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16 - Personality and individual social specialisation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

By
Denis Réale  and
Niels J. Dingemanse
Edited by
Tamás Székely ,
Allen J. Moore  and
Jan Komdeur
Denis Réale
Affiliation:
Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
Niels J. Dingemanse
Affiliation:
University of Groningen, Netherlands
Tamás Székely
Affiliation:
University of Bath
Allen J. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Exeter
Jan Komdeur
Affiliation:
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands
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Summary

Overview

Animals differ in their behaviour, as humans differ in personality. Animal personality represents consistent behavioural individual differences over time and across contexts, and/or correlations between different types of behaviour. In many animal species, individuals differ in activity, aggressiveness, risk-taking and exploratory behaviour, and these behaviours are often positively correlated with each other. We therefore expect that personality affects social behaviour, and that social behaviour also influences personality. New discoveries about the evolutionary ecology of personality suggest exciting research opportunities on the effects of personality on the fate of individuals in social contexts, and on the influences of social interactions on development and evolution of personality.

Studying personality in a social context can provide new insights in the study of social behaviour because it allows us to consider one important question: are social groups composed of individuals with varying degrees of specialisation? Here we consider that the degree of specialisation of an individual for a given trait corresponds to the range of phenotypic expression of that trait for that individual relative to its population. A specialist for a trait is limited in its range of expression of that trait relative to its population, whereas a generalist expresses the whole range of phenotypic variation observed for that trait in the population.

Type
Chapter
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Social Behaviour
Genes, Ecology and Evolution
 , pp. 417 - 441
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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