Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T13:47:36.581Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Introduction

Frugality in Theory and History

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 June 2020

Ingo Gildenhard
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Cristiano Viglietti
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Siena
Get access

Summary

The introduction begins with a discussion of previous scholarship on Roman frugality and a critique of its shortcoming. The second part consists of a theoretically informed reconsideration of frugality, which identifies four areas of special interest: (a) the lived realities and the husbandry of small-scale farmers and their discursive reflection in other settings; (b) ‘the frugal subaltern’: slaves and freedmen and their economic interests and acumen, as well as ‘the thrifty wife’; (c) Rome’s political culture, in particular its political economy, i.e. the interface of wealth and power; (d) the (literary/rhetorical) projects of specific individuals, not least those who invested in virtue signalling and shows of self-restraint in their self-promotion and/or authorial self-fashioning. The introduction concludes with a survey of the place and function of modes of moderation in Roman history and culture.

Type
Chapter
Information
Roman Frugality
Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond
, pp. 1 - 126
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adam, J. N. (1974) ‘The vocabulary of the later decades of Livy’, Antichthon 8: 5462.Google Scholar
Adamietz, J. (1989) Cicero, Pro Murena. Darmstadt.Google Scholar
Ampolo, C. (1984) ‘Il lusso nelle società arcaiche: note preliminari sulla posizione del problema’, Opus 2: 469–76.Google Scholar
Ando, C. (2009) ‘Narrating Decline and Fall’, in A Companion to Late Antiquity, eds. Rousseau, P. with the assistance of Raithel, J.. Chichester: 5976.Google Scholar
Andreau, J. (1998) ‘Cens, évaluation et monnaie dans l’Antiquité romaine’, in La monnaie souveraine, eds. Aglietta, M. and Orléan, A.. Paris: 213–50.Google Scholar
Andreau, J. (2004) ‘Sur les choix économiques des notables romains’, in Mentalités et choix économiques des Romains, eds. Andreau, J., France, J. and Pittia, S.. Paris: 7185.Google Scholar
Andreau, J. and Coudry, M. (2016) ‘Présentation’, in Le luxe et les lois somptuaires dans la Rome antique, eds. Andreau, J. and Coudry, M.. (= MEFRA 128.1): 5–12.Google Scholar
Andreau, J., France, J. and Pittia, S. (eds.) (2004) Mentalités et choix économiques des Romains. Bordeaux.Google Scholar
Arena, V. (2011) ‘Roman sumptuary legislation: three concepts of liberty’, European Journal of Political Theory 10: 463–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arena, V. (2012) Libertas and the Practice of Politics in the Late Roman Republic. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Armstrong, J. (2016) War and Society in Early Rome: From Warlords to Generals. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Asmis, E. (2004) ‘Epicurean economics’, in Philodemus and the New Testament World, eds. Fitzgerald, J. T., Obbink, D. and Holland, G. S.. Leiden and Boston: 133–76.Google Scholar
Assmann, J. (2011) Cultural Memory and Early Civilization: Writing, Remembrance, and Political Imagination. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Astin, A. E. (1978) Cato the Censor. Oxford.Google Scholar
Astin, A. E. (1988) ‘Regimen Morum’, JRS 78: 1434.Google Scholar
Atkins, M. and Osborne, R. (eds.) (2006) Poverty in the Roman World. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badian, E. (1972) Publicans and Sinners: Private Enterprise in the Service of the Roman Republic. Oxford.Google Scholar
Balch, D. L. (2004) ‘Philodemus, “On Wealth” and “On Household Management”: naturally wealthy Epicureans against poor cynics’, in Philodemus and the New Testament World, eds. Fitzgerald, J. T., Obbink, D. and Holland, G. S.. Leiden and Boston: 177–96.Google Scholar
Baltrusch, E. (1989) Regimen morum: Die Reglementierung des Privatlebens der Senatoren und Ritter in der römischen Republik und frühen Kaiserzeit. Munich.Google Scholar
Bang, P. F., Ikeguchi, M. and Ziche, H. G. (eds.) (2006) Ancient Economies, Modern Methodologies: Archaeology, Comparative History, Models and Institutions. Bari.Google Scholar
Barbone, S. (1994) ‘Frugalitas in Saint Augustine’, Augustiniana 44: 515.Google Scholar
Barton, T. (1994) ‘The inventio of Nero: Suetonius’, in Reflections of Nero: Culture, History, & Representation, eds. Elsner, J. and Masters, J.. Chapel Hill: 4866.Google Scholar
Baudrillart, H. (1881) Histoire du luxe privé et public depuis l’Antiquité jusqu’à nos jours. Paris.Google Scholar
Beck, H. (2005) Karriere und Hierarchie: Die römische Aristokratie und die Anfänge des cursus honorum in der mittleren Republik. Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, H. (2016) ‘Wealth, power, and class coherence: the ambitus legislation of the 180s B.C.’, in Money and Power in the Roman Republic, eds. Beck, H., Jehne, M. and Serrati, J.. Brussels: 131–52.Google Scholar
Beck, H., Duplá, A., Jehne, M. and Pina Polo, F. (eds.) (2011) Consuls and Res Publica: Holding High Office in the Roman Republic. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Beck, H. and Hölkeskamp, K.-J. (eds.) (2018) Verlierer und Aussteiger in der ‘Konkurrenz unter Anwesenden’: Agonalität in der politischen Kultur des antiken Rom. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Beck, H., Jehne, M., and Serrati, J. (eds.) (2016) Money and Power in the Roman Republic. Brussels.Google Scholar
Bernard, S. (2018a) Building Mid-Republican Rome: Labor, Architecture, and the Urban Economy. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernard, S. (2018b) ‘The social history of early Roman coinage’, JRS 108: 126.Google Scholar
Berno, F. R. (2014) ‘In praise of Tubero’s pottery: a note on Seneca, Ep. 95.72–73 and 98.13’, in Seneca Philosophus, eds. Wildberger, J. and Colish, M. L.. Berlin and Boston: 369–91.Google Scholar
Berrendonner, C. (2001) ‘La formation de la tradition sur M’. Curius Dentatus et C. Fabricius Luscinus: un homme nouveau peut-il être un grand homme?’, in L’invention des grands hommes de la Rome antique, eds. Coudry, M. and Späth, T.. Paris: 97116.Google Scholar
Berry, C. J. (1994) The Idea of Luxury: A Conceptual and Historical Investigation. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bettini, M. (2000) ‘Mos, mores e mos maiorum: L’invenzione dei “buoni costumi” nella cultura romana’, in Le orecchie di Hermes: Studi di antropologia e letterature classiche. Turin: 241–92.Google Scholar
