Altenmüller, H. 1967. Darstellungen der Jagd im alten Ägypten. Hamburg – Berlin: Verlag Paul Parey.Google Scholar

Altenmüller, H. 1980. Jagd. Lexicon der Ägyptologie III, 224–32.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 2005. Death and Salvation in Ancient Egypt, translated by D. Lorton. Ithaca, NY – London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Bere, R. 1970. Antelopes. London: Arco Publishing.Google Scholar

Bietak, M., Marinatos, N. & Palivou, C., 2007. Taureador Scenes in Tell el-Dab’a (Avaris) and Knossos. (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Denkschriften der Gesamtakademie 43, Untersuchungen der Zweigstelle Kairo des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes 27). Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Blackman, A. M. 1914. The Rock Tombs of Meir, I. London: Egypt Exploration Fund.Google Scholar

Bleeker, C. J. 1967. Egyptian Festivals. Enactments of Religious Renewal. Leiden: E. J. Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bloch, M. 1992. Prey into Hunter. The Politics of Religious Experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Burghardt, G. M. 2006. The Genesis of Animal Play. Testing the Limits. Cambridge, MA – London: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Capart, M. J. 1931. Note sur un fragment de bas-relief au British Museum. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale XXX (1931), 73–5.Google Scholar

Chapin, A. P. 2007. Boys will be boys: youth and gender identity in the Theran frescoes, in Constructions of Childhood in Ancient Greece and Italy, eds. Cohen, A. & Rutter, J. B.. (Hesperia Supplement 41). Princeton, NJ: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 229–55.Google Scholar

Chapin, A. P. 2009. Constructions of male youth and gender in Aegean art: the evidence from Late Bronze Age Crete and Thera, in Fylo: Engendering Prehistoric ‘Stratigraphies’ in the Aegean and the Mediterranean. Proceedings of an International Conference, University of Crete, Rethymno 2–5 June 2005, ed. Kopaka, Katerina. (Aegaeum 30). Liège and Austin: Université de Liège and University of Texas at Austin, 175–82.Google Scholar

Coulomb, J. 1981. Les boxeurs minoen. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 105, 27–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

David, R. 1981. A Guide to Religious Ritual at Abydos. Warminster: Aris & Phillips.Google Scholar

Davies, N. de Garis, 1900. The Mastaba of Ptahhotep and Akhethetep, Part I. London: Egypt Exploration Fund.Google Scholar

Davies, N. de Garis, 1905. The Rock Tombs of El Amarna,Part II. The Tombs of Panehesy and Meryra II. London: Egypt Exploration Fund.Google Scholar

Davis, E. N. 1986. Youth and age in the Thera frescoes. American Journal of Archaeology 90:4, 399–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Decker, W. 1992. Sports and Games in Ancient Egypt. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Decker, W., 2006. Pharao und Sport. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern.Google Scholar

Decker, W. & Herb, M., 1994. Bildatlas zum Sport im alten Ägypten. Corpus der bildlichen quellen zu Leibesübung, Spiel, Jagd, Tanz und vervandten Themen. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar

Doumas, C. 1987. Ή ξεστή 3 καί οί κικινοκέφαλοι στήν τής Θήρας, in ΕΙΛΑΠΙΝΗ, Τόμος τιμητικός γιά τόν Καθηγητή Νικόλαο Πλάτωνα, eds. Kastrinaki, L., Orphanou, G. & Giannadakis, N., Iraklion: Municipality of Iraklion, 151–9.Google Scholar

Doumas, C. 1992. The Wall-Paintings of Thera. Athens: The Thera Foundation, Petros M. Nomikos.Google Scholar

Doumas, C. 2000. Age and gender in the Theran wall paintings, in The Wall Paintings of Thera. Proceedings of the First International Symposium, Petros M. Nomikos Conference Centre, Thera, Hellas, 30 August – 4 September 1997, Vol. II, ed. Sherratt, S.. Athens: Thera Foundation – Petros M. Nomikos and The Thera Foundation, 971–81.Google Scholar

Duell, P. 1938. The Mastaba of Mereruka, Part I. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Erman, A. & Grapow, H., 1926/1930. Wörterbuch der Aegyptischen Sprache. Vol. 1 / Vol. IV. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs Buchhandlung.Google Scholar

Fakhry, A. 1943. A note on the tomb of Kheruef. Annales du Service des Antiquités de l’Égypt xlii (1943), 449–508.Google Scholar

Faulkner, R. O. 1981. A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian. Oxford: Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum.Google Scholar

Galán, J. M. 1994. Bullfight scenes in ancient Egyptian tombs. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 80, 81–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Garwood, P. 2011. Rites of passage, in Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Ritual and Religion, ed. Insoll, T.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 261–78.Google Scholar

Germond, P. & Livet, J., 2001. An Egyptian Bestiary. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar

Grimes, R. L. 2003. Deeply into the Bone. Re-inventing Rites of Passage. Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Halioua, B. & Ziskind, B., 2005. Medicine in the Days of the Pharaohs. Cambridge, MA – London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Harpur, Y. 1987. Decoration in Egyptian Tombs of the Old Kingdom. Studies in Orientation and Scene Content. London – New York: KPI.Google Scholar

