This chapter presents an overview of many behavioral strategies implemented to combat excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Behavioral strategies for consolidating nighttime sleep in patients with narcolepsy are similar to those recommended for patients suffering from insomnia. Insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS) is considered to be the most common cause of daytime sleepiness and fatigue, with patients exhibiting difficulties in memory, attention, and psychomotor performance. Behavioral treatment strategies utilized by the clinician to address EDS are greatly influenced by the underlying cause. Techniques chosen can vary from appropriate timing of light therapy for circadian rhythm disorders, scheduled naps, positive airway pressure (PAP) compliance for sleep-related breathing disorders, and psychotherapeutic techniques for excessive sleepiness secondary to psychiatric disorders. Behavioral techniques to be utilized in all patients should include sleep hygiene, stimulus control, and avoidance of drowsy driving and dangerous activities.