Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T10:28:41.520Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part II - Fisheries and Forestry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2019

Judith van Erp
Affiliation:
Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands
Michael Faure
Affiliation:
Universiteit Maastricht, Netherlands
André Nollkaemper
Affiliation:
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Niels Philipsen
Affiliation:
Universiteit Maastricht, Netherlands
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Abbott, K. & Snidal, D. 2009. ‘Strengthening International Regulation through Transnational New Governance: Overcoming the Orchestration Deficit’. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 42, 501578.Google Scholar
Alvarez, J. 2006. International Organizations as Law-Makers. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Arnason, R. 2011. ‘Loss of Economic Rents in the Global Fishery’. Journal of Bioeconomics 13, 213232.Google Scholar
Attard, D. 1987. The Exclusive Economic Zone in International Law. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Baldwin, R. & Black, J. 2008. ‘Really Responsive Regulation’. Modern Law Review, 71(1), 5994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldwin, R., Cave, M. & Lodge, M. 2011. Understanding Regulation. Theory, Strategy and Practice. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bangert, K. 1999. ‘The Effective Enforcement of High Seas Fishing Regimes: The Case of the Convention for the Regulation of the Policing of the North Sea Fisheries of 6 May 1882’. In Goodwin-Gill, G. S. & Talmon, S. (eds.), The Reality of International Law: Essays in Honour of Ian Brownlie. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 120.Google Scholar
Barnes, R. 2009. Property Rights and Natural Resources. Oxford, Hart.Google Scholar
Barnes, R. 2010. ‘Entitlement to Marine Living Resources in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction’. In Oude Elferink, A. G. & Molenaar, E. J. (eds.), The International Legal Regime of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Current and Future Developments. Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff, 83141.Google Scholar
Barnes, R. 2012. Pathways to strengthen rights based management programs with a “high seas” component in the context of internationally managed tuna stocks, Report commissioned by the WWF.Google Scholar
Barnes, R. 2016a. ‘The Proposed LOSC Implementation Agreement on Areas beyond National Jurisdiction and Its Impact on International Fisheries Law’. International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 31(4), 583619.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, R. 2016b. ‘The Continuing Vitality of UNCLOS’. In Barrett, J. & Barnes, R. (eds.), The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: A Living Instrument. London, BIICL, 459489.Google Scholar
Bothe, M. & Sand, P. H. (eds.). 2003. Environmental Policy: From Regulation to Economic Instruments. Leiden/Boston, Brill/Nijhoff.Google Scholar
Boyle, A., 2006. ‘Further Development of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea’. In Freestone, D., Barnes, R. & Ong, D. (eds.), Law of the Sea: Progress and Prospects. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 4062.Google Scholar
Caminos, H. & Molitor, M. 1985. ‘Progressive Development of International Law and the Package Deal’. American Journal of International Law 79(4), 871890.Google Scholar
Christy, F. T. Jr. & Scott, A. D. 1965. The Common Wealth of Ocean Fisheries. Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins Press.Google Scholar
Churchill, R. R. 2012. ‘The Persisting Problem of Non-Compliance with the Law of the Sea Convention: Disorder in the Oceans’. International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 27(4), 813820.Google Scholar
COFI. 2014. Report on Progress in the Implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and Related Instruments, COFI/2014/INnf.15/Rev 1. Available at: www.fao.org/3/a-mk051e.pdf.Google Scholar
FAO. 2016. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Rome, FAO.Google Scholar
FAO. 2009. Guidelines for the Eco-Labelling of Fish and Fishery Products from Marine Capture Fisheries. Revision 1. Rome, FAO.Google Scholar
FAO. 2003. Report of the Expert Consultation on Identifying, Assessing and Reporting on Subsidies in the Fishing Industry - Rome, 3–6 December 2002. FAO Fisheries Report No. 698. Rome, FAO.Google Scholar
FAO. 1997. Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries, No. 4. Rome, FAO.Google Scholar
Garcia, S. M. & Rosenberg, A. A. 2010. ‘Food Security and Marine Capture Fisheries: Characteristics, Trends, Drivers and Future Perspectives’. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 365, 28692880.Google Scholar
Gardiner, R., Ostrom, E. & Walker, J. W. 1990. ‘The Nature of Common-Pool Resource Problems’, Rationality and Society 2(3), 335358.Google Scholar
Gordon, H. S. 1954. ‘The Economic Theory of a Common Property Resources: The Fishery’. Journal of Political Economy 62(2), 124142.Google Scholar
Grafton, Q. R. et al. (eds.). 2010. Handbook of Marine Fisheries Conservation and Management. New York, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gulbrandsen, L. 2012. ‘Dynamic Governance Interactions: Evolutionary Effects of State Responses to Non-State Certification Programs’. Regulation & Governance 8(1), 7492.Google Scholar
Gunningham, N. & Grabosky, P. (eds.). 1998. Smart Regulation: Designing Environmental Policy. Oxford, Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Gunningham, N. & Sinclair, D. 1999. ‘Regulatory Pluralism: Designing Policy Mixes for Environmental Protection’. Law & Policy 21(1),4976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guzman, A. T. 2002. ‘A Compliance-Based Theory of International Law’. California Law Review 90(6), 18231887.Google Scholar
Hatcher, A. 2004. ‘Incentives for Investment in IUU Fishing Capacity’. In Gray, K., Legg, F. & Andrews-Chouicha, E. (eds.), Fish Piracy: Combatting Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Paris, OECD, 239254.Google Scholar
Havice, E. 2013. ‘Rights-Based Management in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean Tuna Fishery: Economic and Environmental Change under the Vessels Day Scheme’. Marine Policy 42, 259267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoel, A. H. 2010. ‘Performance Reviews of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations’. In Russel, D. A. & VanderZwaag, D. L. (eds.), Recasting Transboundary Fisheries Management Arrangements in Light of Sustainability Principles. Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff, 449472.Google Scholar
Hollis, D. 2005. ‘Why State Consent Still Matters – Non-State Actors, Treaties, and the Changing Sources of International Law’. Berkeley Journal of International Law 23(1), 137174.Google Scholar
Homans, F. & Wilen, J. 2005. ‘Markets and Rent Dissipation in Regulated Open Access Fisheries’. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 49(2), 381404.Google Scholar
Hosch, G. 2009. Analysis of the Implementation and Impact of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries since 1995. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular, No. 1038. Rome, FAO, 7579.Google Scholar
Howlett, M. & Rayner, J. 2004. ‘(Not so) “Smart Regulation?” Canadian Shellfish Aquaculture Policy and the Evolution of Instrument Choice for Industrial Development’. Marine Policy 28(2), 171184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howlett, M. & Rayner, J. 2007. ‘Designing Principles for Policy Mixes: Cohesion and Coherence in “New Governance Arrangements”’. Policy and Society 26(4), 118.Google Scholar
Howlett, M., Vince, J. & del Rio, P. 2017. ‘Policy Integration and Multi-Level Governance: Dealing with the Vertical Dimension of Policy Mix Designs’. Politics and Governance 5(2), 6978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Innis, H. A. 1940. The Cod Fisheries: The History of an International Economy. New Haven, CT, Yale University Press.Google Scholar
ISSF. 2011. The Cordoba Conference on the Allocation of Property Rights in Global Tuna Fisheries. Washington, DC, International Seafood Sustainability Foundation.Google Scholar
