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13 - Individualism/collectivism as predictors of relational and physical victimization in Japan and Austria

from Part III - Issues in cross-national comparisons

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2016

By
Dagmar Strohmeier ,
Takuya Yanagida  and
Yuichi Toda
Edited by
Peter K. Smith ,
Keumjoo Kwak  and
Yuichi Toda
Peter K. Smith
Affiliation:
Goldsmiths, University of London
Keumjoo Kwak
Affiliation:
Seoul National University
Yuichi Toda
Affiliation:
Osaka Kyoiku University, Japan
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Summary

Individualism/collectivism (I/C) is widely used to explain cross-national differences in victimization. Most often I/C on the national level is used, without measuring it on the individual level. This is problematic, as people living in the same country might differ in levels of I/C. This chapter reviews measuring I/C in adolescents, and cross-cultural research on victimization and I/C. A study using Japanese and Austrian adolescents is reported; Austria represents an individualistic culture, Japan a collectivistic culture. The goals were to innovatively measure I/C and to examine whether individual variations of I/C predict level differences of relational and physical victimization similarly among Japanese and Austrian youth. Despite substantial individual variation in I/C, Japanese adolescents were more collectivistic than Austrian adolescents. Japanese youth reported lower levels of relational victimization than Austrian youth, but no differences were found for physical victimization. Both Japanese and Austrian adolescents perceived relational victimization as more group based compared with physical victimization. No associations between individual variations of I/C and victimization were found among Japanese adolescents, but higher levels of collectivism were associated with lower levels of both physical and relational victimization in Austria. Measuring I/C on the individual level is recommended in future studies.
Type
Chapter
Information
School Bullying in Different Cultures
Eastern and Western Perspectives
 , pp. 259 - 279
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

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