Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T04:32:10.434Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 22 - Academic Forensic Psychiatry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 June 2024

Mary Davoren
Affiliation:
Broadmoor Hospital and West London NHS Trust
Harry G. Kennedy
Affiliation:
Trinity College Dublin
Get access

Summary

Forensic psychiatry, of all the specialties in medicine, needs its own strong academic core. Academic forensic psychiatry is founded in scientific research, with its systematic approach to making and recording observations, formulating hypotheses from them, testing those hypotheses with new observations and accumulating the most comprehensive picture possible in a way that is transparent and replicable. An academic approach supports application of scientific principles as strongly in the individual case as in developing relevant collective knowledge, is able to make links between them and can communicate all this effectively within and outside the specialty. This requires highly developed and defined specialist training. Academic forensic psychiatry in this sense is the business of all forensic psychiatrists. In order for forensic psychiatry to thrive, however, it is vital that some forensic psychiatrists further specialise in academic work in terms of additional training, time and immersion in skills that support accurate scientific questioning and testing and, ultimately, the capacity to innovate and keep this cycle active.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

R v Ivor Bell [2019] NICC 20. Ref: OHA11086

R v Clark [2003] RWCA Crim 1020

R v Cleland [2020] EWCA Crim 906

R v Edwards [2018] EWCA Crim 595

R v Fisher [2019] EWCA Crim 1066, 2019 WL 02551700

R v Fuller [2016] EWCA Crim 1867

X v UK 7215/75 [1981] ECHR 6

R v Vowles; R (Vowles) v SSJ [2015] EWCA Crim 45, [2015] EWCA Civ 56 [2015]