Bettini, M. and Short W, M. (2018) ‘Introduction’, in The World Through Roman Eyes: Anthropological Studies of the Ancient World, eds. Bettini, M. and Short, W. M.. Cambridge: 123.Google Scholar
Biesinger, B. (2016) Römische Dekadenzdiskurse: Untersuchungen zur römischen Geschichtsschreibung und ihren Kontexten (2. Jahrhundert v. Chr. bis 2. Jahrhundert n. Chr.). Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Biesinger, B. (2019) ‘Rupture and repair: patterning time in discourse and practice (from Sallust to Augustus and beyond)’, in Augustus and the Destruction of History: The Politics of the Past in Early Imperial Rome, eds. Gildenhard, I. et al. Cambridge: 8196.Google Scholar
Blösel, W. (2000) ‘Die Geschichte des Begriffes mos maiorum von den Anfängen bis Cicero’, in Mos Maiorum: Untersuchungen zu den Formen der Identitätsstiftung und Stabilisierung in der Römischen Republik, eds. Linke, B. and Stemmler, M.. Stuttgart: 2597.Google Scholar
Bönisch-Meyer, S. et al. (eds.) (2014) Nero und Domitian: Mediale Diskurse der Herrscherrepräsentation im Vergleich. Tübingen.Google Scholar
Börm, H. (ed.) (2015) Antimonarchic Discourse in Antiquity. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Bottiglieri, A. (2002) La legislazione sul lusso nella Roma repubblicana. Naples.Google Scholar
Bottiglieri, A. (2016) ‘Le leggi sul lusso tra repubblica e principato: mutamento di prospettive’, in Le luxe et les lois somptuaires dans la Rome antique, eds. Andreau, J. and Coudry, M. (= MEFRA 128.1): 13–19.Google Scholar
Bouckaert, L., Opdebeeck, H., and Zsolnai, L. (2008) ‘Why frugality’, in Frugality: Rebalancing Material and Spiritual Values in Economic Life, eds. Bouckaert, L., Opdebeeck, H. and Zsolnai, L.. Oxford: 325.Google Scholar
Bowman, A, and Wilson, A. (2009) ‘Quantifying the Roman economy: integration, growth, decline?’, in Quantifying the Roman Economy: Methods and Problems, eds. Bowman, A. and Wilson, A.. Oxford: 384.Google Scholar
Bowman, A, and Wilson, A. (eds.) (2011) Settlement, Urbanization, and Population. Oxford.Google Scholar
Bowman, A, and Wilson, A. (2013a) ‘Quantifying Roman agriculture’, in The Roman Agricultural Economy, eds. Bowman, A. and Wilson, A.. Oxford: 132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowman, A, and Wilson, A. (eds.) (2013b) The Roman Agricultural Economy: Organization, Investment, and Production, Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boxmann, A. (1818) De legibus Romanorum sumptuariis. Leyden.Google Scholar
Bramble, J. C. (1974) Persius and the Programmatic Satire: A Study in Form and Imagery. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Bresson, A. (2016) The Making of the Ancient Greek Economy: Institutions, Markets and Growth in the City-States. Princeton.Google Scholar
Brown, P. (2002) Poverty and Leadership in the Later Roman Empire. Hanover and London.Google Scholar
Brunt, P. A. (1971) Italian Manpower 225 BC–AD 14. Oxford.Google Scholar
Brunt, P. A. (1988) The Fall of the Roman Republic and Related Essays. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Cameron, A. D. E. (2011) The Last Pagans of Rome. Oxford and New York.Google Scholar
Carandini, A. (2000) Giornale di scavo: pensieri sparsi di un archeologo. Turin.Google Scholar
Carandini, A. and Cappelli, R. (eds.) (2000) Roma: Romolo, Remo e la fondazione della città. Milan.Google Scholar
Casinos Mora, F. J. (2015) La restricción del lujo en la Roma republicana. El lujo indumentario. Madrid.Google Scholar
Cifani, G. (2008) Architettura romana arcaica. Rome.Google Scholar
Cecchet, L. (2015) Poverty in Athenian Public Discourse: From the Eve of the Peloponnesian War to the Rise of Macedonia. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Champlin, E. (2003) Nero. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Chassignet, M. (2001) ‘La “construction” des aspirants à la tyrannie: Sp. Cassius, Sp. Maelius et Manlius Capitolinus’, in L’invention des grands hommes de la Rome antique, eds. Coudry, M. and Späth, T.. Paris: 8396.Google Scholar
Clemente, G. (1981) ‘Le leggi sul lusso e la società romana tra III e II secolo a.C.’, in Società romana e produzione schiavistica. III. Modelli etici, diritti e trasformazioni sociali, eds. Giardina, A. and Schiavone, A.. Rome and Bari: 114.Google Scholar
Coffee, N. (2017) Gift and Gain: How Money Transformed Ancient Rome. Oxford.Google Scholar
Constant, B. (1819) ‘De la liberté des Anciens comparée à celle des Modernes (1819)’, in Œuvres politiques. Paris 1874: 258–85.Google Scholar
Corbier, M. (2016) ‘Interrogations actuelles sur la transhumance’, MEFRA 128.2: 269–86.Google Scholar
Corbo, C. (2006) Paupertas. La legislazione tardoantica. Naples.Google Scholar
Cordes, L. (2017) Kaiser und Tyrann: Die Kodierung und Umkodierung der Herrscherrepräsentation Neros und Domitians. Berlin and Boston.Google Scholar
Cornell, T. (1995) The Beginnings of Rome. Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000–264 BC). London.Google Scholar
Cornell, T. J. (2000) ‘The Lex Ovinia and the emancipation of the senate’, in The Roman Middle Republic: Politics, Religion and Historiography c. 400–133 BC, ed. Bruun, C.. Rome: 6989.Google Scholar
Coudry, M. (1998) ‘Luxe et politique dans la Rome républicaine: les débats autour des lois somptuaires, de Caton à Tibère’, in Les petits-fils de Caton: attitudes à l’égard du luxe dans l’Italie antique et moderne, ed. Coudry, M.. Paris: 920.Google Scholar
Coudry, M. (2004) ‘Loi et société: la singularité des lois somptuaires de Rome’, Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz 15: 135–71.Google Scholar
Coudry, M. (2012) ‘Lois somptuaires et regimen morum’, in Leges publicae: La legge nell’esperienza giuridica romana, ed. Ferrary, J.–L.. Pavia: 489513.Google Scholar
Coudry, M. (2016) ‘Lois somptuaires et comportement économique des élites de la Rome républicaine’, in Le luxe et les lois somptuaires dans la Rome antique, eds. Andreau, J. and Coudry, M. (= MEFRA 128.1): 47–63.Google Scholar
Coudry, M. and Humm, M. (eds.) (2009) Praeda: Butin de guerre et société dans la Rome républicaine/Kriegsbeute und Gesellschaft im republikanischen Rom. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Courtney, E. (1980) A Commentary on the Satires of Juvenal. London.Google Scholar
Crawford, M. (1977) ‘Rome and the Greek world: economic relationships’, The Economic History Review 30: 4252.Google Scholar
