Traditional approaches to geophysical prospection tend to limit the usefulness of this set of techniques to the identification and outlining of archaeological sites prior to excavation. However, recent developments have highlighted the advantages of more in-depth, multi-scale, and reflexive perspectives which enable not only the identification of archaeological sites but also their characterization. This paper presents the geophysical (magnetometry, magnetic susceptibility, resistivity, GPR, etc.) and geochemical (handheld portable X-ray Fluorescence – pXRF) methods deployed in the area of the Secano in the Alhambra for the investigation of pyrotechnological industrial facilities including pottery kilns and glass/glaze furnaces. The selection of techniques employed was tailored not only to confront the peculiar geological and archaeological conditions prevailing in the site but also to collect meaningful information about these facilities even before the commencement of excavation. Importantly, the process was not understood simply as preliminary to excavation, but also continued during the excavation of the trenches. Handheld pXRF and topsoil magnetic susceptibility were used throughout as ways of keeping the excavators informed about the nature of the fills they were removing from within the furnace structures, as it was rightly suspected that these contained substantial traces of some of the chemical compounds used in the glazing of pottery (copper, lead, manganese). This was framed as a reflexive strategy that could, in contrast with analysis results obtained in the laboratory post-excavation, help to direct excavation strategies.

Keywords: Late medieval and early modern Alhambra; archaeological survey; multi-scalar survey; reflexivity.