Medical Schools Council. Survey of Medical Academic Clinical Staffing Levels, 2018. www.medschools.ac.uk/media/2491/msc-clinical-academic-survey-report-2018.pdf.Google Scholar
Academy of Medical Sciences. Transforming Health through Innovation: Integrating the NHS and Academia, 2020. https://acmedsci.ac.uk/file-download/23932583.Google Scholar
Home Office. Report of the Committee on Mentally Abnormal Offenders [Butler]. London, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1975, Cmnd 6244.Google Scholar
Home Office. Review of Health and Social Services for Mentally Disorder Offenders and Others Requiring Similar Services [Reed]. London, HMSO, 1992, Cmnd 2008.Google Scholar
Kennedy HG, personal communication.Google Scholar
Thomas, A. What about forensic psychiatry as a career? Undergraduate and early post-graduate medical perspectives. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 2012; 22: 247–51. DOI: 10.1002/cbm.1838.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rees, MR, Bracewell, M. Academic factors in medical recruitment: evidence to support improvements in medical recruitment and retention by improving the academic content in medical posts. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2019; 95: 323–7. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-136501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grounds, A, Gunn, J, Myers, WC, Rosner, R, Busch, KG. Contemplating common ground in the professional ethics of forensic psychiatry. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 2010; 20: 307–22. DOI: 10.1002/cbm.789,CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nedopil, N, Gunn, J, Thomosn, LDG. Teaching forensic psychiatry in Europe. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 2012; 22: 238–46. DOI: 10.1002/cbm.1845.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aubert, V. Researches in the sociology of law. The American Behavioural Scientist 7 (4): 1620 https://doi.org/10.1177/000276426300700405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aitken, C, Roberts, P, Jackson, G. Communicating and interpreting statistical evidence in the administration of criminal justice. 1. Fundamentals of probability and statistical evidence in criminal proceedings. London, Royal Statistical Society, 2010. www.maths.ed.ac.uk/~cgga/Guide-1-WEB.pdf.Google Scholar
The European Convention on Human Rights. www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf.Google Scholar
Taylor, PJ, Woolfenden, N, Nedopil, N. Forensic psychiatry training in Europe. Die Psychiatrie 2013; 10 (3): 181–7. DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1670882.Google Scholar
Soothill, K, Harney, K, Maggs, A, Chilvers, C. The NHS forensic mental health R&D programme: developing new talent or maintaining a stage army? Personality and Mental Health 2008; 2: 183–91. DOI: 10.1002/pmh.44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkpatrick, T, Lennox, C, Taylor, R et al. Evaluation of a complex intervention (Engager) for prisoners with common mental health problems, near to and after release: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2018; 8 (2): e017931.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forsyth, K, Webb, RT, Power, LA et al. The Older Prisoner Health and Social Care Assessment and Plan (OHSCAP) versus treatment as usual: a randomised controlled trial. Research Square 2020. https://assets.researchsquare.com/files/rs-75588/v1/f871ec39-49c9-44cf-aa6a-9fff11d56ab9.pdf.Google Scholar
Taylor, PJ, Robling, M, Playle, R et al. A randomised controlled trial of a group psychological intervention to increase locus of control for alcohol consumption among alcohol-misusing short-term (male) prisoners (GASP). Addiction 2020. doi :10.1111/add.15006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cosden, M, Ellens, J, Schnell, J, Yamini-Diouf, Y. Efficacy of a mental health treatment court with assertive community treatment. Behavioral Sciences and the Law 2005; 23: 199214. DOI: 10.1002/bsl.638.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mirza, RD, Punja, S, Vohra, S, Guyatt, G. The history and development of N-of-1 trials. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2017; 110 (8): 330–40 DOI: 10.1177/0141076817721131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, PJ, Fleminger, JJ. ECT for schizophrenia. Lancet 1980; 1: 1380–3. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(80)92653-7.Google ScholarPubMed
Moore, GF, Audrey, S, Barker, M et al. Process evaluation of complex interventions: Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ 2015; 350: h1258. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h1258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bonell, C, Fletcher, A, Morton, M, Lorenc, T, Moore, L. Realist randomised controlled trials: a new approach to evaluating complex public health interventions. Social Science & Medicine 2012; 75 (12): 22992306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.08.032.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Belle, S, Wong, G, Westhorp, G et al. Can ‘realist’ randomised controlled trials be genuinely realist? Trials 2016; 17: 313. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-016-1407-0.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
UK Research and Innovation, Medical Research Council and NHS Health Research Authority. Is My Study Research? 2017. www.hra-decisiontools.org.uk/research.Google Scholar
Brown, P. Ethical challenges to research in the criminal justice system. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 2018; 28 (1): 5-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.2061.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fazel, S, Gulati, G, Linsell, L, Geddes, JR, Grann, M. Schizophrenia and violence: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine 2009; 6: e1000120. doi: 10.1371/jounal.pmed.1002120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fazel, S, Seewald, K. Severe mental illness in 33588 prisoners worldwide: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry 2012; 200: 364–73. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.096370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrington, DP. The psychosocial milieu of the offender. In Gunn, J and Taylor, PJ (eds) Forensic Psychiatry, Clinical, Legal and Ethical Issues, 2nd edition. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 2014, pp. 170–85.Google Scholar