ISSF. 2010. Bellagio Framework for Sustainable Tuna Fisheries: Capacity controls, rights-based management, and effective MCS. Washington, DC, International Seafood Sustainability Foundation.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. 1955–56. ‘The Effect of Resolutions of the General Assembly of the United Nations’. British Yearbook of International Law. 32, 97122.Google Scholar
Kwiatkowska, B. 1989. The 200 Mile Exclusive Economic Zone in the New Law of the Sea. Dordrecht, Nijhoff.Google Scholar
Leal, D. R. (ed.). 2005. Evolving Property Rights in Marine Fisheries. Lanham, MD, Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Lodge, M.W. et al. 2007. Recommended Best Practices for Regional Fisheries Management Organizations. London, Chatham House.Google Scholar
Lowe, V. 2007. International Law. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Molenaar, E. J. 2005. ‘Addressing Regulatory Gaps in High Seas Fisheries’. International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 20(3), 533570.Google Scholar
Neher, P.A., Arnason, R. & Mollett, N. 1989. Rights Based Fishing. Dordrecht, Kluwer.Google Scholar
Ostrom, E., Gardner, R. & Walker, J. 1994. Rules, Games and Common-Pool Resources. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papanicolopulu, I. 2012. ‘The Law of the Sea Convention: No Place for Persons?’. International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 27(4), 867874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, A. 2008. The Evolution of Resource Property Rights. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Serdy, A. 2016. The New Entrants Problem in International Fisheries Law. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Serdy, A. 2007. ‘Trading of Fishery Commission Quota under International Law’. Ocean Yearbook, 21(1), 265288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, T. 1994. Scaling Fisheries: The Science of Measuring the Effects. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, R. B. 2008. ‘Instrument Choice’. In Bodansky, D., Brunnée, J. & Hey, E. (eds.), Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 147181.Google Scholar
Tanaka, Y. 2008. A Dual Approach to Oceans Governance: The Cases of Zonal and Integrated Management in International Law of the Sea. Abingdon, Routledge.Google Scholar
Techera, E.J. & Klein, N. 2017. International Law of Sharks: Obstacles, Options and Opportunities. Leiden, Brill.Google Scholar
Trachtman, J. 2016. ‘The Growing Obsolescence of Customary International Law’. In Bradley, C. (ed.), Custom’s Future: International Law in a Changing World. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 172204.Google Scholar
van der Burgt, N. 2013. The Contribution of International Fisheries Law to Human Development. Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar
van Gossum, P., Arts, B. & Verheyen, K. 2010. ‘From “Smart Regulation” to “Regulatory Arrangements”’. Policy and Science 43(3), 245261.Google Scholar
Washington, S. & Ababouch, L. 2011. Private Standards and Certification in Fisheries and Aquaculture: Current Practice and Emerging Issues. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 553, Rome, FAO,Google Scholar
Wiener, J.B. 1999. ‘Global Environmental Regulation: Instrument Choice in Legal Context’. Yale Law Journal 108, 677800.Google Scholar
WWF. 2012. Rights-Based Management: Conserving Fisheries, Protecting Economies. Washington, DC, WWF, Available at: wwf.be/assets/RAPPORT-POLICY/OCEANS/UK/WWF-RightManagement-brochure-final.pdf.Google Scholar

References

Abbott, K. & Snidal, D. 2009. ‘Strengthening International Regulation Through Transnational New Governance: Overcoming the Orchestration Deficit’. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 42, 501578.Google Scholar
Adam, M. S., Sharma, R. & Bentley, N. 2013. ‘Progress and Arrangements for Management Strategy Evaluation of Indian Ocean Skipjack Tuna’. Paper submitted to the 15th Working Party of Tropical Tuna, 23–28 October. IOTC-2013-WPTT15–33.Google Scholar
Affolder, N. 2010. ‘The Market for Treaties’. Chicago Journal of International Law 11(1), 159196.Google Scholar
Agnew, D. J. 2000. ‘The Illegal and Unregulated Fishery for Toothfish in the Southern Ocean, and the CCAMLR Catch Documentation Scheme’. Marine Policy 4, 361374.Google Scholar
Agnew, D. 2008. ‘Case Study 1: Toothfish – A MSC-Certified Fishery’. In Ward, T. & Phillips, B. (eds.), Seafood Ecolabelling: Principles and Practice. Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 247258.Google Scholar
Agnew, D. et al. 2006. ‘Environmental Benefits resulting from Certification against MSC’s Principles & Criteria for Sustainable Fishing’, available at: www.powerfulinformation.org/objects/mp/MSC_Environmental_Benefits_Report_Phase1_FINAL_4May2006.pdf.Google Scholar
Arangio-Ruiz, G. 2007. ‘International and Interindividual Law’. In Nollkaemper, A. & Nijmann, J. (eds.), New Perspectives on the Divide between National and International Law. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1551.Google Scholar
Bellchambers, L., Phillips, B. & Perez-Ramirez, M. 2016. ‘From Certification to Recertification the Benefits and Challenges of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC): A Case Study Using Lobsters’. Fisheries Research 182, 8897.Google Scholar
Benvenisti, E. 2014. The Law of Global Governance. The Hague, Hague Academy of International Law.Google Scholar
Beyerlin, U. & Marauhn, T. 2011. International Environmental Law. Oxford, Hart.Google Scholar
Bodansky, D. 2010. The Art and Craft of International Environmental Law. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Brooks, C. et al. 2014. ‘Challenging the “Right to Fish” in a Fast-Changing Ocean’. Stanford Environmental Law Journal 33(3), 289324.Google Scholar
Cashore, B. 2002. ‘Legitimacy and the Privatization of Environmental Governance: How Non-State Market-Driven (NSMD) Governance Systems Gain Rule-Making Authority’. Governance 15(4), 503529.Google Scholar
Cashore, B. et al. 2007. ‘Can Non-State Governance “Ratchet Up” Global Environmental Standards? Lessons from the Forest Sector’. Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 16(2), 158172.Google Scholar
Christian, C. et al. 2013. ‘A Review of Formal Objections to Marine Stewardship Council Fisheries Certification’. Biological Conservation 161, 1017.Google Scholar
Constance, D. & Bonnano, A. 2000. ‘Regulating the Global Fisheries: The World Wide Fund, Unilever, and the Marine Stewardship Council’. Agriculture and Human Values 17(2), 125139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Constable, A. 2011, 15 March. ‘Lessons from the CCAMLR on the Implementation of the Ecosystem Approach to Managing Fisheries’. Fish and Fisheries 12(2), 138151. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00410.xGoogle Scholar
Cullis-Suzuki, S. & Pauly, D. 2010. ‘Failing the High Seas: A Global Evaluation of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations’. Marine Policy 34(5), 10361042.Google Scholar
Eberlein, B. et al. 2014. ‘Transnational Business Governance Interactions: Conceptualization and Framework for Analysis’. Regulation and Governance 8(1), 121.Google Scholar
FAO. 2016. The State of the World’s Fisheries and Aquaculture, Rome, FAO.Google Scholar
Froese, R. & Proelss, A. 2012. ‘Evaluation and Legal Assessment of Certified Seafood’. Marine Policy 36(6), 12841289.Google Scholar
Gjerde, K. et al. 2013. ‘Ocean in Peril: Reforming the Management of Global Ocean Living Resources in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction’. Marine Pollution Bulletin 74(2), 540551.Google Scholar
Gulbrandsen, L. 2009. ‘The Emergence and Effectiveness of the Marine Stewardship Council’. Marine Policy 33(4), 654660.Google Scholar
Gunningham, N. & Sinclair, D. 2006. ‘Design Principles for Smart Regulations’. In Ramesh, M. & Howlett, M. (eds.), Deregulation and its Discontents: Rewriting the Rules in Asia. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 195211.Google Scholar
Gunningham, N., Grabosky, P., & Sinclair, D. 1998. Smart Regulation: Designing Environmental Policy. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gutierrez, N. L. et al. 2012. ‘Eco-Label Conveys Reliable Information on Fish Stock Health to Seafood Consumers’. PLoS ONE: e43765 7(8), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043765.Google Scholar
Jacquet, J. et al. 2010. ‘Seafood Stewardship in Crisis’. Nature, 467, 2829.Google Scholar
Jordan, A. 1999. ‘The Construction of a Multilevel Environmental Governance System’. Environment & Planning C: Politics and Space 17(1), 117.Google Scholar
