Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T12:06:47.895Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part II - Imitation and Mimicry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2016

Edited by
Sukhvinder S. Obhi  and
Emily S. Cross
Sukhvinder S. Obhi
Affiliation:
McMaster University, Ontario
Emily S. Cross
Affiliation:
Bangor University
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Shared Representations
Sensorimotor Foundations of Social Life
 , pp. 107 - 192
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Adams-Curtis, L. (1987). Social context of manipulative behavior in Cebus apella. American Journal of Primatology, 12, 325.Google Scholar
Adams-Curtis, L., & Fragaszy, D. M. (1995). Influence of a skilled model on the behavior of conspecific observers in tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). American Journal of Primatology, 37, 65–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akins, C. K., & Zentall, T. (1996). Imitative learning in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) using the two-action method. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 110, 316–320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anisfeld, M. (1991). Neonatal imitation: Review. Developmental Review, 11(60–97), 4(9), e302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anisfeld, M. (1996). Only tongue protrusion modeling is matched by neonates. Developmental Review, 16, 149–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anisfeld, M., Turkewitz, G., Rose, S. A., Rosenburg, F. R., Sheiber, F. J., et al. (2001). No compelling evidence that newborns imitate oral gestures. Infancy, 2(1), 111–122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ankel-Simmons, F. (2000). Primate anatomy: An introduction. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Bard, K. A. (2007). Neonatal imitation in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) tested with two paradigms. Animal Cognition, 10(2), 233–242. doi: 10.1007/s10071-006-0062-3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bauer, P. J., & Mandler, J. M. (1992). Putting the horse before the cart: The use of temporal order in recall of events by one-year-old children. Developmental Psychology, 28(3), 441–452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, B. B. (1972). Tool use in captive hamadryas baboons. Primates, 13, 277–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, B. B. (1973). Observation learning of tool use by captive Guinea baboons (Papio papio). American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 38(2), 579–582.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, B. B. (1976). Tool use by captive pigtailed macaques. Primates, 17, 301–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boesch, C., Marchesi, N., Fruth, B., & Joulian, F. (1994). Is nut cracking in wild chimpanzees a cultural behavior? Journal of Human Evolution, 26(4), 325–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boinski, S., Quatrone, R. P., Sughrue, K., Selvaggi, L., Henry, M., et al. (2003). Do brown capuchins socially learn foraging skills? In Fragaszy, D. M. & Perry, S. (Eds.), The biology of traditions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Boyd, R., & Richerson, P. J. (1985). Culture and the evolutionary process. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Boyd, R., (1994). Why does culture increase human adaptability? Ethology and Sociobiology, 16, 125–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bshary, R. (2010). Decision making: Solving the battle of the fishes. Current Biology, 20(2), R70–R71. doi: S0960-9822(09)02077-6 [pii] 10.1016/j.cub.2009.12.002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bshary, R., & Grutter, A. S. (2006). Image scoring and cooperation in a cleaner fish mutualism. Nature, 441(7096), 975–978. doi: nature04755 [pii] 10.1038/nature04755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bugnyar, T., & Huber, L. (1997). Push or pull: An experimental study on imitation in marmosets. Animal Behaviour, 54(4), 817–831. doi: ar960497 [pii].CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Byrne, R. W. (2005). Detecting, Understanding, and Explaining Imitation by Animals. In S. Hurley & N. Chater (Eds.), Perspectives on Imitation: From Neurosciences to Social Science (Vol. 1: Mechanisms of Imitation and Imitation in Animals, pp. 225–242). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Byrne, R. W. (2005). Social cognition: Imitation, imitation, imitation. Current Biology, 15(13), R498–R500. doi: S0960-9822(05)00666-4 [pii] 10.1016/j.cub.2005.06.031.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Byrne, R. W., & Russon, A. E. (1998). Learning by imitation: A hierarchical approach. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 21, 667–721.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caldwell, C. A., & Whiten, A. (2004). Testing for social learning and imitation in common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, using an artificial fruit. Animal Cognition, 7(2), 77–85. doi: 10.1007/s10071-003-0192-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Call, J., & Tomasello, M. (1994). The social learning of tool use by orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). Human Evolution, 9, 297–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carey, S. (1985). Conceptual change in childhood. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Carpenter, M., Akhtar, N., & Tomasello, M. (1998). Fourteen- through 18-month-old infants differentially imitate intentional and accidental actions. Infant Behavior and Development, 21(2), 315–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, M., & Call, J. (2002). The chemistry of social learning. Developmental Science, 5(1), 22–24.Google Scholar
Carruthers, P. (2006). The architecture of mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chamove, A. S. (1974). Failure to find rhesus observational learning. Journal of the Behavioral Sciences, 2, 39–41.Google Scholar
Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). The chameleon effect: The perception–behavior link and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(6), 893–910.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheney, D. L., & Seyfarth, R. M. (1990). How monkeys see the world. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, R., Bird, G., Lunser, G., Huck, S., & Heyes, C. (2012). Automatic imitation in a strategic context: Players of rock-paper-scissors imitate opponents’ gestures. Proceedings of the Biological Sciences/Royal Society, 279(1729), 780–786. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Csibra, G. (2003). Teleological and referential understanding of action in infancy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 358(1431), 447–458. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2002.1235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Custance, D. M., Whiten, A., & Bard, K. A. (1995). Can young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) imitate arbitrary actions? Hayes and Hayes (1952) revisited. Behaviour, 132, 837–859.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, B. V., & Foss, B. M. (1965). Observational learning in budgerigars. Animal Behaviour, 13, 470–474.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dindo, M., Thierry, B., & Whiten, A. (2008). Social diffusion of novel foraging methods in brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Proceedings of the Biological Sciences/Royal Society, 275(1631), 187–193. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2007.1318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferrari, P. F., Paukner, A., Ruggiero, A., Darcey, L., Unbehagen, S., & Suomi, S. J. (2009). Interindividual differences in neonatal imitation and the development of action chains in rhesus macaques. Child Development, 80(4), 1057–1068. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01316.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferrari, P. F., Visalberghi, E., Paukner, A., Fogassi, L., Ruggiero, A., & Suomi, S. J. (2006). Neonatal imitation in rhesus macaques. PLOS Biology, 4(9), e302. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fodor, J. A. (1983). The modularity of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fragaszy, D. M., Izar, P., Visalberghi, E., Ottoni, E. B., & de Oliveira, M. G. (2004). Wild capuchin monkeys (Cebus libidinosus) use anvils and stone pounding tools. American Journal of Primatology. 64(4), 359–366. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20085.Google Scholar
Fragaszy, D. M., & Perry, S. (2003). The Biology of Traditions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fragaszy, D. M., & Visalberghi, E. (1989). Social influences on the acquisition of tool-using behaviors in tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 103(2), 159–170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fragaszy, D. M., (1990). Social processes affecting the appearance of innovative behaviors in capuchin monkeys. Folia Primatologica (Basel), 54(3–4), 155–165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fragaszy, D. M., (1996). Social learning in monkeys: Primate ‘primacy’ reconsidered. In Galef, B. G. & Heyes, C. (Eds.), Social learning in animals: The roots of culture. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 65–84.Google Scholar
Fragaszy, D. M., (2004). Socially biased learning in monkeys. Learning & Behavior, 32(1), 24–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frey, S. H. (2008). Tool use, communicative gesture and cerebral asymmetries in the modern human brain. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363(1499), 1951–1957. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galef, B. G. (1988). Imitation in animals: History, definition, and interpretation of data from the psychological laboratory. In Galef, Z. (Ed.), Social learning: Psychological and biological perspectives. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 3–28.Google Scholar
