Chapter 3 deals with the topic of spatial case. It considers the range of spatial notions which can be reflected in the case system of a language, including configuration, directionality and distality. A particular emphasis is placed on Nakh-Daghestanian languages, which are characterized by especially rich spatial case systems. The question is raised as to whether an empty adposition analysis is appropriate for such languages. Does the case-marker make a truth-conditional contribution by specifying a certain spatial relation, or is this function fulfilled by a functional element which is present in the structure but not phonologically realized? The chapter also considers non-spatial uses of spatial cases, specifically, instances of metaphorical extension and reduced agentivity. Finally, we take a look at the interrelation between overt spatial prepositions and case-assignment in a number of Indo-European languages.