Crawford, M. (2008) ‘States waiting in the wings: population distribution and the end of the Roman Republic’, in People, Land, and Politics: Demographic Developments and the Transformation of Roman Italy 300 BC–AD 14, eds. de Ligt, L. and Northwood, S.. Leiden and Boston: 631–44.Google Scholar
Crawford, M. (2011) ‘Reconstructing what Roman Republic?’, BICS 54.2: 105–14.Google Scholar
Crooks, J. A. (2019) When is Rome?: Developments in Roman Civic Identity during the Archaic Period (c. 650 – c. 350 BC). Doctoral thesis St. Andrews.Google Scholar
Dalby, A. (2000) Empire of Pleasures: Luxury and Indulgence in the Roman World. London and New York.Google Scholar
D’Arms, J. H. (1981) Commerce and Social Standing in Ancient Rome. Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Daube, D. (1969) Roman Law: Linguistic, Social and Philosophical Aspects. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Dauster, M. (2003) ‘Roman republican sumptuary legislation: 182–102’, in Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History XI, ed. Deroux, C.. Brussels: 6593.Google Scholar
de Ligt, L. (2006) ‘The economy: agrarian change during the second century’, in A Companion to the Roman Republic, eds. Rosenstein, N. and Morstein-Marx, R.. Malden: 590605.Google Scholar
den Boeft, J., Drijvers, J. W., den Hengst, D. and Teitler, H. C. (2009) Philological and Historical Commentary on Ammianus Marcellinus XXVII. Leiden and Boston.Google Scholar
Dench, E. (1998) ‘Austerity, excess, success, and failure in Hellenistic and early imperial Italy’, in Parchments of Gender: Deciphering the Bodies of Antiquity, ed. Wyke, M.. Oxford: 121–46.Google Scholar
De Marchi, A. (1895) Le leggi cibarie. Studio di antichi costumi romani. Florence.Google Scholar
Dewar, M. (1994) ‘Laying it on with a trowel: the proem to Lucan and related texts’, CQ 44: 199211.Google Scholar
Diederich, S. (2007) Römische Agrarhandbücher zwischen Fachwissenschaft, Literatur und Ideologie. Berlin and New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drogula, F. K. (2015) Commanders and Command in the Roman Republic and Early Empire. Chapel Hill.Google Scholar
Droß-Krüpe, K., Föllinger, S. and Ruffing, K. (eds.) (2016) Antike Wirtschaft und ihre kulturelle Prägung /The Cultural Shaping of the Ancient Economy. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Dubois-Pelerin, E. (2008) Le luxe privé à Rome et en Italie au Ier siècle ap. J.C. Naples.Google Scholar
Duncan-Jones, R. P. (2004) ‘Economic change and the transition to late antiquity’, in Approaching Late Antiquity: The Transformation from Early to Late Empire, eds. Swain, S. and Edwards, M.. Oxford: 2052.Google Scholar
Duncan-Jones, R. P. (2016) Power and Privilege in Roman Society. Cambridge.Google Scholar
du Plessis, P. J. (2015) Borkowski’s Textbook on Roman Law. Oxford.Google Scholar
Dureau de la Malle, A. J. C. (1840) Économie politique des Romains, 2 vols. Paris.Google Scholar
Dyck, A. R. (2010) Cicero, Pro Sexto Roscio. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Earl, D. (1960) ‘Political terminology in Plautus’, Historia 9: 235–42.Google Scholar
Earl, D. (1967) The Moral and Political Tradition of Rome. London.Google Scholar
Eck, W. and Heil, M. (eds.) (2005) Senatores populi Romani: Realität und mediale Präsentation einer Führungsschicht. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Edmondson, J. (2016) ‘Investing in death: gladiators as investment and currency in the late republic’, in Money and Power in the Roman Republic, eds. Beck, H., Jehne, M. and Serrati, J.. Brussels: 3752.Google Scholar
Edwards, C. (1993) The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Eigler, U. (2002) ‘Urbanität und Ländlichkeit als Thema und Problem der augusteischen Literatur’, Hermes 130: 288–98.Google Scholar
El Beheiri, N. (2012) Das regimen morum der Zensoren: die Konstruktion des römischen Gemeinwesens. Berlin.Google Scholar
Elsner, J. (1994) ‘Constructing decadence: the representation of Nero as imperial builder’, in Reflections of Nero: culture, history, & representation, eds. Elsner, J. and Masters, J.. Chapel Hill: 112–30.Google Scholar
Erdkamp, P., Verboven, K. and Zuiderhoek, A. (eds.) (2015) Ownership and Exploitation of Land and Natural Resources in the Roman World. Oxford.Google Scholar
Erskine, A. (2010) Roman Imperialism. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Farrell, C. (2009) The New Frugality: How to Consume Less, Save More, and Live Better. New York.Google Scholar
Feeney, D. C. (2016) Beyond Greek: The Beginnings of Latin Literature. Cambridge/MA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finley, M. I. (1985) The Ancient Economy, 2nd edn. London. [Originally published 1963.]Google Scholar
Flaig, E. (1992) Den Kaiser herausfordern: Die Usurpation im Römischen Reich. Frankfurt.Google Scholar
Flaig, E. (1993) ‘Politische Lebensführung und ästhetische Kultur: Eine semiotische Untersuchung am römischen Adel’, Historische Anthropologie 1: 193217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flaig, E. (1995) ‘Die pompa funebris: Adlige Konkurrenz und annalistische Erinnerung in der Römischen Republik’, in Memoria als Kultur, ed. Oexle. Göttingen, O. G.: 115–48.Google Scholar
Flaig, E. (1999) ‘Über die Grenzen der Akkulturation: Wider die Verdinglichung des Kulturbegriffs’, in Rezeption und Identität: Die kulturelle Auseinandersetzung Roms mit Griechenland als europäisches Paradigma, eds. Vogt-Spira, G. and Rommel, B.. Stuttgart: 81112.Google Scholar
Flaig, E. (2002) ‘Die umkämpfte Zeit: Adlige Konkurrenz und Zeitknappheit in der römischen Republik’, in Zeit und Geschichte: Kulturgeschichtliche Perspektiven, eds. Chvojka, E., Schwarcz, A. and Thien, K.. Vienna and Munich: 7284.Google Scholar
Flaig, E. (2003a) Ritualisierte Politik: Zeichen, Gesten und Herrschaft im Alten Rom. Göttingen.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flaig, E. (2003b) ‘Warum die Triumphe die römische Republik ruiniert haben – oder: Kann ein politisches System an zuviel Sinn zugrunde gehen?’, in Sinn (in) der Antike: Orientierungssysteme, Leitbilder und Wertkonzepte im Altertum, eds. Hölkeskamp, K.-J. et al. Mainz: 299313.Google Scholar
Flaig, E. (2015), ‘Prozessionen aus der Tiefe der Zeit: Das Leichenbegängnis des römischen Adels – Rückblick’, in Raum und Performanz: Rituale in Residenzen von der Antike bis 1815, eds. Boschung, D., Hölkeskamp, K.-J. and Sode, C.. Stuttgart: 99126.Google Scholar
Flohr, M. (2013) The World of the Fullo: Work, Economy, and Society in Roman Italy. Oxford.Google Scholar