Galef, B. G. (1996). Social learning and imitation. In Heyes, G. (Ed.), Social learning in animals: The roots of culture. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Giret, N., Peron, F., Nagle, L., Kreutzer, M., & Bovet, D. (2009). Spontaneous categorization of vocal imitations in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus). Behavioural Processes, 82(3), 244–248. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2009.07.001.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodall, J. (1986). The chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of behavior. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gumert, M. D., Hoong, L. K., & Malaivijitnond, S. (2011). Sex differences in the stone tool-use behavior of a wild population of Burmese long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea). American Journal of Primatology, 73(12), 1239–1249. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20996.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hall, K. R. L. (1963). Observational learning in monkeys and apes. British Journal of Psychology, 54(3), 201–226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haslam, M., Gumert, M. D., Biro, D., Carvalho, S., & Malaivijitnond, S. (2013). Use-wear patterns on wild macaque stone tools reveal their behavioural history. PLoS One, 8(8), e72872. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072872.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herrmann, E., Call, J., Hernandez-Lloreda, M. V., Hare, B., & Tomasello, M. (2007). Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science, 317(5843), 1360–1366. doi: 10.1126/science.1146282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heyes, C. (1994). Social learning in animals: Categories and mechanisms. Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 69(2), 207–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heyes, C. (2011a). Automatic imitation. Psychological Bulletin, 137(3), 463–483. doi: 10.1037/a0022288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heyes, C. (2011b). What’s social about social learning? Journal of Comparative Psychology, 126(2), 193–202. doi: 10.1037/a0025180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heyes, C. (2012). What’s social about social learning?. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 126(2), 193–202. doi: 10.1037/a0025180.Google Scholar
Heyes, C., Bird, G., Johnson, H., & Haggard, P. (2005). Experience modulates automatic imitation. Cognitive Brain Research, 22(2), 233–240. doi: S0926-6410(04)00241-1 [pii] 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.09.009.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopper, L. M. (2010). ‘Ghost’ experiments and the dissection of social learning in humans and animals. Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 85(4), 685–701. doi: BRV120 [pii] 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00120.x.Google Scholar
Hopper, L. M., Lambeth, S. P., Schapiro, S. J., & Whiten, A. (2008). Observational learning in chimpanzees and children studied through ‘ghost’ conditions. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 275(1636), 835–840. doi: JKG55Q617P253P61 [pii] 10.1098/rspb.2007.1542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopper, L. M., Schapiro, S., Lambeth, S. P., & Brosnan, S. (2011). Chimpanzees’ socially maintained food preferences indicate both conservatism and conformity. Animal Behaviour, 81, 1195–1202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horner, V., & Whiten, A. (2005). Causal knowledge and imitation/emulation switching in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and children (Homo sapiens). Animal Cognition, 8(3), 164–181. doi: 10.1007/s10071-004-0239-6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horner, V., (2007). Learning from others’ mistakes? Limits on understanding a trap-tube task by young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and children (Homo sapiens). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 121(1), 12–21. doi: 2007-01892-002 [pii] 10.1037/0735-7036.121.1.12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horner, V., Whiten, A., Flynn, E., & de Waal, F. B. (2006). Faithful replication of foraging techniques along cultural transmission chains by chimpanzees and children. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(37), 13878–13883. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0606015103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horowitz, A. C. (2003). Do humans ape? Or do apes human? Imitation and intention in humans (Homo sapiens) and other animals. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 117(3), 325–336. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.117.3.325 2003-07738-013 [pii].CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, C. T., & Charman, T. (2005). Gradations of emulation learning in infants’ imitation of actions on objects. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 92, 276–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iacoboni, M. (2009). Neurobiology of imitation. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 19(6), 661–665. doi: Doi 10.1016/J.Conb.2009.09.008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobson, S. (1979). Matching behavior in the young infant. Child Development, 30, 425–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaeggi, A. V., Dunkel, L. P., Van Noordwijk, M. A., Wich, S. A., Sura, A. A., & Van Schaik, C. P. (2010). Social learning of diet and foraging skills by wild immature Bornean orangutans: Implications for culture. American Journal of Primatology, 72(1), 62–71. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20752.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janik, V. M., & Slater, P. J. (2000). The different roles of social learning in vocal communication. Animal Behaviour, 60(1), 1–11. doi: 10.1006/anbe.2000.1410 S0003-3472(00)91410–6 [pii].CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, S. S. (1996). Imitation or exploration? Young infants’ matching of adults’ oral gestures. Child Development, 67(5), 1952–1969.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, S. S. (2006). Exploration or imitation? The effect of music on 4-week-old infants’ tongue protrusions. Infant Behavior and Development, 29(1), 126–130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, S. S. (2009). The development of imitation in infancy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1528), 2325–2335. doi: 364/1528/2325 [pii] 10.1098/rstb.2009.0045.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lefebvre, L., & Sol, D. (2008). Brains, lifestyles and cognition: Are there general trends? Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 72(2), 135–144. doi: 10.1159/000151473.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leighton, J., & Heyes, C. (2010). Hand to mouth: Automatic imitation across effector systems. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 36(5), 1174–1183. doi: 2010-17383-001 [pii] 10.1037/a0019953.Google ScholarPubMed
Leslie, A. M. (1994). ToMM, ToBy, and Agency: Core architecture and domain specificity. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lyons, D. E., Santos, L. R., & Keil, F. C. (2006). Reflections of other minds: How primate social cognition can inform the function of mirror neurons. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 16(2), 230–234. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2006.03.015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lyons, D. E., Young, A. G., & Keil, F. C. (2007). The hidden structure of overimitation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(50), 19751–19756. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0704452104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maier, W. (1984). Tooth morphology and dietary specialization. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mantell, J. T., & Pfordresher, P. Q. (2013). Vocal imitation of song and speech. Cognition, 127(2), 177–202. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2012.12.008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marr, D. (1982). Vision: A computational investigation into the human representation and processing of visual information. San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Martin, C. F., Biro, D., & Matsuzawa, T. (2011). Chimpanzees’ use of conspecific cues in matching-to-sample tasks: Public information use in a fully automated testing environment. Animal Cognition, 14(6), 893–902. doi: 10.1007/s10071-011-0424-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuzawa, T., Tomonaga, M., & Tanaka, M. (2006). Cognitive development in chimpanzees. Tokyo, New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuzawa, T., Tomonaga, M., (2011). Cognitive development in chimpanzees. Tokyo, New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Melis, A. P., & Tomasello, M. (2013). Chimpanzees’ (Pan troglodytes) strategic helping in a collaborative task. Biology Letters, 9(2), 20130009. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N. (1988). The human infant as Homo imitans. Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N. (1999). Origins of theory of mind, cognition and communication. Journal of Communication Disorders, 32(4), 251–269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzoff, A. N., & Moore, M. K. (1977). Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates. Science, 198(4312), 75–78. doi: 198/4312/75 [pii] 10.1126/science.198.4312.75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzoff, A. N., (1997). Explaining facial imitation: A theoretical model. Early Development and Parenting, 6, 179–192.3.0.CO;2-R>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mercader, J., Barton, H., Gillespie, J., Harris, J., Kuhn, S., et al. (2007). 4,300-year-old chimpanzee sites and the origins of percussive stone technology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(9), 3043–3048. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0607909104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mercader, J., Panger, M., & Boesch, C. (2002). Excavation of a chimpanzee stone tool site in the African rainforest. Science, 296(5572), 1452–1455. doi: 10.1126/science.1070268.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitani, J. C., & Watts, D. P. (1999). Demographic influences on the hunting behavior of chimpanzees. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 109(4), 439–454.3.0.CO;2-3>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morgan, C. L. (1900). Animal behaviour. London: Edward Arnold.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulcahy, N. J., & Call, J. (2006). How great apes perform on a modified trap-tube task. Animal Cognition, 9(3), 193–199. doi: 10.1007/s10071-006-0019-6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myowa-Yamakoshi, M., & Matsuzawa, T. (1999). Factors influencing imitation of manipulatory actions in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 2, 128–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myowa-Yamakoshi, M., Tomonaga, M., Tanaka, M., & Matsuzawa, T. (2004). Imitation in neonatal chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Developmental Science, 7(4), 437–442.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nagell, K., Olguin, R., & Tomasello, M. (1993). Processes of social learning in the tool use of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and human children (Homo sapiens). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 107, 174–186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nehaniv, C., & Dautenhahn, K. (2002). The correspondence problem. In Dautenhahn, K. & Nehaniv, C. (Eds.), Imitation in animals and artifacts. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 41–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen, N. H., Klein, E. D., & Zentall, T. R. (2005). Imitation of a two-action sequence by pigeons. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12(3), 514–518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Panger, M., Perry, S., Rose, L. M., Gros-Louis, J., Vogel, E., et al. (2000). Cross-site differences in foraging behavior of white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus). American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 119(52–66).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, W., Barnes, J. L., Mahajan, N., Yamaguchi, M., & Santos, L. R. (2009). ‘Unwilling’ versus ‘unable’: Capuchin monkeys’ (Cebus apella) understanding of human intentional action. Developmental Science, 12(6), 938–945. doi: DESC840 [pii] 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00840.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Potts, R. (1998). Variability selection in hominid evolution. Evolutionary Anthropology, 7, 81–96.3.0.CO;2-A>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potts, R. (2004). Paleoenvironmental basis of cognitive evolution in great apes. American Journal of Primatology, 62, 209–228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Povinelli, D. (2000). Folk physics for apes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Raihani, N. J., Grutter, A. S., & Bshary, R. (2010). Punishers benefit from third-party punishment in fish. Science, 327(5962), 171. doi: 327/5962/171 [pii] 10.1126/science.1183068.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ray, E., & Heyes, C. (2011). Imitation in infancy: the wealth of the stimulus. Dev Sci, 14(1), 92–105. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.00961.x.Google Scholar
Reader, S. M., Hager, Y., & Laland, K. N. (2011). The evolution of primate general and cultural intelligence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366(1567), 1017–1027. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0342.Google Scholar
Reader, S. M., & Laland, K. N. (2002). Social intelligence, innovation, and enhanced brain size in primates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(7), 4436–4441. doi: 10.1073/pnas.062041299 062041299 [pii].CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaik, C. P. van, Ancrenaz, M., Borgen, G., Galdikas, B., Knott, C. D., et al. (2003). Orangutan cultures and the evolution of material culture. Science, 299(5603), 102–105. doi: 10.1126/science.1078004.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, A. C., Melis, A. P., & Tomasello, M. (2012). How chimpanzees solve collective action problems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 279(1749), 4946–4954. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2012.1948.Google ScholarPubMed
Seed, A. M., Call, J., Emery, N. J., & Clayton, N. S. (2009). Chimpanzees solve the trap problem when the confound of tool-use is removed. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 1, 23–34.Google Scholar
Snowdon, C. T., & Boe, C. Y. (2003). Social communication about unpalatable foods in tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 117(2), 142–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spelke, E. S., & Kinzler, K. D. (2007). Core knowledge. Developmental Science, 10(1), 89–96. doi: DESC569 [pii] 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00569.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stoeger, A. S., Mietchen, D., Oh, S., de Silva, S., Herbst, C. T., et al. (2012). An Asian elephant imitates human speech. Current Biology, 22(22), 2144–2148. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.022.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Subiaul, F. (2007). The imitation faculty in monkeys: Evaluating its features, distribution and evolution. Journal of Anthropological Sciences, 85, 35–62.Google Scholar
Subiaul, F. (2010). Dissecting the imitation faculty: The multiple imitation mechanisms (MIM) hypothesis. Behavioural Processes, 83(2), 222–234. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2009.12.002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Subiaul, F. (2016). What’s special about human imitation? A comparison with enculturated apes. Behavioral Sciences, 6(16), doi:10.3390/bs6030013.Google Scholar
Subiaul, F., Anderson, S., Brandt, J., & Elkins, J. (2012). Multiple imitation mechanisms in children. Developmental Psychology, 48(4), 1165–1179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Subiaul, F., Cantlon, J. F., Holloway, R. L., & Terrace, H. S. (2004). Cognitive imitation in rhesus macaques. Science, 305(5682), 407–410. doi: 10.1126/science.1099136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Subiaul, F., Lurie, H., Kathryn, R., Klein, T., Holmes, D., & Terrace, H. S. (2007). Cognitive imitation in typically-developing 3- and 4-year olds and individuals with autism. Cognitive Development, 22, 230–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Subiaul, F., Patterson, E. M.,, Barr, R. (2016). The Cognitive Structure of Goal Emulation in Preschool Age Children: Recruitment of multiple learning processes. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 34, 132–149; doi: 10.1111/bjdp.12111.Google Scholar
Subiaul, F., Vonk, J., Okamoto-Barth, S., & Barth, J. (2008). Do chimpanzees learn reputation by observation? Evidence from direct and indirect experience with generous and selfish strangers. Animal Cognition, 11(4), 611–623. doi: 10.1007/s10071-008-0151-6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Subiaul, F., Vonk, J., & Rutherford, M. D. (2011). The ghosts in the computer: The role of agency and animacy attributions in ‘ghost controls’. PLoS One, 6(11), e26429. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Subiaul, F., Winters, K., Krumpak, K., & Core, C. (2015). Vocal overimitation in preschool age children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 41, 145–60.Google Scholar
Tennie, C., Call, J., & Tomasello, M. (2006). Push or pull: Imitation versus emulation in human children and great apes. Ethology, 112, 1159–1169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tennie, C., Call, J., (2009). Ratcheting up the ratchet: On the evolution of cumulative culture. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1528), 2405–2415. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0052.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tennie, C., Call, J., (2010a). Evidence for emulation in chimpanzees in social settings using the floating peanut task. PloS One, 5, e10544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tennie, C., Greve, K., Gretscher, H., & Call, J. (2010b). Two-year-old children copy more reliably and more often than nonhuman great apes in multiple observational learning tasks. Primates: Journal of Primatology, 4, 337–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tennie, C., Hedwig, D., Call, J., & Tomasello, M. (2008). An experimental study of nettle feeding in captive gorillas. American Journal of Primatology, 70(6), 584–593. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20532.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson, D. E., & Russell, J. (2004). The ghost condition: Imitation versus emulation in young children’s observational learning. Developmental Psychology, 40, 882–889.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thorndike, E. L. (1898). Animal intelligence: An experimental study of the associative processes in animals. Psychological Review Monographs Supplement, 2(8).Google Scholar
Thorndike, E. L. (1911). Animal intelligence. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Thorpe, W. H. (1956). Learning and instinct in animals. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. (1990). Cultural transmission in the tool use and communicatory signaling of chimpanzees? In Parker, S. & Gibson, K. (Eds.), ‘Language’ and intelligence in monkeys and apes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 274–311.Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. (2014). A natural history of human thinking. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M., & Call, J. (1997). Primate cognition. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M., Davis-Dasilva, M., Camak, L., & Bard, K. (1987). Observational learning of tool-use by young chimpanzees. Journal of Human Evolution, 2, 175–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visalberghi, E., & Addessi, E. (2000). Seeing group members eating a familiar food enhances the acceptance of novel foods in capuchin monkeys. Animal Behaviour, 1, 69–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visalberghi, E., (2001). Acceptance of novel foods in capuchin monkeys: Do specific social facilitation and visual stimulus enhancement play a role? Animal Behaviour, 62, 567–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visalberghi, E., & Fragaszy, D. M. (1990). Do monkeys ape? In Parker, S. & Gibson, K. (Eds.), ‘Language’ and intelligence in monkeys and apes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 247–273.Google Scholar
Visalberghi, E., Fragaszy, D. M., & Savage-Rumbaugh, S. (1995a). Performance in a tool-using task by common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), bonobos (Pan paniscus), an orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), and capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 109(1), 52–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visalberghi, E., Fragaszy, D. M., (1995b). Performance in a tool-using task by common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), bonobos (Pan paniscus), an orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), and capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 109(1), 52–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voelkl, B., & Huber, L. (2000). True imitation in marmosets. Animal Behaviour, 60(2), 195–202. doi: 10.1006/anbe.2000.1457 S0003-3472(00)91457-X [pii].CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Voelkl, B., (2007). Imitation as faithful copying of a novel technique in marmoset monkeys. PLoS One, 2(7), e611. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000611.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waal, E. van de, Borgeaud, C., & Whiten, A. (2013). Potent social learning and conformity shape a wild primate’s foraging decisions. Science, 340(6131), 483–485. doi: 10.1126/science.1232769.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waal, E. van de, Bshary, R., & Whiten, A. (2014). Wild vervet monkey infants acquire the food-processing variants of their mothers. Animal Behaviour, 90, 41–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waal, E. van de, & Whiten, A. (2012). Spontaneous emergence, imitation and spread of alternative foraging techniques among groups of vervet monkeys. PLoS One, 7(10), e47008. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047008.Google Scholar
