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7 - Saturn’s Aurorae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 December 2018

By
Tom Stallard ,
Sarah v. Badman ,
Ulyana Dyudina ,
Denis Grodent  and
Laurent Lamy
Edited by
Kevin H. Baines ,
F. Michael Flasar ,
Norbert Krupp  and
Tom Stallard
Kevin H. Baines
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Madison
F. Michael Flasar
Affiliation:
NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center
Norbert Krupp
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Göttingen
Tom Stallard
Affiliation:
University of Leicester
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Summary

The aurorae of each planet are produced as a direct interaction between the upper atmosphere and magnetosphere of that planet. Energetic particles from the magnetosphere are driven into the top of the atmosphere, depositing energy there, and ultimately resulting in an electromagnetic emission. As a result, aurorae are related to conditions within the planetary magnetospheres so an understanding of the auroral emission provides a view of both the magnetospheric structure and how that magnetosphere is coupled with the underlying ionosphere. In the past, Saturn’s magnetosphere, and thus its aurorae, have been seen as something of a hybrid between the solar-wind-driven interaction at Earth and the rotationally dominated system at Jupiter. However, observations across a wide wavelength range by both the Cassini spacecraft and supporting Earth-based telescopes have revealed Saturn’s aurorae to be highly complex. We now recognize that Saturn’s aurorae are driven by the dynamic magnetic field interactions between the atmosphere, the solar wind and plasma trapped within the magnetosphere, all strongly affected by the rapid rotation of the planet.

In this chapter, we highlight the broad variety of auroral features observed at Saturn, and discuss how these are generated by energetic particles moving within current systems that link to solar wind interactions (Section 7.2), interactions with plasma generated within the magnetosphere (Section 7.3) and with current systems that vary periodically, including those linked to weather systems within Saturn’s upper atmosphere (Section 7.4). Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the major questions that remain about Saturn’s aurorae, and summarize the upcoming observations that will help us answer them. We begin with a discussion of how the auroral emission is generated and the characteristics of aurorae observed at Saturn. In particular, we highlight the most recent auroral research, following on from the overview of Saturn’s auroral processes presented in past reviews of the subject (for example, Kurth et al. 2009).

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Information
Saturn in the 21st Century , pp. 166 - 195
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

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