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12 - Energetic responses to food availability in the great apes: implications for hominin evolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2009

By
Cheryl D. Knott
Edited by
Diane K. Brockman  and
Carel P. van Schaik
Cheryl D. Knott
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Diane K. Brockman
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina, Charlotte
Carel P. van Schaik
Affiliation:
Universität Zürich
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Summary

Introduction

The past 40 years of great-ape field research have seen the accumulation of a wealth of data that can be used to make predictions about the behavior of early hominins. We have only just begun, however, to undertake great-ape field studies that incorporate a physiological component in the wild. Understanding how the energetic and reproductive systems of living hominoids respond to environmental variation allows us to build more informed models with which to reconstruct the behavior, morphology, and responses to ecological pressures that were present in great-ape and human ancestors.

Fruit is the favored, although not always the most common, food of the great apes, and all ape populations that rely on fruit experience fluctuations in its availability. Given the importance of fruit in ape diets, such fluctuations are likely to have a major impact on these animals' biology and behavior. The primary goal of this chapter is to discuss how differences in overall fruit availability and fallback foods play a central role in shaping energetic and reproductive responses of the great apes, and then to examine the implications of this for hominin evolution.

A review of the literature reveals that relatively few studies present quantitative data on changes in diet or energetics over time. Descriptions are more likely to be statements about how diet or behavior changes in response to fluctuations in food availability.

Type
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Seasonality in Primates
Studies of Living and Extinct Human and Non-Human Primates
 , pp. 351 - 378
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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