Kaiser, M. & Edward-Jones, G. 2006. ‘The Role of Ecolabeling in Fisheries Management and Conservation’. Conservation Biology 20, 392398.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kalfagianni, A. & Pattberg, P. 2013a. ‘Fishing in Muddy Waters: Exploring the Conditions for Effective Governance of Fisheries and Aquaculture’. Marine Policy, 38, 124132.Google Scholar
Kalfagianni, A. & Pattberg, P. 2013b. ‘Global Fisheries Governance beyond the State: Unraveling the Effectiveness of the Marine Stewardship Council’. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 3(2), 184193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marko, P. B. et al. 2011. ‘Genetic Detection of Mislabeled Fish from a Certified Sustainable Fishery’. Current Biology 21(16), 621622.Google Scholar
Martin, W. 2014. ‘Marine Stewardship Council: A Case-Study in Private Environmental Standard-Setting’. Environmental Law Reporter News & Analysis 44, 1009710101.Google Scholar
Martin, S. et al. 2012. ‘An Evaluation of Environmental Changes Within Fisheries in the Marine Stewarship Council Certification Scheme’. Reviews in Fisheries Science 20(2), 6169.Google Scholar
Miller, D., Saboureknov, E. & Ramm, D. 2004. ‘Managing Antarctic Marine Living Resources: The CCAMLR Approach’. International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 19(3), 317363.Google Scholar
MSC. 2011. ‘Harnessing Market Forces for Positive Environmental Change: The MSC Theory of Change’. Available at: www.msc.org/documents/msc-brochures/msc-theory-of-change.Google Scholar
Morrison, J. & Roht-Arriaza, N. 2007. ‘Private and Quasi-Private Standard Setting’. In Bodansky, D., Brunnée, J. & Hey, E. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 498527.Google Scholar
Österblom, H. & Rashid Sumaila, U. 2011. ‘Toothfish Crises, Actor Diversity and the Emergence of Compliance Mechanisms in the Southern Ocean’. Global Environmental Change 21(3), 972982. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.4.2013.Google Scholar
Pattberg, P. 2004. ‘Private Environmental Governance and the Sustainability Transition: Functions and Impacts of NGO-Business Partnerships’. In Jacob, K., Binder, M. & Wieczorek, A. (eds.), Governance for Industrial Transformation. Berlin, Environmental Policy Research Centre, 5266.Google Scholar
Ponte, S. 2012. ‘The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) and the Making of a Market for “Sustainable Fish”’. Journal of Agrarian Change 12(2–3), 300315.Google Scholar
Raustiala, K. 2000. ‘Compliance & Effectiveness in International Regulatory Cooperations’. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 32, 388440.Google Scholar
Roheim, C. 2008a. ‘The Economics of Ecolabelling’. In Ward, T. & Phillips, B. (eds.), Seafood Ecolabelling: Principles and Practice. Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 3857.Google Scholar
Roheim, C. 2008b. ‘Seafood Supply Chain Management: Methods to Prevent Illegally-Caught Product Entry into the Marketplace’. Available at: http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/supply_chain_management_roheim.pdf.Google Scholar
Roheim, C. & Sutinen, J. 2006. ‘Trade and Marketplace Measures to Promote Sustainable Fishing Practices’, International Trade and Sustainable Development Series, Issue Paper No. 3, Available at: www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/113442.pdf.Google Scholar
Roheim, C. A. et al. 2011. ‘The Elusive Price Premium for Ecolabelled Products: Evidence from Seafood in the UK Market’. Journal of Agricultural Economics 62(3), 655668.Google Scholar
Sand, P. H. 1996. ‘Institution Building to Assist Compliance with International Environmental Law: Perspectives’. Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht 56 774795.Google Scholar
Sand, P. 2003. ‘Sticks, Carrots, and Games’ In Bothe, M. & Sand, P. (eds.), Environmental Policy: From Regulation to Economic Instruments. The Hague, Nijhoff, 336.Google Scholar
Shapiro, C. 1986. ‘Investment, Moral Hazard and Occupational Licensing’. The Review of Economic Studies 53(5), 843862.Google Scholar
Sovacool, B. & Siman-Sovacool, K. 2008. ‘Creating Legal Fish for Toothfish: Using the Market to Protect Fish Stocks in Antarctica’. Journal of Environmental Law 20(1), 1533.Google Scholar
Stewart, R. 2007. ‘Instrument Choice’. In Bodansky, D., Brunnée, J. & Hey, E. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 147481.Google Scholar
Sutton, M. 1998. ‘Harnessing Market Forces and Consumer Power in Favour of Sustainable Fisheries’. In Pitcher, T., Hart, P. & Pauly, D. (eds.), Reinventing Fisheries Management. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 125136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward, T. & Phillips, B. 2008. ‘Ecolabelling of Seafood: Basic Concepts’. In Ward, T. & Phillips, B. (eds.), Seafood Ecolabelling: Principles and Practice. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, 137.Google Scholar
Wood, S. et al. 2015. ‘The Interactive Dynamics of Transnational Business Governance: A Challenge for Transnational Legal Theory’. Transnational Legal Theory 6(2), 333369.Google Scholar

References

Allen, R. 2010. ‘International management of tuna fisheries: Arrangements, challenges and a way forward’, Technical Paper, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture.Google Scholar
Anonymous. 2009. Report of the IOTC Performance Review Panel, IOTC: 56.Google Scholar
Aqorau, T. 2015. ‘How Tuna is Shaping Regional Diplomacy’. In Fry, G. & Tarte, S. (eds.), The New Pacific Diplomacy. Canberra, ANU Press, 223235.Google Scholar
Aranda, M., Murua, H. & de Bruyn, P. 2012. ‘Managing Fishing Capacity in Tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs): Development and State of the Art’. Marine Policy 36(5), 985992.Google Scholar
Auld, G. & Gulbrandsen, L.H. 2010. ‘Transparency in Non-state Certification: Consequences for Accountability and Legitimacy’. Global Environmental Politics 10(3),97119.Google Scholar
Bailey, M., Sumaila, U. & Martell, S. 2013. ‘Can Cooperative Management of Tuna Fisheries in the Western Pacific Solve the Growth Overfishing Problem?Strategic Behavior and the Environment 3, 3166.Google Scholar
Banks, R. 2009. Pre-Assessment Report for the Unassociated and Associated Purse Seine Fisheries Operating in PNA Waters. Australia, Moody Marine Limited.Google Scholar
Banks, R., Clark, L., Huntington, T., Lewis, T. & Hough, A. 2011. MSC Assessment Report for PNA Western and Central Pacific Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Unassociated and Log Set Purse Seine Fishery. Intertek Moody Marine, Moody International, Version: 4 Final Report.Google Scholar
Banks, R., Clark, L., Huntington, T., Lewis, T. & Hough, A. 2012. MSC Assessment Report for PNA Western and Central Pacific Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Unassociated and Log Set Purse Seine Fishery. UK, Intertek Moody Marine.Google Scholar
Barclay, K. & Cartwright, I. 2007. ‘Governance of Tuna Industries: The Key to Economic Viability and Sustainability in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean’. Marine Policy 31 348358.Google Scholar
Bellchambers, L. M., Fisher, E. A., Harry, A. V. & Travaille, K. L. 2016. ‘Identifying and Mitigating Potential Risks for Marine Stewardship Council Assessment and Certification’. Fisheries Research 182, 717.Google Scholar
Braithwaite, J. 2006. ‘Responsive Regulation and Developing Economies’. World Development, 34(5), 884898.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, B. E. 2016. ‘Regional Fishery Management Organizations and Large Marine Ecosystems’. Environmental Development 17, 202210.Google Scholar
Carleton, C., Medley, P., Southall, T. & Gill, M. 2010. MSC Sustainable Fisheries Certification: St. Helen Pole & Line and Role & Line Tuna Fisheries for Albacore, Bigeye, Yellowfin and Skipjack Tuna (Final Report). Scotland, Food Certification International Ltd.Google Scholar
Cashore, B. 2002. ‘Legitimacy and the Privatization of Environmental Governance: How Non-State Market-Driven (NSMD) Governance Systems Gain Rule-Making Authority’. Governance 15(4), 503529.Google Scholar
Christian, C., Ainley, D., Bailey, M., et al. 2013. ‘A Review of Formal Objections to Marine Stewardship Council Fisheries Certifications’. Biological Conservation 161 , 1017.Google Scholar
Cullis-Suzuki, S. & Pauly, D. 2010. ‘Failing the High Seas: A Global Evaluation of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations’. Marine Policy 34(5), 10361042.Google Scholar