Waal, F. B. M. de. (1998). Chimpanzee politics, power and sex among apes. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Whiten, A. (1998). Imitation of the sequential structure of actions by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 112(3), 270–281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whiten, A., Custance, D. M., Gomez, J. C., Teixidor, P., & Bard, K. A. (1996). Imitative learning of artificial fruit processing in children (Homo sapiens) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 1, 3–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whiten, A., Goodall, J., McGrew, W. C., Nishida, T., Reynolds, V., et al. (1999). Cultures in chimpanzees. Nature, 399(6737), 682–685. doi: 10.1038/21415.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whiten, A., & Ham, R. (1992). On the nature and evolution of imitation in the animal kingdom: Reappraisal of a century of research. Advances in the Study of Behavior, 21, 239–283.Google Scholar
Whiten, A., Horner, V., Litchfield, C., & Marshall-Pescini, S. (2004). How do apes ape? Learning and Behavior, 32, 36–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whiten, A., Horner, V., & de Waal, F. B. (2005). Conformity to cultural norms of tool use in chimpanzees. Nature, 437(7059), 737–740. doi: nature04047 [pii] 10.1038/nature04047.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whiten, A., McGuigan, N., Marshall-Pescini, S., & Hopper, L. M. (2009a). Emulation, imitation, over-imitation and the scope of culture for child and chimpanzee. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 364(1528), 2417–2428. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0069.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whiten, A., McGuigan, N., Marshall-Pescini, S., (2009b). Emulation, imitation, over-imitation and the scope of culture for child and chimpanzee. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1528), 2417–2428. doi: 364/1528/2417 [pii] 10.1098/rstb.2009.0069.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wright, B. W., Wright, K. A., Chalk, J., Verderane, M. P., Fragaszy, D., et al. (2009). Fallback foraging as a way of life: Using dietary toughness to compare the fallback signal among capuchins and implications for interpreting morphological variation. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 140(4), 687–699. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zajonc, R. B. (1965). Social facilitation. Science, 149, 269–274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zentall, T. R. (2006). Imitation: Definitions, evidence, and mechanisms. Animal Cognition, 9(4), 335–353. doi: 10.1007/s10071-006-0039-2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zentall, T. R. (2012). Perspectives on observational learning in animals. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 126(2), 114–128. doi: 10.1037/a0025381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Asch, S. E. (1956). Studies of independence and conformity: A minority of one against a unanimous majority. Psychological Monographs, 70, 1–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandura, A. (1997). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575–582.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barrett, J. L., Newman, R. M., & Richert, R. A. (2003). When seeing is not believing: Children’s understanding of humans’ and non-humans’ use of background knowledge in interpreting visual displays. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 3, 91–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrett, J. L., Richert, R. A., & Driesenga, A. (2001). God’s belief versus mother’s: The development of non-human agent concepts. Child Development, 72, 50–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bar-Tal, D. (1996). Development of social categories and stereotyping in early childhood: The case of ‘the Arab’ concept of formation, stereotype, and attitudes by Jewish children in Israel. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 341–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, R., & Richerson, P. (1985). Culture and the evolutionary process. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bulbulia, J., Geertz, A. W., Atkinson, Q. D., Cohen, E., Evan, N., et al. (2013). The cultural evolution of religion. In Richerson, P. J. & Christiansen, M. H. (Eds.), Cultural evolution. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 381–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caldwell, C. A., & Millen, A. E. (2008). Studying cumulative cultural evolution in the laboratory. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363, 3529–3539.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlson, J. M., & Iovini, J. (1985). The transmission of racial attitudes from fathers to sons: A study of Blacks and Whites. Adolescence, 20, 233–237.Google Scholar
Carpenter, M., Akhtar, N., & Tomasello, M. (1998). Fourteen- to 18-month-old infants differentially imitate intentional and accidental actions. Infant Behavior and Development, 21, 315–330.Google Scholar
Carpenter, M., & Call, J. (2002). The chemistry of social learning. Developmental Science, 5(1), 22–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, M., (2009). Comparing the imitative skills of children and nonhuman apes. Revue de Primatologie, 1(1), 187–192.Google Scholar
Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). The chameleon effect: The perception–behavior link and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(6), 893–910.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cialdini, R. B. (2003). Crafting normative messages to protect the environment. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 105–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corriveau, K. H., & Harris, P. L. (2010). Preschoolers (sometimes) defer to the majority in making simple perceptual judgments. Developmental Psychology, 46(2), 437–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duckitt, J. (1988). Normative conformity and racial prejudice in South Africa. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 114, 413–437.Google Scholar
Eckerman, C., Davis, C., & Didow, S. (1989). Toddlers’ emerging ways to achieve social coordination with a peer. Child Development, 60, 440–453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flynn, E., & Whiten, A. (2012). Experimental ‘microcultures’ in young children: Identifying biographic, cognitive, and social predictors of information transmission. Child Development, 83(3), 911–925.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flynn, E., (2013). Dissecting children’s observational learning of complex actions through selective video displays. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 116, 247–263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gimenez-Dasi, M., Guerrero, S., & Harris, P. L. (2005). Intimations of immortality and omni-science in early childhood. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2, 285–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guerrero, S., Enesco, I., & Harris, P. L. (2010). Oxygen and the soul: Children’s conception of invisible entities. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 10, 123–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haidt, J. (2012). The righteous mind. Why good people are divided by politics and religion. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Harris, P. L., Pasquini, E. S., Duke, S., Asscher, J. J., & Pons, F. (2006). Germs and angels: The role of testimony in young children’s ontology. Developmental Science, 9(1), 76–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haslam, N., Rothschild, L., & Ernst, D. (2002). Are essentialist beliefs associated with prejudice? Behavioral Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 87–100.Google ScholarPubMed
Haun, D. B., and Tomasello, M. (2011). Conformity to peer pressure in preschool children. Child Development, 82(6), 1759–1767.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herrmann, P. A., Legare, C. H., Harris, P. L., and Whitehouse, H. (2013). Stick to the script: The effect of witnessing multiple actors on children’s imitation. Cognition, 129, 536–543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heyes, C. (2013). What can imitation do for cooperation? In Sterelny, K., Joyce, R., Calcott, B., & Fraser, B. (Eds.), Cooperation and its evolution. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 501–523.Google Scholar
Horner, V., & Whiten, A. (2005). Causal knowledge and imitation/emulation switching in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and children (Homo sapiens). Animal Cognition, 8(3), 164–181.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kenward, B. (2012). Over-imitating preschoolers believe unnecessary actions are normative and enforce their performance by a third party. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 112, 195–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keupp, S., Behne, T., & Rakoczy, H. (2013). Why do children overimitate? Normativity is crucial. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 116, 392–406.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lakin, J., & Chartrand, T. L. (2003). Using nonconscious behavioral mimicry to create affiliation and rapport. Psychological Science, 14, 334–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laland, K. N., & Hoppitt, W. (2003). Do animals have culture? Evolutionary Anthropology, 12, 150–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luncz, L. V., Mundry, R., & Boesch, C. (2012). Evidence for cultural differences between neighboring chimpanzee communities. Current Biology, 22(10), 922–926.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lyons, D. E., Young, A. G., & Keil, F. C. (2007). The hidden structure of overimitation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 19751–19756.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzoff, A. N. (1995). Understanding the intentions of others: Re-enactment of intended acts by 18-month-old children. Developmental Psychology, 31, 838–850.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mosher, D. L., & Scodel, A. (1960). Relationships between ethnocentrism in children and the ethnocentrism and authoritarianism rearing practices of their mothers. Child Development, 31, 369–376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nadel, J. (2002 ). Imitation and imitation recognition: Functional use in preverbal infants and nonverbal children with autism. In Meltzoff, A. N. & Prinz, W. (Eds.), The imitative mind: Development, evolution, and brain bases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 42–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagell, K., Olguin, R. S., & Tomasello, M. (1993). Processes of social learning in the tool use of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and human children (Homo sapiens). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 107(2), 174–186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nielsen, M. (2006). Copying actions and copying outcomes: Social learning through the second year. Developmental Psychology, 42, 555–565.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nielsen, M. (2009). The imitative behavior of children and chimpanzees: A window on the transmission of cultural traditions. Revue de Primatology [online], 1. doi : 10.4000/primatologie.254.Google Scholar