Flower, H. I. (1996) Ancestor Masks and Aristocratic Power in Roman Culture. Oxford.Google Scholar
Flower, H. I. (2006) The Art of Forgetting: Disgrace and Oblivion in Roman Political Culture. Chapel Hill.Google Scholar
Flower, H. I. (2010) Roman Republics. Princeton.Google Scholar
Flower, R. (2013) Emperors and Bishops in Late Roman Invective. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. (1980) Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews, ed. Bouchard, D. F.. Ithaca, NY.Google Scholar
Freudenburg, K. (2014) ‘Recusatio as political theatre: Horace’s Letter to Augustus’, JRS 104: 105–32.Google Scholar
Friedländer, L. (1964) Darstellungen aus der Sittengeschichte Roms: in der Zeit von Augustus bis zum Ausgang der Antonine, vol. 2, 10th edn. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Fulminante, F. (2003) Le sepolture principesche del Latium Vetus. Rome.Google Scholar
Gabba, E. (1988) Del buon uso della ricchezza: Saggi di storia economica e sociale del mondo antico. Milan.Google Scholar
Garani, M. and Konstan, D. (eds.) (2014) The Philosophizing Muse: The Influence of Greek Philosophy on Roman Poetry. Newcastle.Google Scholar
García Ruiz, M. P. (2018) ‘Julian’s self-representation in coins and texts’, in Imagining Emperors in the Later Roman Empire, eds. Burgersdijk, D. P.W. and Ross, A. J.. Leiden: 204–33.Google Scholar
Gardner, J. F. and Wiedemann, T. (1991) The Roman Household: A Sourcebook. London and New York.Google Scholar
Gargola, D. J. (1989), ‘Aulus Gellius and the property qualifications of the proletarii and the capite censi’, CP 84: 213–34.Google Scholar
Garnsey, P. and Saller, R. (1987) The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture. Berkeley and Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Gauthier, F. (2019) ‘Remarks on the existence of a senatorial property qualification in the Republic’, Historia 68: 285301.Google Scholar
Gazzarri, T. (2018), ‘Truculentus and the abrogation of the Lex Oppia’, RhM 161: 121.Google Scholar
Geertz, C. (1973) The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York.Google Scholar
Geertz, C. (2000) Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology, 2nd edn. New York.Google Scholar
Geisthardt, J. and Gildenhard, I. (2019) ‘Trojan plots: conceptions of history in Catullus, Virgil and Tacitus’, in Augustus and the Destruction of History: The Politics of the Past in Early Imperial Rome, eds. Gildenhard, I. et al. Cambridge: 241–82.Google Scholar
Giardina, A. (2007) ‘The transition to late antiquity’, in The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World, eds. Scheidel, W., Morris, I. and Saller, R.. Cambridge: 743–68.Google Scholar
Gibbon, E. (1782) The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, vol. 1, 5th edn. London.Google Scholar
Gildenhard, I. (2003) ‘The “annalist” before the annalists: Ennius and his Annales’, in Formen römischer Geschichtsschreibung von den Anfängen bis Livius, eds. Eigler, U. et al. Darmstadt: 93114.Google Scholar
Gildenhard, I. (2007) ‘Virgil vs. Ennius – or: the undoing of the Annalist’, in Ennius perennis: the Annals and beyond, eds. Fitzgerald, W. and Gowers, E.. Cambridge: 73102.Google Scholar
Gildenhard, I. (2010) ‘Buskins and SPQR: the Roman reception of Greek tragedy’, in Beyond the Fifth Century: Interactions with Greek Tragedy from the Fourth Century BCE to the Middle Ages, eds. Gildenhard, I. and Revermann, M.. Berlin and New York: 153–85.Google Scholar
Gildenhard, I. (2011a) Creative Eloquence: The Construction of Reality in Cicero’s Speeches. Oxford.Google Scholar
Gildenhard, I. (2011b) Cicero, Against Verres, 2.1.53–86: Latin Text with Introduction, Study Questions, Commentary and English Translation. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Gildenhard, I. (2019) ‘A wh(if)f away from the throne, or: Pliny the emperor’, Omnibus 78: 30–2.Google Scholar
Gildenhard, I., Gotter, U., Havener, W. and Hodgson, L. (2019) ‘Introduction’, in Augustus and the Destruction of History: The Politics of the Past in Early Imperial Rome, eds. Gildenhard, I. et al. Cambridge: 136.Google Scholar
Gildenhard, I and Zissos, A. (2004) ‘Ovid’s Hecale: Deconstructing Athens in the Metamorphoses’, JRS 94: 4772.Google Scholar
Giraudias, É. (1910) Etudes historiques sur les lois somptuaires. Thèse Poitiers.Google Scholar
Goddard, J. P. (1994) Moral Attitudes to Eating and Drinking in Ancient Rome. Diss. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Gotter, U. (2000) ‘Akkulturation als Methodenproblem der historischen Wissenschaften’, in wir/ihr/sie. Identität und Alterität in Theorie und Methode, ed. Eßbach, W.. Würzburg: 373406.Google Scholar
Gotter, U. (2001), Griechenland in Rom? Die römische Rede über Hellas und ihre Kontexte (3.–1. Jh. v. Chr.), Habil. Freiburg.Google Scholar
Gotter, U. (2003a) ‘Die Vergangenheit als Kampfplatz der Gegenwart: Catos (konter)revolutionäre Konstruktion des republikanischen Erinnerungsraums’, in Formen römischer Geschichtsschreibung von den Anfängen bis Livius: Gattungen, Autoren, Kontexte, eds. Eigler, U. et al. Darmstadt: 115–34.Google Scholar
Gotter, U. (2003b), ‘Ontologie versus Exemplum: Griechische Philosophie als politisches Argument in der späten römischen Republik’, in Philosophie und Lebenswelt, ed. Piepenbrink, K.. Darmstadt: 165–85.Google Scholar
Gotter, U. (2008) ‘Cultural differences and cross-cultural contact: Greek and Roman concepts of power’, HSCP 104: 179230.Google Scholar
Gotter, U. (2009) ‘Cato’s Origines: The historian and his enemies’, in The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Historians, ed. Feldherr, A.. Cambridge: 108–22.Google Scholar
Gotter, U. (2019) ‘The succession of empires and the Augustan res publica’, in Augustus and the Destruction of History: The Politics of the Past in Early Imperial Rome, eds. Gildenhard, I. et al. Cambridge: 97110.Google Scholar
Gowers, E. (1993) The Loaded Table: Representations of Food in Roman Literature. Oxford.Google Scholar
Grelle, F. (2016), ‘Allevamento equino, transumanza e agricoltura nella Puglia romana, fra quarto e primo secolo a. C.’, MEFRA 128.2: 297303.Google Scholar
Gruen, E. S. (1990) Studies in Greek Culture and Roman Policy. Leiden.Google Scholar
Gruen, E. S. (1992) Culture and National Identity in Republican Rome. Ithaca.Google Scholar
Harders, A.-C. (2017) ‘The exception becoming a norm – Scipio the Younger between tradition and transgression’, in La norme sous la République romaine et le Haut-Empire, eds. Itgenshorst, T. and Le Doze, P.. Bordeaux: 241–52.Google Scholar
