Chapter 3 considers the politics of state withdrawal from international human rights and criminal courts. This is perhaps the most ostentatious form of backlash politics. Despite states’ threats that they will withdraw from international courts, however, very few threatened withdrawals ever materialize. Using the theoretical framework established in Chapter 2, this chapter considers the experiences of Peru, Venezuela, and Columbia. Venezuela has withdrawn from the Inter-American Human Rights System, while Peru came quite close to withdrawing from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the waning days of the Fujimori regime. In contrast, Colombia has never enacted such threats. This chapter explains why these three states have had such different experiences with respect to withdrawals from the Inter-American human rights regime.