Nielsen, M., & Blank, C. (2011). Imitation in young children: When who gets copied is more important than what gets copied. Developmental Psychology, 47, 1050–1053.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nielsen, M., Subiaul, F., Whiten, A., Galef, B., & Zentall, T. (2012). Social learning in humans and non-human animals: Theoretical and empirical dissections. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 126, 109–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, M., & Tomaselli, K. (2010). Over-imitation in Kalahari Bushman children and the origins of human cultural cognition. Psychological Science, 21, 729–736.Google Scholar
Olson, K. R., Dweck, C. S., Spelke, E. S., & Banaji, M. R. (2011). Children’s responses to group-based inequalities: Perpetuation and rectification. Social Cognition, 29(2), 270–287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Over, H., & Carpenter, M. (2009). Priming third-party ostracism increases affiliative imitation in children. Developmental Science, 12, F1–F8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Over, H., (2012). Putting the social into social learning: Explaining both selectivity and fidelity in children’s copying behavior. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 126, 182–192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Over, H., (2013). The social side of imitation. Child Development Perspectives, 7, 6–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rakoczy, H., Warneken, F., & Tomasello, M. (2008). The sources of normativity: Young children’s awareness of the normative structure of games. Developmental Psychology, 44(3), 875–881.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rhodes, M., Leslie, S., & Tworek, C. M. (2012). Cultural transmission of social essentialism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(34), 13526–13531.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaik, J. E. van, van Baaren, R., Bekkering, H., & Hunnius, S. (2013). Evidence for nonconscious behavior-copying in young children. In Knauff, M., Pauen, M., Sebanz, N., & Wachsmuth, I. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society, 1516–1521.Google Scholar
Sinclair, S., Dunn, E., & Lowery, B. (2005). The relationship between parental racial attitudes and children’s implicit prejudice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41(3), 283–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tennie, C., Call, J., & Tomasello, M. (2009). Ratcheting up the ratchet: On the evolution of cumulative culture. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364, 2405–2415.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thorpe, W. H. (1956). Learning and instinct in animals. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. (1994). The question of chimpanzee culture. In Wrangham, R. et al. (Eds.), Chimpanzee cultures. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 301–317.Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. (1999). The cultural origins of human cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Tomasello, M., Kruger, A. C., & Ratner, H. H. (1993). Cultural learning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16, 495–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, J. C. (1991). Social influence. Buckingham: Open University Press; Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.Google Scholar
Uskul, A. K., Cross, S. E., Alozkan, C., Gercek-Swing, B., Ataca, B., et al. (2014). Emotional responses to honor situations in Turkey and the northern USA. Cognition and Emotion, 28, 1057–1075.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uzgiris, I. C. (1981). Two functions of imitation during infancy. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 4, 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson-Jones, R. E., Legare, C. H., Whitehouse, H., & Clegg, J. M. (2014). Task-specific effects of ostracism on imitation in early childhood. Evolution and Human Behavior, 35, 204–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitehouse, H. (2012). Religion, cohesion and hostility. In Clarke, S., Powell, R., & Savulescu, J. (Eds.), Religion, intolerance and conflict: A scientific and conceptual investigation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 36–47.Google Scholar
Whitehouse, H., & Cohen, E. (2012). Seeking a rapprochement between anthropology and the cognitive sciences: A problem-driven approach. Topics in Cognitive Science, 4(3), 404–412.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whiten, A., & Boesch, C. (2001). The cultures of chimpanzees. Scientific America, 284(1), 48–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whiten, A., McGuigan, N., Marshall-Pescini, S., & Hopper, L. M. (2009). Emulation, imitation, overimitaiton and the scope of culture for child and chimpanzee. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364, 2417–2428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Amodio, D. M., & Frith, C. D. (2006). Meeting of minds: The medial frontal cortex and social cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 268–277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Apperly, I. A., & Butterfill, S. A. (2009). Do humans have two systems to track beliefs and belief-like states? Psychological Review, 116, 753–970.Google ScholarPubMed
Baaren, R. B. van, Holland, R. W., Kawakami, K., & van Knippenberg, A. (2004). Mimicry and prosocial behavior. Psychological Science, 15, 71–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bailenson, J., & Yee, N. (2005). Digital chameleons: Automatic assimilation of nonverbal gestures in immersive virtual environments. Psychological Science, 16, 814–819.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bardi, L., & Brass, M. (submitted). TPJ-M1 interaction in the control of shared representations: new insights from tDCS and TMS combined.Google Scholar
Bastiaansen, J. A, Thioux, M., & Keysers, C. (2009). Evidence for mirror systems in emotions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1528), 2391–404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bavelas, J. B., Black, A., Lemery, C. R., & Mullett, J. (1986). I show how you feel: Motor mimicry as a communicative act. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 322–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bird, G., Leighton, J., Press, C., & Heyes, C. (2007). Intact automatic imitation of human and robot actions in autism spectrum disorders. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 1628, 3027–3031.Google Scholar
Blakemore, S. J., & Frith, C. (2005). The role of motor contagion in the prediction of action. Neuropsychologia, 43(2), 260–267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Botvinick, M. M., Cohen, J. D., & Carter, C. S. (2004). Conflict monitoring and anterior cingulate cortex: An update. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 539–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brass, M., Bekkering, H., Wohlschläger, A., & Prinz, W. (2000). Compatibility between observed and executed finger movements: Comparing symbolic, spatial, and imitative cues. Brain & Cognition, 44(2), 124–143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brass, M., Derrfuss, J., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2005). The inhibition of imitative and overlearned responses: A functional double dissociation. Neuropsychologia, 43(1), 89–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brass, M., Derrfuss, J., Matthes-von Cramon, G., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2003). Imitative response tendencies in patients with frontal brain lesions. Neuropsychology, 17, 265–271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brass, M., & Heyes, C. (2005). Imitation: Is cognitive neuroscience solving the correspondence problem? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(10), 489–495.Google Scholar
Brass, M., Ruby, P., & Spengler, S. (2009). Inhibition of imitative behaviour and social cognition. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364, 2359–2367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brass, M., Zysset, S., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2001). The inhibition of imitative response tendencies. NeuroImage, 14(6), 1416–1423.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castelli, F., Frith, C., Happe, F., & Frith, U. (2002). Autism, Asperger syndrome and brain mechanisms for the attribution of mental states to animated shapes. Brain, 125, 1839–1849.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). The chameleon effect: The perception–behavior link and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(6), 893–910.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chartrand, T. L., & Lakin, J. L. (2013). The antecedents and consequences of human behavioral mimicry. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 285–308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chartrand, T. L., & van Baaren, R. (2009). Human mimicry. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 219–274.Google Scholar