Harris, W. V. (1993) ‘Between archaic and modern: some current problems in the history of the Roman economy’, in The Inscribed Economy: Production and Distribution in the Roman Empire in the Light of Instrumentum Domesticum: The Proceedings of a Conference Held at the American Academy in Rome on 10–11 January, 1992, ed. Harris, W. V.. Ann Arbor: 1129 [= Journal of Roman Archaeology, Supplementary Series 6]Google Scholar
Harris, W. V. (2003), ‘Roman governments and commerce, 300 B.C. – A.D. 300’, in Mercanti e politica nel mondo antico, ed. Zaccagnini, C.. Rome: 275305.Google Scholar
Harris, W. V. (2007) ‘The late republic’, in The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World, eds. Scheidel, W., Morris, I. and Saller, R.. Cambridge: 511–42.Google Scholar
Harris, W. V. (2011) Rome’s Imperial Economy: Twelve Essays. Oxford.Google Scholar
Harris, W. V. (2016) Roman Power: A Thousand Years of Empire. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Harris, W. V. (2019) ‘Review of Hölkeskamp 2017 and Mouritsen 2017’, Gnomon 91: 524–35.Google Scholar
Harrison, S. (2017) Horace, Odes Book II. Oxford.Google Scholar
Hartmann, E. (2016) Ordnung in Unordnung: Kommunikation, Konsum und Konkurrenz in der stadtrömischen Gesellschaft der frühen Kaiserzeit. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Havener, W. (2019) ‘Augustus and the end of “triumphalist history”’, in Augustus and the Destruction of History: The Politics of the Past in Early Imperial Rome, eds. Gildenhard, I. et al. Cambridge: 111132.Google Scholar
Hawkins, C. (2016) Roman Artisans and the Urban Economy. Oxford.Google Scholar
Hitchner, B. (2005) ‘The advantages of wealth and luxury: the case for economic growth in the Roman empire’, in The Ancient Economy: Evidence and Models, eds. Morris, I. and Manning, J.. Stanford: 207–22.Google Scholar
Hölkeskamp, K.–J. (1987) Die Entstehung der Nobilität: Studien zur sozialen und politischen Geschichte der Römischen Republik im 4. Jhdt. v. Chr. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Hölkeskamp, K.–J. (2004) ‘Exempla und mos maiorum: Überlegungen zum kollektiven Gedächtnis der Nobilität’, in Senatus populusque Romanus: Die politische Kultur der Republik – Dimensionen und Deutungen. Stuttgart: 169–98.Google Scholar
Hölkeskamp, K.–J. (2010) Reconstructing the Roman Republic: An Ancient Political Culture and Modern Research, trans. Heitmann-Gordon, H.. Princeton.Google Scholar
Hölkeskamp, K.–J. (2017) Libera Res Publica: Die politische Kultur des antiken Rom – Positionen und Perspektiven. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Hölkeskamp, K.–J. (2019) ‘“Cultural Turn” oder gar Paradigmenwechsel in der Althistorie? Die politische Kultur der römischen Republik in der neueren Forschung’, Historische Zeitschrift 309.1: 135.Google Scholar
Hollander, D. B. (2019) Farmers and Agriculture in the Roman Economy. London and New York.Google Scholar
Holz, S. (2009) ‘Praeda and Prestige – Kriegsbeute und Beutekunst im (spät–)republikanischen Rom’, in Praeda: Butin de guerre et société dans la Rome républicaine/Kriegsbeute und Gesellschaft im republikanischen Rom, eds. Coudry, M. and Humm, M.. Stuttgart: 187206.Google Scholar
Hopkins, K. (1978) Conquerors and Slaves. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Horden, P. (2012) ‘Poverty, charity, and the invention of the hospital’, in The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity, ed. Johnson, S. F.. Oxford: 715–43.Google Scholar
Houwing, J. F. (1883) De Romanorum legibus sumptuariis. Leyden.Google Scholar
Hoyos, D. (ed.) (2013) A Companion to Roman Imperialism. Leiden and Boston.Google Scholar
Humm, M. (2015) ‘Census, classes censitaires et statuts civiques à Rome sous la République’, in Politica e religione: censo, ceto, professione. Il censimento come problema teologico-politico. Brescia: 87119.Google Scholar
Hurley, D. (2001) Suetonius: Divus Claudius. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Huttner, U. (2004) Recusatio Imperii: Ein Politisches Ritual zwischen Ethik und Taktik. Hildesheim and New York.Google Scholar
Jehne, M. (2000) ‘Jovialität und Freiheit’, in Mos maiorum: Untersuchungen zu den Formen der Identitätstiftung und Stabilisierung in der römischen Republik, eds. Linke, B. and Stemmler, M.. Stuttgart: 207–35.Google Scholar
Jehne, M. (2016) ‘The senatorial economics of status in the late republic’, in Money and Power in the Roman Republic, eds. Beck, H., Jehne, M. and Serrati, J.. Brussels: 188207.Google Scholar
Jongman, W. (2007) ‘The early Roman empire: consumption’, in The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World, eds. Scheidel, W., Morris, I. and Saller, R.. Cambridge: 592618.Google Scholar
Kay, P. (2014) Rome’s Economic Revolution. Oxford.Google Scholar
Keulen, W. H. (2009) Gellius the Satirist: Roman Cultural Authority in Attic Nights. Leiden and Boston.Google Scholar
Kindstrand, J. F. (1976) Bion of Borysthenes. Uppsala.Google Scholar
Klingenberg, A. (2011) Sozialer Abstieg in der Römischen Kaiserzeit: Risiken der Oberschicht in der Zeit von Augustus bis zum Ende der Severer. Paderborn.Google Scholar
Klodt, C. (2000) Bescheidene Größe: Die Herrschergestalt, der Kaiserpalast und die Stadt Rom in literarischen Reflexionen monarchischer Selbstdarstellung. Göttingen.Google Scholar
Kovesi Killerby, C. (2002) Sumptuary Law in Italy: 1200–1500. Oxford.Google Scholar
Kübler, B. (1931) ‘Sumptus’, RE 4, A.1: 901–8.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. B. (2015a) ‘The dynamics of social status and prestige in Pliny, Juvenal and Martial’, in Social Status and Prestige in the Graeco-Roman World, ed. Kuhn, A. B.. Stuttgart: 928.Google Scholar
Kuhn, A. B. (2015b) ‘Prestige und Statussymbolik als machtpolitische Ressourcen im Prinzipat des Claudius’, in Social Status and Prestige in the Graeco-Roman World, ed. Kuhn, A. B.. Stuttgart: 205–32.Google Scholar
Kunkel, W. and Wittmann, R. (1995) Staatsordnung und Staatspraxis der römischen Republik: Die Magistratur. Munich.Google Scholar
La Penna, A. (1989) ‘La leggitimazione del lusso privato da Ennio a Vitruvio: momenti, problemi, personaggi’, Maia 41: 334.Google Scholar
La Penna, A. (1990) ‘La legittimazione del lusso privato da Ennio a Vitruvio’, in Contractus e pactum. Tipicità e libertà negoziale nell’esperienza tardo repubblicana, ed. Milazzo, F.. Naples: 251–85.Google Scholar
Latouche, S. (2011) Vers une société d’abondance frugale. Paris.Google Scholar