Daume, S. & Morison, A. 2014. The PNA Western and Central Pacific Unassociated Purse Seine Skipjack Tuna - 2014 3rd Annual Surveillance USA. Emeryville, CA, SCS Global Services.Google Scholar
Daume, S. & Morison, A. 2016. The Parties to the Nauru Agreement Western and Central Pacific Unassociated Purse Seine Fishery: Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Expedited Principle 1 Assessment. Emeryville, CA, SCS Global Services.Google Scholar
FAO. 1945. Constitution of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Quebec, FAO.Google Scholar
Grafton, Q. R., Arnason, R., Bjørndal, T., et al. 2006. ‘Incentive-based Approaches to Sustainable Fisheries’. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63(3), 699710.Google Scholar
Green, J. F. 2013. Rethinking Private Authority: Agents and Entrepreneurs in Global Environmental Governance. Princeton, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gulbrandsen, L. H. 2010. Transnational Environmental Governance: The Emergence and Effects of the Certification of Forests and Fisheries. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Gunningham, N. & Sinclair, D. 2017. ‘Smart Regulation’. In Peter, P. (ed.), Regulatory Theory: Foundations and Applications. Canberra, ANU Press, 133148.Google Scholar
Gunningham, N. & Sinclair, D. 1999. ‘Regulatory Pluralism: Designing Policy Mixes for Environmental Protection’. Law & Policy 21(1), 4976.Google Scholar
Gunningham, N., Grabosky, P.N. & Sinclair, D. 1998. Smart Regulation: Designing Environmental Policy. New York, Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Hampton, J., Berger, A. M., Harley, S., Pilling, G. M. & Davies, N. 2012. Introduction to Harvest Control Rules for WCPO Tuna Fisheries, Manila, WCPFC.MOW1-IP/06.Google Scholar
Harley, S., Davies, N., Hampton, J. & McKechnie, S. 2014a. Stock Assessment of Bigeye Tuna in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean. Scientific Committee - Tenth Regular Session. Majuro, Marshall Islands. Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. WCPFC-SC10–2014/SA-WP-01.Google Scholar
Harley, S., Williams, P., Nicol, S. & Hampton, J. 2014b. The Western and Central Pacific Tuna Fishery: 2013 Overview and Status of Stocks. Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission.Google Scholar
Havice, E. 2010. ‘The Structure of Tuna Access Agreements in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean: Lessons for Vessel Day Scheme Planning’. Marine Policy 34(5), 979987.Google Scholar
Havice, E. 2013. ‘Rights-based Management in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean Tuna Fishery: Economic and Environmental Change under the Vessel Day Scheme’. Marine Policy 42 , 259267.Google Scholar
Havice, E. & Campling, L. 2010. ‘Shifting Tides in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean Tuna Fishery: The Political Economy of Regulation and Industry Responses’. Global Environmental Politics 10(1), 89114.Google Scholar
Hilborn, R., Orensanz, J. M. & Parma, A. M. 2005. ‘Institutions, Incentives and the Future of Fisheries’. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360(1453), 4757.Google Scholar
Huntington, T., Anderson, C., Macfadyen, G. & Powers, J. 2009. MSC Assessment Report for Pole and Line Skipjack Fishery in the Maldives. Maldives, Moody Marine Ltd., Version 3.Google Scholar
ICCAT. 2016. Report of the Standing Committee on Research and Statistics (SCRS). Madrid, ICCAT, 429.Google Scholar
ICCAT. 2015. Strategic Plan Report: 2015–2020 SCRS Scientific Strategic Plan. Madrid, ICCAT, 21.Google Scholar
ICCAT. 2008. Report of the Independent Review. International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT). Madrid, ICCAT. PLE-106/2008.Google Scholar
IOTC. 2016. Compendium of Active Conservation and Management Measures for the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (Updated November 2016). Seychelles, IOTC, 226.Google Scholar
IOTC. 2016. Report of the 2nd IOTC Performance Review. Seychelles, IOTC, 86. IOTC-2016-PRIOTCO2.Google Scholar
IOTC. 2015. Report of the 19th Session of the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission. Busan, Rep. of Korea, IOTC, 155.Google Scholar
IOTC. 2012. Report of the Fifteenth Session of the IOTC Scientific Committee. Seychelles, IOTC, 288.Google Scholar
IOTC. 2009. Report of the IOTC Performance Review Panel. Seychelles, IOTC, 56.Google Scholar
IOTC. 1993. Agreement for the Establishment of the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission. Rome, IOTC.Google Scholar
Martin, S. M., Cambridge, T. A., Grieve, C., Nimmo, F. M. & Agnew, D. J. 2012. ‘An evaluation of environmental changes within fisheries involved in the Marine Stewardship Council certification scheme’. Reviews in Fisheries Science 20(2), 6169.Google Scholar
Merino, G., Murua, H., Arrizabalaga, H., et al. 2016. Establishment of reference points and harvest control rules in the Framework of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT). Specific Contract No. 8 under FRAMEWORK CONTRACT - MARE/2012/21, Brussels, European Commission, 98.Google Scholar
Miller, A. M., Bush, S. R. & van Zwieten, P. A. 2014. ‘Sub-regionalisation of Fisheries Governance: The Case of the Western and Central Pacific Ocean Tuna Fisheries’. Maritime Studies 13(1), 120.Google Scholar
Nicks, P., Ambrosio, L., Keathinge, M. & DeAlteris, J. 2015. MSC Sustainable Fisheries Certification: Echebastar Indian Ocean Purse Seine Skipjack, Yellowfin, and Bigeye Tuna Fishery, F. Department. Edinburgh, Acoura Marine Ltd., 283.Google Scholar
OPAGAC and WWF. 2016. Fishery Improvement Project Work Plan [online] http://awsassets.wwf.es/downloads/opagac_fip_work_plan_final_1.pdf.Google Scholar
Overdevest, C. & Zeitlin, J. 2014. ‘Assembling an Experimentalist Regime: Transnational Governance Interactions in the Forest Sector’, Regulation & Governance 8, 2248.Google Scholar
Overdevest, C. & Rickenbach, M. G. 2006. ‘Forest certification and institutional governance: An empirical study of forest stewardship council certificate holders in the United States’. Forest Policy and Economics 9(1), 93102.Google Scholar
Parris, H. 2010. ‘Tuna Dreams and Tuna Realities: Defining the Term “Maximising Economic Returns from the Tuna Fisheries” in Six Pacific Island States’. Marine Policy 34(1), 105113.Google Scholar
Pentz, B. & Klenk, N. 2017. ‘The “Responsiveness Gap” in RFMOs: The Critical Role of Decision-Making Policies in the Fisheries Management Response to Climate Change’. Ocean & Coastal Management 145, 4451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peters, B. G., Pierre, J. & King, D. S. 2005. ‘The Politics of Path Dependency: Political Conflict in Historical Institutionalism’. The Journal of Politics 67(4), 12751300.Google Scholar
PNA. 2010. Koror Declaration. Koror, Palau, PNA.Google Scholar
Rochette, J., Billé, R., Molenaar, E. J., Drankier, P. & Chabason, L. 2015. ‘Regional Oceans Governance Mechanisms: A Review’. Marine Policy 60, 919.Google Scholar
Saunders, P. & Haward, M. 2016. ‘Politics, Science, and Species Protection Law: A Comparative Consideration of Southern and Atlantic Bluefin Tuna’. Ocean Development & International Law 47(4), 348367.Google Scholar
Scott, I. & Stokes, K. 2014. Expedited P1 Assessment - The Pole & Line Yellowfin Fishery in the Maldives. UK, Intertek Fisheries Certification.Google Scholar
Silva, M., Garcia, D., Maguire, J. J., Blazquez, L. & Povedano, V. 2016. North Atlantic Albacore Artisanal Fishery. Final Report. Madrid, MSC, 250.Google Scholar
Squires, D., Maunder, M., Allen, , et al. 2016. ‘Effort Rights-based Management’. Fish and Fisheries 18(3), 440465.Google Scholar
Tsamenyi, M., Rajkumar, S. & Manarangi-Trott, L. 2004. ‘The International Legal Regime for Fisheries Management’. Paper presented at the UNEP Workshop on Fisheries Subsidies and Sustainable Fisheries Management, University of Wollongong.Google Scholar
Underdal, A. 1980. The Politics of International Fisheries Management. Oslo, Universitetsforlaget.Google Scholar
WCPFC. 2015a. ‘Conservation and Management Measure on the Target Reference Point for WCPO Skipjack Tuna’. Commission 12th Regular Session, Bali, Indonesia, WCPFC. CMM 2015–06.Google Scholar
WCPFC. 2015b. ‘Information Paper: Data summaries in support of discussions on the CMMs on tropical tunas (CMM 2013–01 and CMM 2014–01)’. Commission 12th Regular Session, Bali, Indonesia, WCPFC.Google Scholar