Cook, J., & Bird, G. (2011). Social attitudes modulate imitation in adolescents and adults. Experimental Brain Research, 211(3–4), 1045–1051.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cook, J. L. & Bird, G. (2012). Atypical social modulation of imitation in autism spectrum conditions. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(6), 1045–1051.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cook, R., Bird, G., Catmur, C., Press, C., & Heyes, C. (2014). Mirror neurons: From origin to function. Behavioral Brain Science, 37(2), 177–192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Costa, A., Torriero, S., Olivieri, M., & Caltagirone, C. (2008). Prefrontal and temporo-parietal involvement in taking others’ perspective: TMS evidence. Behavioural Neurology, 19, 71–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Craighero, L., Bello, A., Fadiga, L., & Rizzolatti, G. (2002). Hand action preparation influences the responses to hand pictures. Neuropsychologia, 40(5), 492–502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Damasio, A., & Meyer, K. (2008). Behind the looking-glass. Nature, 454, 167–168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dapretto, M., Davies, M. S., Pfeifer, J. H., Scott, A. A., Sigman, M., et al. (2006). Understanding emotions in others: Mirror neuron dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorders. Nature Neuroscience, 9, 28–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Decety, J., & Grèzes, J. (2006). The power of simulation: Imagining one’s own and other’s behavior. Brain Research, 1079(1), 4–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Coster, L., Verschuere, B., Goubert, L., Tsakiris, M., & Brass, M. (2013). I suffer more from your pain when you act like me: Being imitated enhances affective responses to seeing someone else in pain. Cognitive and Affective Behavioral Neuroscience, 13(3), 519–532.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Renzi, E., Cavalleri, F., & Facchini, S. (1996). Imitation and utilisation behaviour. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 61(4), 396–400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dimberg, U., Thunberg, M., & Elmenhed, K. (2000). Unconscious facial reactions to emotional facial expressions. Psychological Science, 11, 86–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dinstein, I., Thomas, C., Behrmann, M., & Heeger, D. J. (2008). A mirror up to nature. Current Biology, 18, R13–R18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Pavesi, G., & Rizzolatti, G. (1995). Motor facilitation during action observation: A magnetic stimulation study. Journal of Neurophysiology, 73, 2608–2611.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farrer, C., Franck, N., Georgieff, N., Frith, C. D., Decety, J., & Jeannerod, M. (2003). Modulating the experience of agency: A positron emission tomography study. NeuroImage, 18(2), 324–333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frith, C. (2003). What do imaging studies tell us about the neural basis of autism? Novartis Foundation Symposium, Discussion 166–176, 281–197.Google ScholarPubMed
Frith, C. (2004). Is autism a disconnection disorder? The Lancet: Neurology, 10, 577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frith, C. D., Blakemore, S. J., & Wolpert, D. M. (2000). Abnormalities in the awareness and control of action. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 1404, 1771–1788.Google Scholar
Frith, C. D., & Frith, U. (1999). Interacting minds: Biological basis. Science, 286, 1692–1695.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frith, C. D., (2006). The neural basis of mentalizing. Neuron, 50(4), 531–534.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frith, C. D., (2008). Implicit and explicit processes in social cognition. Neuron, 6, 503–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallese, V. (2003). The manifold nature of interpersonal relations: The quest for a common mechanism. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 358, 517–528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallese, V., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., & Rizzolatti, G. (1996). Action recognition in the premotor cortex. Brain, 119(2), 593–609.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallese, V., & Goldman, A. (1998). Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2(12), 493–501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. (2009). The observation and execution of actions share motor and somatosensory voxels in all tested subjects: Single-subject analyses of unsmoothed fMRI data. Cerebral Cortex, 19(6), 1239–1255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geng, J., & Vossel, S. (2013). Re-evaluating the role of TPJ in attentional control: Contextual updating? Neuroscience Behavioral Review, 37(10), 2608–2620.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Genschow, O., & Brass, M. (2015). The predictive chameleon: Evidence for anticipated social action. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, 265–268.Google Scholar
Grèzes, J., & Decety, J. (2001). Functional anatomy of execution, mental simulation, observation, and verb generation of actions: A meta-analysis. Human Brain Mapping, 12(1), 1–19.3.0.CO;2-V>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, A. F. (2008). Emulation and mimicry for social interaction: A theoretical approach to imitation in autism. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 101–115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harleß, E. (1861). Der Apparat des Willens [The apparatus of will]. Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik, 38(2), 50–73.Google Scholar
Helt, M. S., Eigsti, I. M., Snyder, P. J., & Fein, D. A. (2010). Contagious yawning in autistic and typical development. Child Development, 81(5), 1620–1631.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heyes, C. (2010). Where do mirror neurons come from? Neuroscience Behavioral Review, 34, 575–583.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heyes, C. (2011). Automatic imitation. Psychological Bulletin, 137(3), 463–483.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hurley, S. (2008). The shared circuits model (SCM): How control, mirroring, and simulation can enable imitation, deliberation, and mindreading. Behavioural Brain Research, 31(1), 1–22.Google ScholarPubMed
James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Jeannerod, M. (1999). To act or not to act: Perspectives on the representation of actions. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 52, 1–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jeannerod, M. (2004). Visual and action cues contribute to the self–other distinction. Nature Neuroscience, 7(5), 422–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2010). Social neuroscience: Mirror neurons recorded in humans. Current Biology, 20(8), R354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keysers, C., & Perrett, D. I. (2004). Demystifying social cognition: A Hebbian perspective. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(11), 501–507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kilner, J. M., Paulignan, Y., & Blakemore, S. J. (2003). An interference effect of observed biological movement on action. Current Biology, 13(6), 522–525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kovács, A. M., Téglas, E., & Endress, A. D. (2010). The social sense: Susceptibility to others’ beliefs in human infants and adults. Science, 330, 1830–1834.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lakin, J. L., & Chartrand, T. L. (2003). Using nonconscious behavioral mimicry to create affiliation and rapport. Psychological Science, 14, 334–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lhermitte, F., Pillon, B., & Serdaru, M. (1986). Human autonomy and the frontal lobes. Part I. Imitation and utilization behavior: A neuropsychological study of 75 patients. Annals of Neurology, 19(4), 326–334.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leighton, J., Bird, G., & Heyes, C. M. (2010). ‘Goals’ are not an integral component of imitation. Cognition, 114, 423–435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liepelt, R., von Cramon, D. Y., & Brass, M. (2008). What is matched in direct matching? Intention attribution modulates motor priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34(3), 578–591.Google ScholarPubMed
Lotze, R. H. (1852). Medicinische psychologie oder physiologie der seele Weidmann. Leipzig: Weidmann.Google Scholar
Low, J., & Watts, J. (2013). Attributing false beliefs about object identity reveals a signature blind spot in humans’ efficient mind-reading system. Psychological Science, 24(3), 305–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Massen, C., & Prinz, W. (2009). Movements, actions and tool-use actions: An ideomotor approach to imitation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1528), 2349–2358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzoff, A. N., & Decety, J. (2003). What imitation tells us about social cognition: A rapprochement between developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 358(1431), 491–500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitchell, J. P., Macrae, C. N., & Banaji, M. R. (2006). Dissociable medial prefrontal contributions to judgments of similar and dissimilar others. Neuron, 50, 655–663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Northoff, G., & Bermpohl, F. (2004). Cortical midline structures and the self. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(3), 102–107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Onishi, K. H., & Baillargeon, R. (2005). Do 15-month-old infants understand false beliefs? Science, 308, 255–258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perner, J., & Lang, B. (1999). Development of theory of mind and executive control. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3(9), 337–344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prinz, W. (1997). Perception and action planning. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 9, 129–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prinz, W. (2002). Experimental approaches to imitation. In Meltzoff, A. N. & Prinz, W. (Eds.), In The imitative mind: Development, evolution, and brain bases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 143–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rizzolatti, G., & Craighero, L. (2004). The mirror-neuron system. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 27, 169–192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (1996). Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Brain Research: Cognitive Brain Research, 3, 131–141.Google ScholarPubMed
Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2001). Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2(9), 661–670.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ruby, P., & Decety, J. (2003). What you believe versus what you think they believe: A neuroimagi ng study of conceptual perspective-taking. European Journal of Neuroscience, 17(11), 2475–2480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, J. (1997). Autism as an executive disorder. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rutter, M. (1974). The development of infantile autism. Psychological Medicine, 4, 147–163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Samson, D., Apperly, I. A., Braithwaite, J. J., Andrews, B. J., & Bodley Scott, S. E. (2010). Seeing it their way: Evidence for rapid and involuntary computation of what other people see. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 36, 1255–1266.Google ScholarPubMed