Farrington, DP. Childhood risk factors for criminal career duration: comparisons with prevalence, onset, frequency and recidivism. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 2020; 30 (4): 159–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.2155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poulton, R, Moffitt, TE, Silva, PA. The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study: overview of the first 40 years, with an eye to the future. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2015; 50: 679–93. doi: 10.1007/s00127-015-1048-8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caspi, A, Houts, RM, Ambler, A et al. Longitudinal assessment of mental health disorders and comorbidities across 4 decades among participants in the Dunedin birth cohort study. JAMA Network Open 2020; 3 (4): e203221. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lawlor, DA, Lewcock, M, Rena-Jones, L et al. The second generation of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC-G2): a cohort profile. Welcome Open Research 2019; 4: 36. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15087.2.Google ScholarPubMed
Caspi, A, McClay, J, Moffitt, TE et al. Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science 2002; 297: 851–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reagu, S, Taylor, PJ. Practical legal concerns for use of neuroimaging in the court in England and Wales. In Simpson, J (ed.) Neuroimaging in Forensic Psychiatry: From Clinic to Courtroom. Chichester, Wiley Blackwell, 2012.Google Scholar
Walker, J, Illingworth, C, Canning, A et al. Changes in mental state associated with prison environments: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2014; 129: 427–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O’Connor, S, Bezeczky, Z, Moriarty, Y, Kalebic, N, Taylor, PJ. Adjustment to short-term imprisonment under low prison staffing. BJPsych Bulletin 2020; 44 (4): 139–44. doi: 10.1192/bjb.2020.2.Google ScholarPubMed
Jamieson, L, Taylor, PJ, Gibson, B. From pathological dependence to healthy independent living: an emergent grounded theory of facilitating independent living. The Grounded Theory Review 2006; 6: 79107. http://groundedtheoryreview.com/2006/11/30/1222.Google Scholar
Bradley, K. The Bradley Report: Lord Bradley’s Review of People with Mental Health Problems or Learning Disabilities in the Criminal Justice System. London, Department of Health, 2009. https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130105193845/http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_098698.pdf.Google Scholar
Corston, J. A Report by Baroness Jean Corston of a Review of Women with Particular Vulnerabilities in the Criminal Justice System. London, Home Office, 2007. www.newsocialartschool.org/pdf/Corston-pt-1.pdf.Google Scholar
National Offender Management Service and NHS England. The Offender Personality Disorder Pathway Strategy, 2015. www.england.nhs.uk/commissioning/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2016/02/opd-strategy-nov-15.pdf.Google Scholar
Forrester, A, Hopkin, G. Mental health in the criminal justice system: a pathways approach to service and research design. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 2019; 29 (4): 207–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.2128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kennedy, HG, Simpson, A, Haque, Q. Perspective on excellence in forensic mental health services: what we can learn from oncology and other medical services. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2019; 10: 733. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00733.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, JP, Fazel, S, Gueorguieva, R, Buchanan, A. Rates of violence in patients classified as high risk by structured risk assessment instruments. British Journal of Psychiatry 2014; 104: 180–7. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.131938.Google Scholar
Singh, JP, Grann, M, Fazel, S. A comparative study of violence risk assessment tools: a systematic review and metaregression analysis of 68 studies involving 25,980 participants. Clinical Psychology Review 2011; 31: 499513. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.11.009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mossman, D. The imperfection of protection through detection and intervention: lessons from three decades of research on the psychiatric assessment of violence risk. Journal of Legal Medicine 2009; 30: 109–40. DOI: 10.1080/01947640802694635.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crichton, JHM. Falls in Scottish homicide: lessons for homicide reduction in mental health patients. BJPsych Bulletin 2017; 41: 185–6. doi: 10.1192/pb.bp.116.054924.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ballatt, J, Campling, P, Maloney, C. Intelligent Kindness: Rehabilitating the Welfare State, 2nd ed. Cambridge, Royal College of Psychiatrists/Cambridge University Press, 2020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campling, P. Reforming the culture of healthcare: the case for intelligent kindness. British Journal of Psychiatry Bulletin 2015; 39: 15. doi: 10.1192/pb.bp.114.047449.Google ScholarPubMed
Schneider, RD. The Lunatic and the Lords. Toronto, Irwin Law, 2009.Google Scholar
Kennedy, HG, Mohan, D, Davoren, M. Forensic psychiatry and Covid-19: accelerating transformation in forensic psychiatry. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 2020. doi: 10.1017/ipm.2020.58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cases

R v Ivor Bell [2019] NICC 20. Ref: OHA11086

R v Clark [2003] RWCA Crim 1020

R v Cleland [2020] EWCA Crim 906

R v Edwards [2018] EWCA Crim 595

R v Fisher [2019] EWCA Crim 1066, 2019 WL 02551700

R v Fuller [2016] EWCA Crim 1867

X v UK 7215/75 [1981] ECHR 6

R v Vowles; R (Vowles) v SSJ [2015] EWCA Crim 45, [2015] EWCA Civ 56 [2015]

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×