WWF. 2016. WWF Retrospective on Indian Ocean Tuna Harvest Control Rules, Unpublished, World Wide Fund for Nature.Google Scholar
Yeeting, A. D., Weikard, H. -P., Bailey, M., Ram-Bidesi, V. & Bush, S. R. 2018. ‘Stabilising cooperation through pragmatic tolerance: The case of the Parties to the Nauru Agreement (PNA) tuna fishery’. Regional Environmental Change 18(3), 885897. DOI: 10.1007/s10113-017-1219-0Google Scholar

References

Alchian, A. & Woodward, S. L. 1988. ‘The Firm is Dead; Long Live the Firm: A Review of Oliver E. Williamson’s “The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting”’. Journal of Economic Literature 26(1), 6579.Google Scholar
Allen, D. W. 2000. ‘Transaction Costs’. In Bouckaert, B. & De Geest, G. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Law and Economics. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 893926.Google Scholar
Allen, D. W. 1991. ‘What are Transaction Costs?’. Research in Law and Economics 14, 118.Google Scholar
Anderson, T. L. & Leal, D. R. 1991. Free Market Environmentalism. London, Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Arnold, L. L. 2008. ‘Deforestation in Decentralised Indonesia: What’s Law Got to Do with It?’. Law, Environment & Development Journal 4(2), 75101.Google Scholar
Barr, C. M. et al. 2006. Decentralization of Forest Administration in Indonesia: Implications for Forest Sustainability, Economic Development and Community Livelihoods. Jakarta, CIFOR.Google Scholar
Bartley, T. 2011. ‘Transnational Governance as the Layering of Rules: Intersections of Public and Private Standards’. Theoretical Inquiries in Law 12(2), 517542.Google Scholar
Barzel, Y. 1989. Economic Analysis of Property Rights. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Barzel, Y. 1985. ‘Transaction Costs: Are They Just Costs?’. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 141(1), 416.Google Scholar
Benneker, C. 2008. Dealing with the State, the Market and NGOs. The Impact of Institutions on the Constitution and Performance of Community Forest Enterprises in the Lowlands of Bolivia, Doctoral thesis, Wageningen University.Google Scholar
Berkes, F. 2009. ‘Evolution of Co-Management: Role of Knowledge Generation, Bridging Organizations and Social Learning’. Journal of Environmental Management 90(5), 16921702.Google Scholar
Boscolo, M. & Vargas Rios, M. T. 2007. ‘Forest Law Enforcement and Rural Livelihoods in Bolivia’. In Tacconi, L. (ed.), Illegal Logging: Law Enforcement, Livelihoods and the Timber Trade. London, Earthscan, 191217.Google Scholar
Cano Chacón, M. 2013. The Role of Information of the Marine Stewardship Council Certification Process in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Two MSC Fisheries Certified in Mexico. Dissertation, Dalhousie University.Google Scholar
Carraway, B. et al. 2002. Voluntary Implementation of Forestry Best Management Practices in East Texas. Texas Forest Service. Available at: http://texasforestservice.tamu.edu/uploadedFiles/Sustainable/bmp/round5.pdf.Google Scholar
Cole, D. H. 2002. Pollution and Property: Comparing Ownership Institutions for Environmental Protection. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cole, D. H. 2010. ‘New Forms of Private Property: Property Rights in Environmental Goods’. In Bouckaert, B. (ed.), Property Law and Economics. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar. 225269.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, P. 1982. The Control of Resources. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Denman, D. R. 1978. The Place of Property: A New Recognition of the Function and Form of Property Rights in Land, Berkhamsted, Geographical Publications.Google Scholar
Espinoza, O. & Dockry, M. J. 2014. ‘Forest Certification in Bolivia: A Status Report and Analysis of Stakeholder Perspectives’. Forest Products Journal 64(3–4), 8089.Google Scholar
FAO 2010. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010. Rome, FAO.Google Scholar
Feeny, D., Berkes, F., McCay, B. & Acheson, J. M. 1990. ‘The Tragedy of the Commons: Twenty-Two Years Later’. Human Ecology 18(1), 119.Google Scholar
Gold, M. E. & Zuckerman, R. B. 2014. ‘Indonesian Land Rights and Development’. Columbia Journal of Asian Law 28(1), 4170.Google Scholar
Gulbrandsen, L. H. 2010. Transnational Environmental Governance: The Emergence and Effects of the Certification of Forest and Fisheries. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing.Google Scholar
Gulbrandsen, L. H. & Auld, G. 2016. ‘Contested Accountability Logics in Evolving Nonstate Certification for Fisheries Sustainability’. Global Environmental Politics 16(2), 4260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, J., Van der Grijp, N. & Kuik, O. 2012. Climate Change, Forests and REDD: Lessons for Institutional Design. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Harada, K. & Wiyono, . 2014. ‘Certification of a Community-Based Forest Enterprise for Improving Institutional Management and Household Income: A Case from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia’. Small-scale Forestry 13(1), 4764.Google Scholar
Hardin, G. 1968. ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’. Science 162(3859), 12431248.Google Scholar
Hinrichs, A., Muhtaman, D. R. & Irianto, N. 2008. Forest Certification on Community Land in Indonesia. Eschborn, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit.Google Scholar
Hosonuma, N., Herold, M., De Sy, V., et al. 2012. ‘An Assessment of Deforestation and Forest Degradation Drivers in Developing Countries’. Environmental Research Letters 7(4), 113.Google Scholar
Hysing, E. 2009. ‘From Government to Governance? A Comparison of Environmental Governing in Swedish Forestry and Transport’. Governance 22(4), 647672.Google Scholar
Hysing, E. & Olsson, J. 2005. ‘Sustainability through Good Advice? Assessing the Governance of Swedish Forest Biodiversity’. Environmental Politics 14(4), 510526.Google Scholar
Indrarto, G. B., Murharjanti, P., Khatarina, J., et al. 2012. The Context of REDD+ in Indonesia: Drivers, Agents and Institutions. CIFOR Working Paper No. 92.Google Scholar
Johansson, J. 2014. ‘Towards Democratic and Effective Forest Governance? The Discursive Legitimation of Forest Certification in Northern Sweden’. Local Environment 19(7), 803819.Google Scholar
Johansson, J. & Keskitalo, E. C. H. 2014. ‘Coordinating and Implementing Multiple Systems for Forest Management: Implications of the Regulatory Framework for Sustainable Forestry in Sweden’. Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research 6(3), 117133.Google Scholar
Johansson, T., Hjältén, J., De Jong, J. & von Stedingk, H. 2013. ‘Environmental Considerations from Legislation and Certification in Managed Forest Stands: A Review of Their Importance for Biodiversity’. Forest Ecology and Management 303, 98112.Google Scholar
Keskitalo, E. C. H., Sandstrom, C., Tysiachniouk, M. S. & Johansson, J. 2009. ‘Local Consequences of Applying International Norms: Differences in the Application of Forest Certification in Northern Sweden, Northern Finland, and Northwest Russia’. Ecology and Society 14(2), 114.Google Scholar
Klassen, A., Romero, C. & Putz, F. E. (eds.). 2014. Forest Stewardship Council Certification of Natural Forest Management in Indonesia: Required Improvements, Costs, Incentives, and Barriers. Vienna, IUFRO.Google Scholar
Lister, J. 2012. Corporate Social Responsibility and the State: International Approaches to Forest Co-regulation. Vancouver, UBC Press.Google Scholar
Liu, J., Faure, M. & Mascini, P. 2018. Environmental Governance of Common Pool Resources: A Comparison of Fishery and Forestry. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
McCarthy, J., Barr, C., Resosudarmo, I. & Dermawan, A. 2006. ‘Origins and Scope of Indonesia’s Decentralization Laws’. In Barr, C., Resosudarno, I., Dermawan, A., McCarthy, J. F., Moeliniono, M. & Setiono, B., (eds.), Decentralization of Forest Administration in Indonesia: Implications for Forest Sustainability, Economic Development and Community Livelihoods. Bogor, CIFOR, 3157.Google Scholar
McDermott, C., Cashore, B. & Kanowski, P. 2010. Global Environmental Forest Policies: An International Comparison. London, Earthscan.Google Scholar
McDermott, C., Noah, C. & Cashore, B. 2008. ‘Differences that “Matter”? A Framework for Comparing Environmental Certification Standards and Government Policies’. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning 10(1), 4770.Google Scholar