Santiesteban, I., Banissy, M. J., Catmur, C., & Bird, G. (2012a). Enhancing social ability by stimulating right temporoparietal junction. Current Biology, 22(23), 2274–2277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Santiesteban, I., White, S., Cook, J., Gilbert, S. J., Heyes, C., & Bird, G. (2012b). Training social cognition: From imitation to theory of mind. Cognition, 122(2), 228–235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saxe, R., & Kanwisher, N. (2003). People thinking about thinking people: fMRI investigations of theory of mind. NeuroImage, 9, 1835–1842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schurz, M., Radua, J., Aichorn, M., Richlan, F., & Perner, J. (2014). Fractionating theory of mind: A meta-analysis of functional brain imaging studies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 42, 9–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Southgate, V., & Hamilton, A. F. (2008). Unbroken mirrors: Challenging a theory of autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 225–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Southgate, V., Senju, A., & Csibra, G. (2007). Action anticipation through attribution of false belief by 2-year-olds. Psychological Science, 18, 587–592.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sowden, S., & Catmur, C. (2013). The role of the right temporoparietal junction in the control of imitation. Cerebral Cortex, 4, 1107–1113.Google ScholarPubMed
Spengler, S., von Cramon, D.Y., & Brass, M. (2009a). Control of shared representations relies on key processes involved in mental state attribution. Human Brain Mapping, 30(11), 3704–3718.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spengler, S., von Cramon, D.Y., & Brass, M. (2009b). Was it me or was it you? How the sense of agency originates from ideomotor learning revealed by fMRI. NeuroImage, 46(1), 290–298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spengler, S., von Cramon, D. Y., (2010). Resisting motor mimicry: Control of imitation involves processes central to social cognition in patients with frontal and temporo-parietal lesions. Social Neuroscience, 5(4), 401–416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sperduti, M., Fossati, P., Delaveau, P., & Nadel, J. (2011). Different brain structures related to self- and external-agency attribution: A brief review and meta-analysis. Brain Structure and Function, 216, 151–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Surian, L., Caldi, S., & Sperber, D. (2007). Attribution of beliefs to 13-month-old infants. Psychological Science, 18, 580–586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tiedens, L. Z., & Fragale, A. R. (2003). Power moves: Complementarity in dominant and submissive nonverbal behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 558–568.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, Y., & Hamilton, A. F de C. (2012). Social top-down response modulation (STORM): A model of the control of mimicry in social interaction. Frontiers in Human Neroscience, 6, 153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, J. H., Waiter, G. D., Gilchrist, A., Perrett, D. I., Murray, A. D., & Whiten, A. (2006). Neural mechanisms of imitation and ‘mirror neuron’ functioning in autistic spectrum disorder. Neuropsychologia, 44, 610–621.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, J. H., Whiten, A., & Singh, T. (2004). A systematic review of action imitation in autistic spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 3, 285–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, J. H., Whiten, A., Suddendorf, T., & Perrett, D. I. (2001). Imitation, mirror neurons and autism. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 25(4), 287–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wimmer, H., & Perner, J. (1983). Beliefs about beliefs: Representations and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children’s understanding of deception. Cognition, 13, 103–128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolpert, D. M., Ghahramani, Z., & Jordan, M. I. (1995). An internal model for sensorimotor integration. Science, 269, 1880–1882.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, L., Camprodon, J. A., Hauser, M., Pasqual-Leone, A., & Saxe, R. (2010). Disruption of the right temporoparietal junction with transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces the role of beliefs in moral judgments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(15), 6752–6758.Google ScholarPubMed

References

Ashton-James, C., & Chartrand, T. L. (2009). Social cues for creativity: The impact of behavioral mimicry on convergent and divergent thinking. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(4), 1036–1040.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baaren, R. B. van, Fockenberg, D. A., Holland, R. W., Janssen, L., & van Knippenberg, A. (2006). The moody chameleon: The effect of mood on non-conscious mimicry. Social Cognition, 24(4), 426–437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baaren, R. B. van, Maddux, W. W., Chartrand, T. L., de Bouter, C., & van Knippenberg, A. (2003). It takes two to mimic: Behavioral consequences of self-construals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5), 1093–1102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bourgeois, P., & Hess, U. (2008). The impact of social context on mimicry. Biological Psychology, 77(3), 343–352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brass, M., Bekkering, H., & Prinz, W. (2001). Movement observation affects movement execution in a simple response task. Acta Psychologica, 106(1–2), 3–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brass, M., Ruby, P., & Spengler, S. (2009). Inhibition of imitative behaviour and social cognition. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1528), 2359–2367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buccino, G., Baumgaertner, A., Colle, L., Buechel, C., Rizzolatti, G., & Binkofski, F. (2007). The neural basis for understanding non-intended actions. NeuroImage, 36(Suppl. 2), T119–T127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buccino, G., Binkofski, F., Fink, G. R., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., et al. (2001). Action observation activates premotor and parietal areas in a somatotopic manner: An fMRI study. European Journal of Neuroscience, 13(2), 400–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buccino, G., Binkofski, F., & Riggio, L. (2004). The mirror neuron system and action recognition. Brain and Language, 89(2), 370–376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calvo-Merino, B., Glaser, D. E., Grèzes, J., Passingham, R. E., & Haggard, P. (2005). Action observation and acquired motor skills: an FMRI study with expert dancers. Cerebral Cortex, 15(8), 1243–1249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Catmur, C., & Heyes, C. (2013). Is it what you do, or when you do it? The roles of contingency and similarity in pro-social effects of imitation. Cognitive Science, 37(8), 1541–1552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catmur, C., Walsh, V., & Heyes, C. (2009). Associative sequence learning: The role of experience in the development of imitation and the mirror system. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1528), 2369–2380.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). The chameleon effect: The perception–behavior link and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(6), 893–910.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chartrand, T. L., & Lakin, J. L. (2013). The antecedents and consequences of human behavioral mimicry. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 285–308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chartrand, T. L., & Van Baaren, R. (2009). Human mimicry. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 219–274.Google Scholar
Cheng, C. M., & Chartrand, T. L. (2003). Self-monitoring without awareness: Using mimicry as a nonconscious affiliation strategy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(6), 1170–1179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cisek, P. (2007). Cortical mechanisms of action selection: The affordance competition hypothesis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 362(1485), 1585–1599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cook, J., & Bird, G. (2011). Social attitudes differentially modulate imitation in adolescents and adults. Experimental Brain Research, 211(3–4), 601–612.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cook, R., Bird, G., Catmur, C., Press, C., & Heyes, C. (2014). Mirror neurons: From origin to function. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 37(2), 177–192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cross, E. S., Hamilton, A. F., Kraemer, D. J., Kelley, W. M., & Grafton, S. T. (2009a). Dissociable substrates for body motion and physical experience in the human action observation network. European Journal of Neuroscience, 30(7), 1383–1392.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cross, E. S., Kraemer, D. J., Hamilton, A. F., Kelley, W. M., & Grafton, S. T. (2009b). Sensitivity of the action observation network to physical and observational learning. Cerebral Cortex, 19(2), 315–326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dalton, A. N., Chartrand, T. L., & Finkel, E. J. (2010). The schema-driven chameleon: How mimicry affects executive and self-regulatory resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(4), 605–617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. (2002). Very happy people. Psychological Science, 13(1), 81–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fadiga, L., Craighero, L., & Olivier, E. (2005). Human motor cortex excitability during the perception of others’ action. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15(2), 213–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Pavesi, G., & Rizzolatti, G. (1995). Motor facilitation during action observation: A magnetic stimulation study. Journal of Neurophysiology, 73(6), 2608–2611.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fourkas, A. D., Avenanti, A., Urgesi, C., & Aglioti, S. M. (2006). Corticospinal facilitation during first and third person imagery. Experimental Brain Research, 168(1–2), 143–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frith, C. D., & Frith, U. (2006). The neural basis of mentalizing. Neuron, 50(4), 531–534.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenwald, A. G. (1970). Sensory feedback mechanisms in performance control: With special reference to the ideo-motor mechanism. Psychological Review, 77(2), 73–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guéguen, N., & Martin, A. (2009). Incidental similarity facilitates behavioral mimicry. Social Psychology, 40(2), 88–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guéguen, N., Martin, A., Meineri, S., & Simon, J. (2013). Using mimicry to elicit answers to intimate questions in survey research. Field Methods, 25(1), 47–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hallett, M. (2007). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: A primer. Neuron, 55(2), 187–199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heiser, M., Iacoboni, M., Maeda, F., Marcus, J., & Mazziotta, J. C. (2003). The essential role of Broca’s area in imitation. European Journal of Neuroscience, 17(5), 1123–1128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herwig, A., Prinz, W., & Waszak, F. (2007). Two modes of sensorimotor integration in intention-based and stimulus-based actions. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 60(11), 1540–1554.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heyes, C. (2011). Automatic imitation. Psychological Bulletin, 137(3), 463–483.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hogeveen, J., Chartrand, T. L., & Obhi, S. S. (2014a). Social mimicry enhances mu-suppression during action observation. Cerebral Cortex. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhu016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogeveen, J., Inzlicht, M., & Obhi, S. S. (2013). Power changes how the brain responds to others. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2, 755–762.Google Scholar