Lavan, M. (2013) Slaves to Rome: Paradigms of Empire in Roman Culture. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Legrenzi, P. (2014) Frugalità. Bologna.Google Scholar
Lendon, J. E. (1997) Empire of Honor: The Art of Government in the Roman World. Oxford.Google Scholar
Levene, D. (1997–98) ‘God and man in the classical Latin panegyric’, PCPS 43: 66103.Google Scholar
Linke, B. (1995) Von der Verwandtschaft zum Staat: Die Entstehung politischer Organisationsformen in der römischen Frühgeschichte. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Lintott, A. W. (1972) ‘Imperial expansion and moral decline in the Roman empire’, Historia 31: 626–38.Google Scholar
Lippold, A. (2012) ‘The ideal of the ruler and attachment to tradition in Pacatus’ Panegyric’, in Oxford Readings in Classical Studies: Latin Panegyric, ed. Rees, R.. Oxford: 360–86 [= ‘Herrscherideal und Traditionsverbundenheit im Panegyricus des Pacatus’, Historia 17, 1968, 228–50]Google Scholar
Loar, M. P., MacDonald, C. and Padilla Peralta, D. (eds.) (2018) Rome, Empire of Plunder: The Dynamics of Cultural Appropriation. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Lo Cascio, E. (1988) ‘Ancora sui censi minimi delle cinque classi “serviani”’, Athenaeum 66: 273302.Google Scholar
Lo Cascio, E. (2016) ‘Property classes, elite wealth, and income distribution in the late republic’, in Money and Power in the Roman Republic, eds. Beck, H., Jehne, M. and Serrati, J.. Brussels: 153–64.Google Scholar
Manning, J. G. (2018) The Open Sea: The Economic Life of the Ancient Mediterranean World from the Iron Age to the Rise of Rome. Princeton and Oxford.Google Scholar
Manning, J. G. and Morris, I. (eds.) (2005) The Ancient Economy: Evidence and Models. Stanford.Google Scholar
Marcone, A. (2016) ‘Il rapporto tra agricoltura e pastorizia nel mondo romano nella storiografia recente’, MEFRA 128.2: 287–95.Google Scholar
Märtin, S. (2012) Die politische Führungsschicht der römischen Republik im 2.Jh.v.Chr. zwischen Konformitätsstreben und struktureller Differenzierung. Trier.Google Scholar
Marzano, A. (2013) Harvesting the Sea: The Exploitation of Marine Resources in the Roman Mediterranean. Oxford.Google Scholar
Mattingley, H. (1937) ‘The property qualifications of the Roman classes’, JRS 27: 99107.Google Scholar
Meier, C. (1966/1980) Res publica amissa: Eine Studie zu Verfassung und Geschichte der späten römischen Republik. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Mengotti, F. (1787) Del Commercio de’ Romani. Padua.Google Scholar
Mette, H. J. (1961) ‘genus tenue und mensa tenuis bei Horaz’, MH 18: 136–9.Google Scholar
Meursius, J. (1605) De luxu Romanorum. The Hague.Google Scholar
Monbiot, G. (2019) ‘For the sake of life on Earth, we must put a limit on wealth’, The Guardian, 19 September, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/sep/19/life-earth-wealth-megarich-spending-power-environmental-damage (last accessed 9 February 2020).Google Scholar
Monson, A. and Scheidel, W. (2015), ‘Studying fiscal regimes’, in Fiscal Regimes and the Political Economy of Premodern States, eds. Monson, A. and Scheidel, W.. Cambridge: 327.Google Scholar
Montesquieu, C. L. (1734) Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains et de leur décadence. Paris.Google Scholar
Morley, N. (2004a) Theories, Models and Concepts in Ancient History. London.Google Scholar
Morley, N. (2004b) ‘Decadence as a theory of history’, New Literary History 35: 573–85.Google Scholar
Morley, N. (2018) ‘Frugality and Roman economic thinking in Varro’s Rerum rusticarum’, I Quaderni del Ramo d’Oro 10: 4154, www.qro.unisi.it/frontend/node/215 (last accessed 9 February 2020).Google Scholar
Morris, I. (1999) ‘Foreword’, in Finley, M. I., The Ancient Economy, 2nd edn. Berkeley and Los Angeles: ixxxvii.Google Scholar
Morton Braund, S. (2012) ‘Praise and protreptic in early imperial panegyric: Cicero, Seneca, Pliny’, in Oxford Readings in Classical Studies: Latin Panegyric, ed. Rees, R.. Oxford: 85108.Google Scholar
Mouritsen, H. (2011) The Freedman in the Roman World. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Mouritsen, H. (2017) Politics in the Roman Republic. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Muzzarelli, M. G. and Campanini, A. (eds.) (2003) Disciplinare il lusso: La legislazione suntuaria in Italia e in Europa tra Medioevo ed Età Moderna. Rome.Google Scholar
Neel, J. (2015) ‘Reconsidering the affectatores regni’, CQ 65: 224–41.Google Scholar
Nichols, M. (2010) ‘Contemporary perspectives on luxury building in second-century BC Rome’, PBSR 78: 3961.Google Scholar
Nicolet, C. (1976) ‘Le cens senatorial sous la République et sous Auguste’, JRS 66: 2038.Google Scholar
Nixon, C. E. V. and Saylor Rodgers, B. (1994) In Praise of Later Roman Emperors: The Panegyrici Latini. Berkeley, Los Angeles and Oxford.Google Scholar
Omissi, A. (2018) Emperors and Usurpers in the Later Roman Empire: Civil War, Panegyric, and the Construction of Legitimacy. Oxford.Google Scholar
Osborne, R. (2006), ‘Introduction: Roman poverty in context’, in Poverty in the Roman World, eds. Atkins, M. and Osborne, R.. Cambridge: 120.Google Scholar
Palmer, L. R. (1988) The Latin Language. Norman.Google Scholar
Pasco-Pranger, M. (2015) ‘Finding examples at home: Cato, Curius Dentatus, and the origins of Roman literary exemplarity’, CA 34: 296321.Google Scholar
Passet, L. (2011) Refuse du luxe et frugalité à Rome: Histoire d’un combat politique (fin du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. – fin du IIe siècle av. J.-C.). Doctoral thesis, Lyons.Google Scholar
Pennink, E. (1826) De luxu et legibus sumptuariis ex oeconomica politica diiudicandis. Leyden.Google Scholar
Perry, E. E. (2000) ‘Notes on diligentia as a term of Roman art criticism’, CP 95: 445–58.Google Scholar
Petrocheilos, N. (1974) Roman Attitudes Towards the Greeks. Athens.Google Scholar
Pichon, R. (2012/1906) ‘The origin of the Panegyrici Latini collection’, in Latin Panegyric, ed. Rees, R.. Oxford: 5574.Google Scholar
Pina Polo, F. (2006) ‘The tyrant must die: preventative tyrannicide in Roman political thought’, in Républicas y ciudadanos: modelos departicipación cívica en el mundo antiguo, eds. Símon, F. M., Pina Polo, F. and Remesal Rodríguez., J. Barcelona: 71101.Google Scholar
Pina Polo, F. (2016) ‘Cupiditas pecuniae: wealth and power in Cicero’, in Money and Power in the Roman Republic, eds. Beck, H., Jehne, M. and Serrati, J.. Brussels: 165–77.Google Scholar
Pittia, S. (2007) ‘L’invisible hiérarchie censitaire romaine’, in Vocabulaire et expression de l’économie dans le monde antique, eds. Andreau, J. and Chankowski, V.. Bordeaux: 145–76.Google Scholar