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystem and Human Well-being: Synthesis. Washington, DC, Island Press.Google Scholar
Müller, R., Pacheco, P. & Montero, J. C. 2014. The Context of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Bolivia: Drivers, Agents and Institutions. CIFOR Occasional Paper No. 108.Google Scholar
Ostrom, E. 2010. ‘Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems’. American Economic Review 100(3), 641672.Google Scholar
Overdevest, C. 2010. ‘Comparing Forest Certification Schemes: The Case of Ratcheting Standards in the Forest Sector’. Socio-Economic Review 8(1), 4776.Google Scholar
Pacheco, P. 2004. ‘What Lies behind Decentralisation? Forest, Powers and Actors in Lowland Bolivia’. The European Journal of Development Research 16(1), 90109.Google Scholar
Pacheco, P. 2011. ‘Land Tenure, Forest and Political Reforms: A Look at their Implications for Common-Property Forests in Lowland Bolivia’. Conference Paper: Sustaining Commons: Sustaining Our Future, the Thirteenth Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of the Commons.Google Scholar
Pacheco, P., Barry, D., Cronkleton, P. & Larson, A. M. 2008. The Role of Informal Institutions in the Use of Forest Resources in Latin-America. Bogor, Center for International Forestry Research.Google Scholar
Paillet, Y., Bergès, L., Hjältén, J., et al. 2010. ‘Biodiversity Differences between Managed and Unmanaged Forests: Meta-Analysis of Species Richness in Europe’. Conservation Biology 24(1), 101112.Google Scholar
Real, B. 2002. ‘Legal Reforms in Bolivia in the 1990s: Challenges and Opportunities for Decentralization, Indigenous Rights and Forest Management’. Doctoral thesis, University of Florida.Google Scholar
Richardson, J. S., Naiman, R. J. & Bisson, P. A. 2012. ‘How Did Fixed-width Buffers Become Standard Practice for Protecting Freshwaters and Their Riparian Areas from Forest Harvest Practices?’. Freshwater Science 31(1), 232238.Google Scholar
Safiti, M. 2010. ‘Forest Tenure in Indonesia: The Socio-legal Challenges of Securing Communities’ Rights’. Doctoral thesis, Leiden University.Google Scholar
Sahlin, M. 2013. Credibility at Stake: How FSC Sweden Fails to Safeguard Forest Biodiversity. Stockholm, Swedish Society for Nature Conservation.Google Scholar
Sahlin, M. 2011. Under the Cover of the Swedish Forestry Model. Stockholm, Swedish Society for Nature Conservation.Google Scholar
Sari, I. M. 2013. ‘Community Forests at a Crossroads: Lessons Learned from Lubuk Beringin Village Forest and Guguk Customary Forests in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia’. Doctoral thesis, University of Oslo.Google Scholar
Schlager, E. & Ostrom, E. 1999. ‘Property Rights Regimes and Coastal Fisheries: An Empirical Analysis’. In McGinnis, M. D. (ed.), Polycentric Governance and Development: Readings from the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis. Ann Arbor, MI, University of Michigan Press. 87113.Google Scholar
Singer, B. 2009. ‘Indonesian Forest-Related Policies: A Multisectoral Overview of Public Policies in Indonesia’s Forests since 1965’. Doctoral thesis, Institut d’Etudes Politiques and CIRAD, France. Available at: http://b-singer.fr/pdf/Forest_policies_in_Indonesia.pdf.Google Scholar
Steering Committee of the State-of-Knowledge Assessment of Standards and Certification. 2012. Toward Sustainability: The Roles and Limitations of Certification, Washington, DC, RESOLVE Inc. Available at: https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2016-08/toward-sustainability.pdf.Google Scholar
Stora Enso. 2014. ‘Global Responsibility Performance’. Part of Stora Enso’s Annual Report 2014. Available at: http://assets.storaenso.com/se/com/DownloadCenter-Documents/Global_responsibility_Performance_2014.pdf.Google Scholar
Stroup, R. L. & Baden, J. A. 1983. Natural Resources: Bureaucratic Myths and Environmental Management. Cambridge, Ballinger Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Sunderlin, W. D., Hatcher, J. & Liddle, M. 2008. From Exclusion to Ownership? Challenges and Opportunities in Advancing Forest Tenure Reform. Washington, DC, Rights and Resources Initiative.Google Scholar
Sweeney, B. W., Bott, T. L., Jackson, J. K., et al. 2004. ‘Riparian Deforestation, Stream Narrowing, and Loss of Stream Ecosystem Services’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101(39), 1413214137.Google Scholar
Uggla, Y., Forsberg, M. & Larsson, S. 2016. ‘Dissimilar Framings of Forest Biodiversity Preservation: Uncertainty and Legal Ambiguity as Contributing Factors’. Forest Policy and Economics 62, 3642.Google Scholar
Verry, E. S. & Dolloff, C. A. 2000. ‘The Challenge of Managing for Healthy Riparian Areas’. In Verry, E. S., Hornbeck, J. W. & Dolloff, C. A. (eds.), Riparian Management in Forests of the Continental Eastern United States. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press LLC. 122.Google Scholar
Wood, P. J. 2009. ‘Public Forests, Private Governance: The Role of Provincial Governments in FSC Forest Certification’. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto.Google Scholar

References

Barron, D. P. & McDermott, C. L. 2015. ‘Private Funder Perspectives on Local Social and Environmental Impacts in “Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation+”’. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning 17(2), 277293.Google Scholar
Borrego, A. & Skutsch, M. 2014. ‘Estimating the Opportunity Costs of Activities that Cause Degradation in Tropical Dry Forest: Implications for REDD+’. Ecological Economics 101, 19.Google Scholar
Butler, R. A., Koh, L. P. & Ghazoul, J. 2009. ‘REDD in the Red: Palm Oil Could Undermine Carbon Payment Schemes’. Conservation Letters 2(2), 6773.Google Scholar
Cashore, B. & Stone, M. W. 2012. ‘Can Legality Verification Rescue Global Forest Governance? Analyzing the Potential of Public and Private Policy Intersection to Ameliorate Forest Challenges in Southeast Asia’. Forest Policy and Economics 18, 1322.Google Scholar
Cashore, B. W. & Stone, M. W. 2014. ‘Does California Need Delaware? Explaining Indonesian, Chinese, and United States Support for Legality Compliance of Internationally Traded Products’. Regulation & Governance 8(1), 4973.Google Scholar
Cashore, B., Auld, G., Bernstein, S. & McDermott, C. 2007. ‘Can Non-state Governance ‘Ratchet Up’ Global Environmental Standards? Lessons from the Forest Sector’. Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 16(2), 158172.Google Scholar
Cerutti, P. O., Tacconi, L., Nasi, R. & Lescuyer, G. 2011. ‘Legal vs. Certified Timber: Preliminary Impacts of Forest Certification in Cameroon’. Forest Policy and Economics 13(3), 184190.Google Scholar
CONAFOR. 2010. Visión de México sobre REDD+, CONAFOR, SEMARNAT. Mexico City, Gobierno Federal.Google Scholar
EC. 2013a. ‘A New EU Forest Strategy: For Forests and the Forest-based Sector’, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committe and the Committee of the Regions, Brussels, European Commission, 1–17.Google Scholar
EC. 2013b. The impact of EU consumption on deforestation: Comprehensive analysis of the impact of EU consumption on deforestation. Study funded by the European Commission, DG #NV, and undertaken by VITO, IIASA, HIVA and IUCN NL. Views or opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily represent those of IIASA or its National Member Organizations. Brussels, European Commission, 1–348.Google Scholar
EC. 2010. Regulation (EU) No 995/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 October 2010 laying down the obligations of operators who place timber and timber products on the market (Text with EEA relevance). Brussels, European Commission, 1–12.Google Scholar
EC. 2003. Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Proposal for an EU Action Plan. Brussels, European Commission, 1–32.Google Scholar
EFI. 2014. EU FLEGT Facility > Voluntary Partnership Agreements, European Forest Institute. Available at: http://www.euflegt.efi.int/vpa.+Voluntary+Partnership+Agreements,+European+Forest+Institute.+Available+at:+http://www.euflegt.efi.int/vpa.>Google Scholar
Ewing, B., Moore, D., Goldfinger, S., Oursler, A., Reed, A. & Wackernagel, M. 2010. Ecological Footprint Atlas 2010. Oakland, Global Footprint Network, 1113.Google Scholar
