the Delhi Sultanate in the Political Imagination of Vijayanagara.” In Beyond Turk and Hindu: Rethinking Religious Identities in Islamicate South Asia, edited by Gilmartin, David and Lawrence, Bruce B.. Gainesville FL, 2000.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×