Pitts, M. and Versluys, M. J. (eds.) (2015) Globalisation and the Roman World: World History, Connectivity and Material Culture. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Platner, F. (1752) De legibus sumptuariis, 2. Abhandlung. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Prag, J. R. W. (2016) ‘Antiquae sunt istae leges et mortuae: the plebiscitum Claudianum and associated laws’, MEFRA 128.1: 6576.Google Scholar
Price, H. (2019) ‘Flooding the Roman Forum’, in Augustus and the Destruction of History: The Politics of the Past in Early Imperial Rome, eds. Gildenhard, I. et al. Cambridge: 189222.Google Scholar
Raaflaub, K. A. (1986/2005) Social Struggles in Archaic Rome: New Perspectives on the Conflict of the Orders, expanded and updated edition. Malden and Oxford.Google Scholar
Rathbone, D. (1993) ‘The “census” qualifications of the “assidui” and the “prima classis”’, in De agricultura: in memoriam Pieter Willem De Neeve, eds. Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H. et al. Amsterdam: 121–52.Google Scholar
Rawson, E. (1969) The Spartan Tradition in European Thought. Oxford.Google Scholar
Reay, B. (2005) ‘Agriculture, writing, and Cato’s aristocratic self-fashioning’, CA 24: 331–61.Google Scholar
Rees, R. (2004) ‘The private lives of public figures in Latin prose panegyric’, in The Propaganda of Power: The Role of Panegyric in Late Antiquity, ed. Whitby, M.. Leiden, Boston, Cologne: 77101.Google Scholar
Rees, R. (2018) ‘Authorising freedom of speech under Theodosius’, in Imagining Emperors in the Later Roman Empire, eds. Burgersdijk, D.P.W. and Ross, A. J.. Leiden: 289309.Google Scholar
Rhee, H. (2012) ‘Wealth, poverty, and eschatology: pre-Constantine Christian social thought and the hope for the world to come’, in Reading Patristic Texts on Social Ethics: Issues and Challenges for the Twenty-First Century, eds. Leemans, J., Matz, B. J. and Verstraeten, J.. Washington, DC: 6484.Google Scholar
Richardson, J. H. (2019) ‘Some thoughts on suffragium and the practice of voting in archaic Rome’, Hermes 147: 283–97.Google Scholar
Richardson, J. H. and Santangelo, F. (eds.) (2014) The Roman Historical Tradition: Regal and Republican Rome. Oxford.Google Scholar
Richardson-Hay, C. (2009) ‘Dinner at Seneca’s table: the philosophy of food’, G&R 56: 7196.Google Scholar
Richlin, A. (2017) Slave Theater in The Roman Republic: Plautus and Popular Comedy. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Rising, T. (2019) ‘Bread and bandits: Clodius and the grain supply of Rome’, Hermes 147: 189203.Google Scholar
Rodgers, B. (1986) ‘Divine insinuation in the Panegyrici Latini’, Historia 35: 69104.Google Scholar
Roller, M. B. (2010) ‘Culture-based approaches’, in Oxford Handbook of Roman Studies, eds. Barchiesi, A. and Scheidel, W.. Oxford: 234–49.Google Scholar
Roselaar, S. T. (2010) Public Land in the Roman Republic: A Social and Economic History of Ager Publicus in Italy, 396–89 BC. Oxford.Google Scholar
Rosenstein, N. (2006) ‘Aristocratic values’, in A Companion to the Roman Republic, eds. Rosenstein, N. and Morstein-Marx, R.. Malden: 365–82.Google Scholar
Rosso, E. (2009) ‘Le thème de la “Res publica restituta” dans le monnayage de Vespasien: pérennité du “modèle ausgustéen” entre citations, réinterprétations et dévoiements’, in Le principat d’Auguste: Réalités et représentations du pouvoir autour de la Res publica restituta, eds. Hurlet, F. and Mineo, B.. Rennes: 209–42.Google Scholar
Roth, R. (2019) ‘Sympathy with the allies? Abusive magistrates and political discourse in republican Rome’, AJP 140: 123–66.Google Scholar
Rowan, C. (2013) ‘The profits of war and cultural capital: silver and society in republican Rome’, Historia 62: 361–86.Google Scholar
Russell, A. (2016) The Politics of Public Space in Republican Rome. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Russell, A. (2019) ‘The Augustan senate and the reconfiguration of time on the Fasti Capitolini’, in Augustus and the Destruction of History: The Politics of the Past in Early Imperial Rome, eds. Gildenhard, I. et al. Cambridge: 157–86.Google Scholar
Russell, B. (2013) The Economics of the Roman Stone Trade. Oxford.Google Scholar
Russo, F. (2015) ‘Roman discourses against the monarchy in the 3rd and 2nd century BCE: the evidence of Fabius Pictor and Ennius’, in Antimonarchic Discourse in Antiquity, ed. Börm, H.. Stuttgart: 153–80.Google Scholar
Rutherford, R. B. (1989) The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius: A Study. Oxford.Google Scholar
Sahlins, M. D. (1985) Islands of History. Chicago.Google Scholar
Sahlins, M. D. (1995) How ‘Natives’ Think: About Captain Cook, for Example. Chicago.Google Scholar
Saller, R. (2005) ‘Framing the debate over growth in the ancient economy’, in The Ancient Economy: Evidence and Models, ed. Manning, J. G. and Morris, I.. Stanford: 223–38.Google Scholar
Salvioli, L. (1929) Il capitalismo antico: storia dell’economia romana. Bari.Google Scholar
Sauerwein, I. (1970) Die leges sumptuariae als römische Maßnahme gegen den Sittenverfall. Hamburg.Google Scholar
Savio, E (1940) ‘Intorno alle leggi suntuarie Romane’, Aevum 1: 174–94.Google Scholar
Scheidel, W. (ed.) (2012a) The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Scheidel, W. (ed.) (2012b) ‘Approaching the Roman economy’, in The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy, ed. Scheidel, W.. Cambridge: 121.Google Scholar
Scheidel, W. (ed.) (2015) ‘The early Roman monarchy’, in Fiscal Regimes and the Political Economy of Premodern States, eds. Monson, A. and Scheidel, W.. Cambridge: 229–57.Google Scholar
Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J. (2009) ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman empire’, JRS 99: 6191.Google Scholar
Scheidel, W., Morris, I. and Saller, R. (2007) ‘Introduction’, in The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World, eds. Scheidel, W., Morris, I. and Saller, R.. Cambridge: 112.Google Scholar
Scheidle, K. (1993) Modus optumum: die Bedeutung des ‘rechten Maßes’ in der römischen Literatur (Republik–frühe Kaiserzeit), untersucht an den Begriffen modus – modestia – moderatio – temperantia. Frankfurt am Main.Google Scholar
Schnurbusch, D. (2011) Convivium: Form und Bedeutung aristokratischer Geselligkeit in der römischen Antike. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Schulz, V. (2019) Deconstructing Imperial Representation: Tacitus, Cassius Dio, and Suetonius on Nero and Domitian. Leiden and Boston.Google Scholar