Gunningham, N., Grabosky, P. & Sinclair, D. 1998. Smart Regulation: Designing Environmental Policy. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hornborg, A. 1998. ‘Towards an Ecological Theory of Unequal Exchange: Articulating World System Theory and Ecological Economics’. Ecological Economics 25(1), 127136.Google Scholar
ITTO. 2011. Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 2011. Yokohama, International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), 1206.Google Scholar
Ituarte-Lima, C., McDermott, C. L. & Mulyani, M. 2014. ‘Assessing Equity in National Legal Frameworks for REDD+: The Case of Indonesia’. Environmental Science and Policy 44 , 291300.Google Scholar
Koulelis, P. & McDermott, C. 2019 (in press). ‘Incorporating A Global Perspective into Future-Oriented Forest Management Scenarios: The Role of Forest Footprint Analysis’. International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 10(1), 21.Google Scholar
Lesniewska, F. & McDermott, C. L. 2014. ‘FLEGT VPAs: Laying a Pathway to Sustainability via Legality: Lessons from Ghana and Indonesia’. Forest Policy and Economics 48, 1623.Google Scholar
McDermott, C., Koulelis, P., Kubo, K. & Barron, D. 2014. ‘Integrating Global Forest Footprints into Forest Management Scenarios’. In Hinterseer, T., Koulelis, P., Jonsson, R., et al. (eds.), Synthesis Report on Integrated Forest Management Scenarios in Europe Including the National Case Study Reports and the Report on the Role of EU Commodity Consumption. Uppsala, INTEGRAL, EU FP7 Programme.Google Scholar
McDermott, C. L., Cashore, B. & Kanowski, P. 2010. Global Environmental Forest Policies: An International Comparison, London, Earthscan.Google Scholar
McDermott, C. L., Coad, L., Helfgott, A. & Schroeder, H. 2012. ‘Operationalizing Social Safeguards in REDD+: Actors, Interests and Ideas’. Environmental Science and Policy 21, 6372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyfroidt, P., Lambin, E. F., Erb, K. H. & Hertel, T. W. 2013. ‘Globalization of Land Use: Distant Drivers of Land Change and Geographic Displacement of Land Use’. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 5(5), 438444.Google Scholar
Meyfroidt, P., Rudel, T. K. & Lambin, E. F. 2010. ‘Forest Transitions, Trade, and the Global Displacement of Land Use’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(49), 2091720922.Google Scholar
Mulyani, M. & Jepson, P. 2013. ‘REDD+ and Forest Governance in Indonesia: A Multistakeholder Study of Perceived Challenges and Opportunities’. The Journal of Environment and Development 22(3), 261283.Google Scholar
Nepstad, D., McGrath, D., Stickler, C., et al. 2014. ‘Slowing Amazon Deforestation through Public Policy and Interventions in Beef and Soy Supply Chains’. Science 344(6188), 11181123.Google Scholar
Obidzinski, K., Dermawan, A., Andrianto, A., Komarudin, H. & Hernawan, D. 2014. ‘The Timber Legality Verification System and the Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) in Indonesia: Challenges for the Small-scale Forestry Sector’. Forest Policy and Economics 48, 2432.Google Scholar
Oosterveer, P. 2014. ‘Promoting Sustainable Palm Oil: Viewed from a Global Networks and Flows Perspective’. Journal of Cleaner Production 107, 146153.Google Scholar
Osborne, T. M. 2011. ‘Carbon Forestry and Agrarian Change: Access and Land Control in a Mexican Rainforest’. The Journal of Peasant Studies 38(4), 859883.Google Scholar
Overdevest, C. & Zeitlin, J. 2014. ‘Constructing a Transnational Timber Legality Assurance Regime: Architecture, Accomplishments, Challenges’. Forest Policy and Economics 48, 615.Google Scholar
Peskett, L., Schreckenberg, K. & Brown, J. 2011. ‘Institutional Approaches for Carbon Financing in the Forest Sector: Learning Lessons for REDD+ from Forest Carbon Projects in Uganda’. Environmental Science & Policy 14(2), 216229.Google Scholar
Rice, J. 2007. ‘Ecological Unequal Exchange: Consumption, Equity, and Unsustainable Structural Relationships within the Global Economy’. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 48(1), 4372.Google Scholar
Rudel, T., DeFries, R., Asner, G. P. & Laurance, W. 2009. ‘Changing Drivers of Deforestation and New Opportunities for Conservation’. Conservation Biology 23(6), 13961405.Google Scholar
Setyowati, A. & McDermott, C. L. 2017. ‘Commodifying Legality? Who and What Counts as Legal in the Indonesian Wood Trade’. Society & Natural Resources 30, 750764.Google Scholar
Steen-Olsen, K., Weinzettel, J., Cranston, G., Ercin, A. E. & Hertwich, E. G. 2012. ‘Carbon, Land, and Water Footprint Accounts for the European Union: Consumption, Production, and Displacements through International Trade’. Environmental Science & Technology 46(20), 1088310891.Google Scholar
UNFCCC. 2014. Report of the Conference of the Parties on its nineteenth session, held in Warsaw from 11 to 23 November 2013: Part Two. Bonn, UNFCCC, 1–43.Google Scholar
UNFCCC/AWGLCA. 2011. Report of the Conference of the Parties on its sixteenth session, held in Cancun from 29 November to 10 December 2010. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change/Ad hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action.Google Scholar
Vogel, D. 1995. Trading Up: Consumer and Environmental Regulation in a Global Economy. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Vogel, D. 1997. ‘Trading up and Governing across: Transnational Governance and Environmental Protection’. Journal of European Public Policy 4(4), 556571.Google Scholar
Wallerstein, I. 1974. ‘The Rise and Future Demise of the World Capitalist System: Concepts for Comparative Analysis’. Comparative Studies in Society and History 16(4), 387415.Google Scholar
Wiedmann, T. O., Schandl, H., Lenzen, M., et al. 2013. ‘The Material Footprint of Nations’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112(20), 62716276.Google Scholar
Xiufang, S. & Canby, K. 2011. FLEGT Asia, Baseline Study 1, China: Overview of Forest Governance, Markets and Trade, Washington DC, EFI-FLEGT Asia Regional Office, Forest Trends, 152.Google Scholar

References

Abbott, K. W. & Snidal, D. 2009. ‘The Governance Triangle: Regulatory Standards Institutions and the Shadow of the State’. In Mattli, W. & Woods, N. (eds.), The Politics of Global Regulation. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 4488.Google Scholar
Auld, G., Cashore, B., Balboa, C., Bozzi, L. & Renckens, S. 2010. ‘Can Technological Innovations Improve Private Regulation in the Global Economy?’. Business and Politics 12(3), 139.Google Scholar
Auld, G., Gulbrandsen, L. H. & McDermott, C. L. 2008. ‘Certification Schemes and the Impacts on Forests and Forestry’. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 33, 187211.Google Scholar
Auld, G. & Gulbrandsen, L. H. 2014. ‘Learning through Disclosure: The Evolving Importance of Transparency in the Practice of Nonstate Certification’. In Gupta, A. & Mason, M. (eds.), Transparency in Global Environmental Governance: Critical Perspectives. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 271296.Google Scholar
Bartley, T. 2007. ‘Institutional Emergence in an Era of Globalization: The Rise of Transnational Private Regulation of Labor and Environmental Conditions’. American Journal of Sociology 113(2), 297351.Google Scholar
Bartley, T. 2003. ‘Certifying Forests and Factories: States, Social Movements, and the Rise of Private Regulation in the Apparel and Forest Products Fields’. Politics and Society 31(3), 433464.Google Scholar
Boström, M. 2003. ‘How State Dependent is a Non-State-Driven Rule-Making Project? The Case of Forest Certification in Sweden’. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning 5(2), 165180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brack, D. 2014. Promoting Legal and Sustainable Timber: Using Public Procurement Policy. London, Chatham House.Google Scholar
Brack, D. 2008. Social Issues in Timber Procurement Policies (third draft). London, Chatham House.Google Scholar
Brack, D. 2005. Public Procurement of Timber: EU Member State Initiatives for Sourcing Legal and Sustainable Timber. London, Chatham House.Google Scholar
Brack, D. & Buckrell, J. 2011. Controlling Illegal Logging: Consumer-Country Measures. London, Chatham House.Google Scholar
Brown, S., Agnew, D. J. & Martin, W. 2016. ‘On the Road to Fisheries Certification: The Value of the Objections Procedure in Achieving the MSC Sustainability Standard’. Fisheries Research 182, 136148.Google Scholar