Hogeveen, J., Inzlicht, M., (2014b). Power changes how the brain responds to others. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(2), 755–762.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hogeveen, J., & Obhi, S. S. (2012). Social interaction enhances motor resonance for observed human actions. Journal of Neuroscience, 32 (17), 5984–5989.Google Scholar
Hogeveen, J., Obhi, S. S., Banissy, M. J., et al. (2014c). Task-dependent and distinct roles of the temporoparietal junction and inferior frontal cortex in the control of imitation. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10(7), 1003–1009.Google ScholarPubMed
Honk, J. van, Schutter, D. J., D’alfonso, A. A., Kessels, R. P., & de Haan, E. H. (2002). 1 hz rTMS over the right prefrontal cortex reduces vigilant attention to unmasked but not to masked fearful faces. Biological Psychiatry, 52(4), 312–317.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iacoboni, M. (2008). Mirroring people. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.Google Scholar
Iacoboni, M. (2009). Neurobiology of imitation. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 19(6), 661–665.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iacoboni, M., & Mazziotta, J. C. (2007). Mirror neuron system: Basic findings and clinical applications. Annals of Neurology, 62(3), 213–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iacoboni, M., Woods, R. P., Brass, M., Bekkering, H., Mazziotta, J. C., & Rizzolatti, G. (1999a). Cortical mechanisms of human imitation. Science, 5449, 2526–2528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iacoboni, M., Woods, R. P., Brass, M., Bekkering, H., Mazziotta, J. C., (1999b). Cortical mechanisms of human imitation. Science, 5449, 2526–2528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inzlicht, M., Gutsell, J. N., & Legault, L. (2012). Mimicry reduces racial prejudice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(1), 361–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology. New York: Holt.Google Scholar
Kaplan, J. T., & Iacoboni, M. (2006). Getting a grip on other minds: Mirror neurons, intention understanding, and cognitive empathy. Society of Neuroscience, 1(3–4), 175–183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knoblich, G., & Sebanz, N. (2006). The social nature of perception and action. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(3), 99–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knuf, L., Aschersleben, G., & Prinz, W. (2001). An analysis of ideomotor action. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 130, 779–798.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kouzakova, M., van Baaren, R., & van Knippenberg, A. (2010). Lack of behavioral imitation in human interactions enhances salivary cortisol levels. Hormones and Behavior, 57(4–5), 421–426.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kühn, S., Müller, B. C., van Baaren, R. B., Wietzker, A., Dijksterhuis, A., & Brass, M. (2010). Why do I like you when you behave like me? Neural mechanisms mediating positive consequences of observing someone being imitated. Society of Neuroscience, 5(4), 384–392.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lakin, J. L., & Chartrand, T. L. (2003). Using nonconscious behavioral mimicry to create affiliation and rapport. Psychological Science, 14(4), 334–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lakin, J. L., Chartrand, T. L., & Arkin, R. M. (2008). I am too just like you: Nonconscious mimicry as an automatic behavioral response to social exclusion. Psychological Science, 19(8), 816–822.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leighton, J., & Heyes, C. (2010). Hand to mouth: Automatic imitation across effector systems. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 36(5), 1174–183.Google ScholarPubMed
Losin, E. A., Cross, K. A., Iacoboni, M., & Dapretto, M. (2014). Neural processing of race during imitation: Self-similarity versus social status. Human Brain Mapping, 35(4), 1723–1739.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Losin, E. A., Iacoboni, M., Martin, A., Cross, K. A., & Dapretto, M. (2012). Race modulates neural activity during imitation. NeuroImage, 59(4), 3594–3603.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Magistris, M. R., Rösler, K. M., Truffert, A., & Myers, J. P. (1998). Transcranial stimulation excites virtually all motor neurons supplying the target muscle: A demonstration and a method improving the study of motor-evoked potentials. Brain, 121, 437–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Massey, D. S. (2002). A brief history of human society: The origin and role of emotion in social life. American Sociological Review, 67(1), 1–29.Google Scholar
McIntosh, D. N. (2006). Spontaneous facial mimicry, liking and emotional contagion. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 37(1), 31–42.Google Scholar
Naish, K. R., Houston-Price, C., Bremner, A. J., & Holmes, N. P. (2014). Effects of action observation on corticospinal excitability: Muscle specificity, direction, and timing of the mirror response. Neuropsychologia, 64C, 331–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oberman, L. M., Ramachandran, V. S., & Pineda, J. A. (2008). Modulation of mu suppression in children with autism spectrum disorders in response to familiar or unfamiliar stimuli: The mirror neuron hypothesis. Neuropsychologia, 46(5), 1558–1565.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Obhi, S. S., Haggard, P., Taylor, J., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2002). rTMS to the supplementary motor area disrupts bimanual coordination. Motor Control, 6(4), 319–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Obhi, S. S., Hogeveen, J., Giacomin, M., & Jordan, C. H. (2014). Automatic imitation is reduced in narcissists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 40(3), 920–928.Google ScholarPubMed
Obhi, S. S., Hogeveen, J., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2011). Resonating with others: The effects of self-construal type on motor cortical output. Journal of Neuroscience, 31(41), 14531–14535.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pineda, J. A. (2005) The functional significance of mu rhythms: Translating ‘seeing’ and ‘hearing’ into ‘doing’. Brain Research Reviews, 50(1), 57–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Press, C., Gillmeister, H., & Heyes, C. (2007). Sensorimotor experience enhances automatic imitation of robotic action. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274(1625), 2509–2514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prinz, W. (2005). An ideomotor approach to imitation. In Hurley, S., & Chater, N. (Eds.), Perspectives on imitation: From neuroscience to social science (Vol. 1). Cambridge, MA, US: MIT Press, 141–156.Google Scholar
Qin, P., & Northoff, G. (2011). How is our self related to midline regions and the default-mode network? NeuroImage, 57(3), 1221–1233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Redeker, M., Stel, M., & Mastop, J. (2011). Does mimicking others change your self-view? Journal of Social Psychology, 151(4), 387–390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Gallese, V., & Fogassi, L. (1996). Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive Brain Research, 3(2), 131–141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Santiesteban, I., Banissy, M. J., Catmur, C., & Bird, G. (2012). Enhancing social ability by stimulating right temporoparietal junction. Current Biology, 22(23), 2274–2277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sartori, L., Betti, S., & Castiello, U. (2013). Corticospinal excitability modulation during action observation. Journal of Visualized Experiments, (82). doi: 10.3791/51001.Google ScholarPubMed
Sparenberg, P., Topolinski, S., Springer, A., & Prinz, W. (2012). Minimal mimicry: Mere effector matching induces preference. Brain and Cognition, 80(3), 291–300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spengler, S., von Cramon, D. Y., & Brass, M. (2009). Control of shared representations relies on key processes involved in mental state attribution. Human Brain Mapping, 30(11), 3704–3718.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stel, M., & Harinck, F. (2011). Being mimicked makes you a prosocial voter. Experimental Psychology, 1, 79–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stel, M., van den Bos, K., Sim, S., & Rispens, S. (2013). Mimicry and just world beliefs: Mimicking makes men view the world as more personally just. British Journal of Social Psychology, 52(3), 397–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ulzen, N. R. van, Fiorio, M., & Cesari, P. (2013). Motor resonance evoked by observation of subtle nonverbal behavior. Society of Neuroscience, 8(4), 347–355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Swol, L. M., & Drury, M. (2006). The effects of shared opinions on nonverbal mimicry. Paper presented at Annual International Communication Association Conference, Dresden, Germany.Google Scholar
Wang, Y., & Hamilton, A. F. (2012). Social top-down response modulation (STORM): A model of the control of mimicry in social interaction. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Y., Newport, R., & Hamilton, A. F. (2011). Eye contact enhances mimicry of intransitive hand movements. Biology Letters, 7(1), 7–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolpert, D. M., & Flanagan, J. R. (2001). Motor prediction. Current Biology, 11(18), R729–R732.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yabar, Y., Johnston, L., Miles, L., & Peace, V. (2006). Implicit behavioral mimicry: Investigating the impact of group membership. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 30(3), 97–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, J. J., & Shapiro, M. L. (2011). The orbitofrontal cortex and response selection. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1239, 25–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×