Sciarrino, E. (2011) Cato the Censor and the Beginnings of Latin Prose: From Poetic Translation to Elite Transcription. Columbus, OH.Google Scholar
Shatzman, I. (1975) Senatorial Wealth and Roman Politics. Brussels.Google Scholar
Shelton, J.-A. (2013) The Women of Pliny’s Letters. London and New York.Google Scholar
Sirago, V. A. (1995) Storia agraria romana, Volume primo. Fase ascensionale. Naples.Google Scholar
Skutsch, O. (1985) The Annals of Quintus Ennius: edited with Introduction and Commentary. Oxford.Google Scholar
Smith, C. J. (2006) The Roman Clan: The Gens from Ancient Ideology to Modern Anthropology. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Stein-Hölkeskamp, E. (2005) Das Römische Gastmahl: Eine Kulturgeschichte. Munich.Google Scholar
Suolahti, J. (1963) The Roman Censors: A Study on Social Structures. Helsinki.Google Scholar
Tan, J. (2015) ‘The Roman Republic’, in Fiscal Regimes and the Political Economy of Premodern States, eds. Monson, A. and Scheidel, W.. Cambridge: 208–28.Google Scholar
Tan, J. (2017) Power and Public Finance at Rome, 264–49 BCE. Oxford.Google Scholar
Taylor, C. (2017) Poverty, Wealth, & Well-Being: Experiencing Penia in Democratic Athens. Oxford.Google Scholar
Tchernia, A. (2011) Les Romains et le commerce. Naples. [= The Romans and Trade, trans. J. Grieve. Oxford 2016.]Google Scholar
Temin, P. (2013) The Roman Market Economy. Princeton and Oxford.Google Scholar
Townsend, P. (1979) Poverty in the United Kingdom: A Survey of Household Resources and Standards of Living. Berkeley and Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Townsend, P. (1985) ‘A sociological approach to the measurement of poverty’, Oxford Economic Papers 37: 659–68.Google Scholar
Tuck, S. L. (2016) ‘Imperial image-making’, in A Companion to the Flavian Age of Imperial Rome, ed. Zissos, A.. Chichester: 109–28.Google Scholar
van der Blom, H. (2010) Cicero’s Role Models: The Political Strategy of a Newcomer. Oxford.Google Scholar
Vasaly, A. (1993) Representations: Images of the World in Ciceronian Oratory. Berkeley and Oxford.Google Scholar
Venturini, C. (2004), ‘Leges sumptuariae’, Index 32: 355–80. [= Studi di diritto delle persone e di vita sociale in Roma antica, Naples 2014, 553–82.]Google Scholar
Venturini, C. (2009), ‘Senatori e navi dal plebiscito Claudio alla lex Iulia repetundarum: qualche rilievo’, in Scritti in onore di Generoso Melillo 3, Napoli, 1459–71. [=Studi di diritto delle persone e di vita sociale in Roma antica, Naples 2014, 421–36.]Google Scholar
Venturini, C. (2016) ‘Leges sumptuariae: divieti senza sanzioni?’, in Le luxe et les lois somptuaires dans la Rome antique, eds. Andreau, J. and Coudry, M. (= MEFRA 128.1). Rome: 41–6.Google Scholar
Veyne, P. (1990) Bread and Circuses: Historical Sociology and Political Pluralism, trans. Pearce, P.. London.Google Scholar
Viglietti, C. (2011) Il limite del bisogno: Antropologia economica di Roma arcaica. Bologna.Google Scholar
Viglietti, C. (2018) ‘Economy’, in The World through Roman Eyes: Anthropological Approaches to Ancient Culture, eds. Bettini, M. and Short, W. M.. Cambridge: 216–48.Google Scholar
Vigourt, A. (2001a) ‘L’intention criminelle et son châtiment: les condamnations des aspirants à la tyrannie’, in L’invention des grands hommes de la Rome antique, eds. Coudry, M. and Späth, T.. Paris: 271–88.Google Scholar
Vigourt, A. (2001b) ‘Les adfectores regni et les normes sociales’, L’invention des grands hommes de la Rome antique, eds. Coudry, M. and Späth, T.. Paris: 333–40.Google Scholar
von Reden, S. (2019) ‘Review of Coffee 2017’, Gnomon 91: 625–9.Google Scholar
Wallace-Hadrill, A. (1982) ‘Civilis princeps: between citizen and king’, JRS 72:3248.Google Scholar
Wallace-Hadrill, A. (2008) Rome’s Cultural Revolution. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Walter, U. (2017a) ‘Legislation in the Roman republic: setting rules or just political communication?’, in La norme sous la République romaine et le Haut-Empire, eds. Itgenshorst, T. and Le Doze, P.. Bordeaux: 533–40.Google Scholar
Walter, U. (2017b) ‘Spes pro periculis praemiorum: Risiko und Aktualität im politischen Agieren republikanischer Aristokraten’, in Politische Kultur und soziale Struktur der Römischen Republik: Bilanzen und Perspektiven (= Akten der internationalen Tagung anlässlich des 70. Todestages von Friedrich Münzer, Münster, 1820. Oktober 2012), eds. M. Haake and A.-C. Harders. Stuttgart: 361–80.Google Scholar
Ware, C. (2019) ‘Review article: panegyric and the discourse of praise in late antiquity’, JRS 109: 114 (first view).Google Scholar
Weeber, K.-W. (2006) Luxus im alten Rom: Die öffentliche Pracht. Darmstadt.Google Scholar
Weeber, K.-W. (2007) Luxus im alten Rom: Die Schwelgerei, das süße Gift, 2nd edn. Darmstadt.Google Scholar
Weinbrot, H. D. (2005) Menippean Satire Reconsidered: From Antiquity to the Eighteenth Century. Baltimore.Google Scholar
White, K. D. (1970) Roman Farming. London and Southampton.Google Scholar
Whitton, C. (2019) The Arts of Imitation in Latin Prose: Pliny’s Epistles/Quintilian in Brief. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Wilson, A. and Bowman, A. (eds.) (2018) Trade, Commerce, and the State in the Roman World. Oxford.Google Scholar
Wilson, A. and Flohr, M. (eds.) (2016) Urban Craftsmen and Traders in the Roman World. Oxford.Google Scholar
Winterling, A. (2011) Caligula: A Biography. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Wiseman, T. P. (1969) ‘The census in the first century B.C.’, JRS 59: 5975.Google Scholar
Wiseman, T. P. (2001) ‘Reading Carandini’, JRS 91: 182–93.Google Scholar
Wiseman, T. P. (2002) ‘Roman history and the ideological vacuum’, in Classics in Progress: Essays on Ancient Greece and Rome, ed. Wiseman, T. P.. Oxford and New York: 285310.Google Scholar
Wolffhard, J. P. (1737) De legibus cibariis post legem Fanniam. Rinteln.Google Scholar
Wood, S. (2016) ‘Public image of the Flavian dynasty: sculpture and coinage’, A Companion to the Flavian Age of Imperial Rome, ed. Zissos, A.. Chichester: 129–47.Google Scholar
Woodman, A. J. and Martin, R. H. (1996) The Annals of Tacitus: Book 3, edited with commentary. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Zanda, E. (2011) Fighting Hydra–Like Luxury: Sumptuary Regulation in the Roman Republic. Bristol.Google Scholar
Zissos, A. (ed.) (2016) A Companion to the Flavian Age of Imperial Rome. Chichester.Google Scholar
Zumpt, C. G. (1841) Über den Stand der Bevölkerung und die Volksmehrung im Altertum. Berlin.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×