Cashore, B. 2002. ‘Legitimacy and the Privatization of Environmental Governance: How Non-State Market-Driven (NSMD) Governance Systems Gain Rule-Making Authority’. Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions 15(4), 503529.Google Scholar
Cashore, B., Auld, G. & Newsom, D. 2004. Governing Through Markets: Forest Certification and the Emergence of Non-State Authority. New Haven, CT, Yale University Press.Google Scholar
CPET. 2010. UK Government Timber Procurement Policy: Definition of Legal and Sustainable for Timber Procurements (fourth edition). Oxford, CPET.Google Scholar
CPET. 2006. Evaluation of Category A Evidence: Review of Forest Certification Schemes: Results, December. Oxford, CPET.Google Scholar
CPET. 2005. Evaluation of Category A Evidence: Assessment Results Sustainable Forestry Initiative, September. Oxford, CPET.Google Scholar
CPET. 2004. UK Government Timber Procurement Policy: Assessment of Five Forest Certification Schemes. CPET Phase 1 Final Report, November. Oxford, CPET.Google Scholar
Danish Ministry of the Environment. 2007. Draft Criteria for Legal and Sustainable Timber and Assessment of Certification Schemes. Copenhagen, Danish Ministry of the Environment.Google Scholar
Danish Ministry of the Environment. 2003. Purchasing Tropical Timber. Environmental Guidelines. Copenhagen, Danish Ministry of the Environment.Google Scholar
Eberlein, B., Abbott, K.W., Black, J., Meidinger, E. & Wood, S. 2014. ‘Transnational Business Governance Interactions: Conceptualization and Framework for Analysis’. Regulation and Governance 8(1), 121.Google Scholar
ENDS (Environmental Data Services). 2005. ‘DEFRA’s Approval of Industry-Certified Timber Blasted by Green Groups’. ENDS Report 368 (September).Google Scholar
ENDS (Environmental Data Services). 2004. ‘PEFC Timber Scheme “Inadequate” Says DEFRA’. ENDS Report 358 (July).Google Scholar
European Commission. 2008. Public Procurement for a Better Environment. EU document COM (2008) 400/2. Brussels, European Commission.Google Scholar
European Commission. 2003. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament: Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT), Proposal for an EU Action Plan. EU document COM (2003) 251 final, 21 May. Brussels, European Commission.Google Scholar
FAO. 2016. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016. Rome, FAO.Google Scholar
FAO. 2015. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. Rome, FAO.Google Scholar
FAO. 2005. The FAO Guidelines for the Ecolabelling of Fish and Fisheries Products from Marine Capture Fisheries. Rome, FAO.Google Scholar
FAO. 1995. Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Rome, FAO.Google Scholar
FERN. 2009. Buying a Sustainable Future? Timber Procurement Policies in Europe and Japan. Moreton-in-Marsh (UK), FERN.Google Scholar
Foley, P. 2013. ‘National Government Responses to Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) Fisheries Certification: Insights from Atlantic Canada’. New Political Economy 18(2), 284307.Google Scholar
Gale, F. & Haward, M. 2011. Global Commodity Governance: State Responses to Sustainable Forest and Fisheries Certification. New York, Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Gehring, T. & Oberthür, S. 2009. ‘The Causal Mechanisms of Interaction between International Institutions’. European Journal of International Relations 15(1), 125156.Google Scholar
Gulbrandsen, L. H. 2014. ‘Dynamic Governance Interactions: Evolutionary Effects of State Responses to Non-State Certification Programmes’. Regulation & Governance 8(1), 7492.Google Scholar
Gulbrandsen, L. H. 2010. Transnational Environmental Governance: The Emergence and Effects of the Certification of Forests and Fisheries. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Gulbrandsen, L. H. 2009. ‘The Emergence and Effectiveness of the Marine Stewardship Council’. Marine Policy 33(4), 654660.Google Scholar
Gulbrandsen, L. H. 2004. ‘Overlapping Public and Private Governance: Can Forest Certification Fill the Gaps in the Global Forest Regime?’. Global Environmental Politics 4(2), 7599.Google Scholar
Gulbrandsen, L. H. & Auld, G. 2016. ‘Contested Accountability Logics in Evolving Nonstate Certification for Fisheries Sustainability’. Global Environmental Politics 16(2), 4260.Google Scholar
Gulbrandsen, L. H. & Fauchald, O. K. 2015. ‘Assessing the New York Declaration on Forests from a Trade Perspective’. BIORES: Analysis and News on Trade and Environment 9(4), 47.Google Scholar
ITTO. 2010. The Pros and Cons of Procurement. Development and Progress in Timber-Procurement Policies as Tools for Promoting the Sustainable Management of Tropical Forests. Yokohama, ITTO.Google Scholar
Leadbitter, D. & Ward, T. 2003. ‘Dispute Resolution and the MSC’. In Phillips, B., Ward, T. & Chaffee, C. (eds.), Eco-Labelling in Fisheries: What Is It All About?. Oxford, UK, Blackwell, 8085.Google Scholar
Lister, J. 2011. Corporate Social Responsibility and the State: International Approaches to Forest Co-Regulation. Vancouver, BC, University of British Columbia Press.Google Scholar
Meidinger, E. 2006. ‘The Administrative Law of Global Private-Public Regulation: The Case of Forestry’. The European Journal of International Law 17(1), 4787.Google Scholar
MSC. 2017. Global Impacts Report 2017. 2017. London, UK, Marine Stewardship Council. Available at: www.msc.org/documents/environmental-benefits/global-impacts/msc-global-impacts-report-2017 (accessed 27 October 2017).Google Scholar
MSC. 2010. TAB Directive 023: Revised Fisheries Certification Methodology Objections Procedure. London, UK, Marine Stewardship Council.Google Scholar
MSC. 2006. Leader in Fishery Certification and Eco-labelling Announces 100% Consistency with UN Guidelines. Press release, 26 September. London, UK, Marine Stewardship Council.Google Scholar
MSC. 2005. MSC Welcomes FAO Guidelines on Marine Eco-labelling. Press release, 31 March. London, UK, Marine Stewardship Council.Google Scholar
MSC. 2002. MSC Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Fishing. London, UK, Marine Stewardship Council.Google Scholar
Norwegian Ministry of the Environment. 2007. Miljø- og samfunnsansvar i offentlige anskaffelser. Handlingsplan 2007–2010. Oslo, Norwegian Ministry of Environment. Available at: www.regjeringen.no/Upload/MD/Vedlegg/Planer/T-1467.pdf (accessed 27 October 2017).Google Scholar
Oliver, R. 2009. EU Market Conditions for ‘Verified Legal’ and ‘Verified Legal and Sustainable’ Wood Products. Prepared for the Timber Trade Federation and the Department for International Development by Forest Industries Intelligence Ltd, Settle (UK).Google Scholar
Overdevest, C. 2010. ‘Comparing Forest Certification Schemes: The Case of Ratcheting Standards in the Forest Sector’. Socio-Economic Review 8, 4776.Google Scholar
Overdevest, C. & Zeitlin, J. 2014. ‘Assembling an Experimentalist Regime: Transnational Governance Interactions in the Forest Sector’. Regulation and Governance 8(1), 2248.Google Scholar
PEFC. 2010. PEFC International Standard: Requirements for Certification Schemes, PEFC ST 1003: 2010. Geneva, PEFC Council.Google Scholar
PEFC. 2005. Assessment of PEFC Scheme against DEFRA/CPET Criteria. Luxembourg, PEFC Council.Google Scholar
Ponte, S. 2012. ‘The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) and the Making of a Market for “Sustainable Fish”’. Journal of Agrarian Change 12(2–3), 300315.Google Scholar
Proforest. 2010a. Market Requirements for Legal and Sustainable Timber, and the Implications for Chinese Suppliers. Oxford, Proforest.Google Scholar
Proforest. 2010b. FLEGT Licensed Timber and EU Member State Procurement Policies. Oxford, Proforest.Google Scholar
Rosenau, J. N. & Czempiel, E. -O. (eds.). 1992. Governance without Government: Order and Change in World Politics. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tollefson, C., Gale, F. & Haley, D. 2008. Setting the Standard: Certification, Governance, and the Forest Stewardship Council. Vancouver, BC, UBC Press.Google Scholar
UNECE/FAO. 2017. Forest Products Annual Market Review, 2016–2017. Geneva, UN Economic Commission for Europe. Available at: www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/timber/publications/FPAMR2017AdvanceDraft.pdf (accessed 28 October 2018).Google Scholar
Vogel, D. 2010. ‘The Private Regulation of Global Corporate Conduct: Achievements and Limitations’. Business and Society 49(1), 6887.Google Scholar
Vogel, D. 1995. Trading Up: Consumer and Environmental Regulation in a Global Economy. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×