Harpur, Y. & Scremin, P., 2008. The Chapel of Ptahhotep. Scene Details. Oxford: Oxford Expedition to Egypt.Google Scholar

Herbert, E. W. 1993. Iron, Gender, and Power: Rituals of Transformation in African Societies. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar

Hölscher, U. 1941. Medinet Habu, Vol. III, Part I. Chicago: The University of Chicago Oriental Institute Publications.Google Scholar

Houlihan, P. F. 1996. The Animal World of the Pharaohs. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar

Huizinga, J. 1955. Homo Ludens. A Study of the Play Element in Culture. Boston: The Beacon Press.Google Scholar

Huxley, J., ed. 1966. Ritualization of Behaviour in Animals and Man. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Vol. 251, Biological Sciences, London.Google Scholar

James, T. G. H. & Apted, M. R., 1953. The Mastaba of Khentika called Ikhekhi. London: Egyptian Exploration Society.Google Scholar

Janssen, R. M. & Janssen, J. J., 1990. Growing up in Ancient Egypt. London: Rubicon Press.Google Scholar

Kanawati, N. 1991. Bullfighting in ancient Egypt. Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 2, 51–8.Google Scholar

Kanawati, N., Woods, A., Shafik, S. & Alexakisi, E., 2010 and 2011. Mereruka and His Family, Part III:1 and Part III:2. The Tomb of Mereruka. The Australian Centre for Egyptology: Reports 29 and 30. Oxford: Aris and Phillips.Google Scholar

Karageorghis, V. 1990. Rites de passage at Thera: some Oriental comparanda, in Thera and the Aegean World III, Proceedings of the Third International Congress Santorini, Greece, 3–9 September 1989, Vol. One, ed. Hardy, D. A.. London: The Thera Foundation, 67–71.Google Scholar

Koehl, R. B. 1986. The Chieftain Cup and a Minoan rite of passage. Journal of Hellenic Studies 106, 99–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lange, K. & Hirmer, M., 1968. Egypt. Architecture, Sculpture, Painting in Three Thousand Years. London – New York: Phaidon.Google Scholar

La Fontaine, J. S. 1985. Initiation. Ritual Drama and Secret Knowledge Across the World. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.Google Scholar

Leach, E. R. 1958. Magical hair. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 88:2 (Jul.–Dec), 147–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lorenz, K. (1966) 2002. On Aggression. London – New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Mariette, A. 1869. Abydos: description des fouilles exécutées sur l’emplacement de cette ville Vol. 1. Paris: Imprimerie nationale.Google Scholar

Marinatos, N. 1984. Art and Religion in Thera. Athens: D. and I. Mathioulakis.Google Scholar

Marinatos, N. 1989. The bull as an adversary: some observations on bull-hunting and bull-leaping. Αφιέρωμα ατον Στυλιάνο Αλεξίου, Ariadne 5: 23–32.Google Scholar

Marinatos, N. 1993. Minoan Religion. Ritual, Image and Symbol. Columbia, SC: University of Carolina Press.Google Scholar

Marinatos, N. 2005. The ideals of manhood in Minoan Crete, in Aegean Wall Painting: A Tribute to Mark Cameron, ed. Morgan, L.. London: British School at Athens Studies 13, 149–58.Google Scholar

Marinatos, N. 2010. Lions from Tell el-Dab’a. Ägypten und Levante / Egypt and the Levant 20, 325–55.Google Scholar

Marinatos, S. & Hirmer, M., 1960. Crete and Mycenae. London: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar

Militello, P. 2003. Il rhytòn dei Lottatori e le scene di combattimento: battaglie, duelli, agoni e competizioni nella Creta neopalaziale. Creta Antica 4, 359–401. English abstract: “The Boxer Rhyton and the Scenes of Fighting, War, Combat, and Competition in Neopalatial Crete,” p. 401.Google Scholar

Mitchell, J. P. 2006. Performance, in Handbook of Material Culture, ed. Tilley, C., Keane, W., Küchler, S., Rowlands, M. & Spyer, P.. London: Sage Publications, 384–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mitchell, J. P. 2007. Towards an archaeology of performance, in Cult in Context. Reconsidering Ritual in Archaeology, ed. Barrowclough, D. A. & Malone, C.. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 336–9.Google Scholar

Morgan, L. 1995. Of animals and men: the symbolic parallel, in: Klados. Essays in Honour of Professor J.N. Coldstream, ed. Morris, C.. London: Institute of Classical Studies, 171–84.Google Scholar

Morgan, L. 1998. Power of the beast: human-animal symbolism in Egyptian and Aegean art. Ägypten und Levant / Egypt and the Levant 7, 17–31.Google Scholar

Morgan, L. 2000. Form and meaning in figurative painting, in: The Wall Paintings of Thera. Proceedings of the First International Symposium, Petros M. Nomikos Conference Centre, Thera, Hellas, 30 August - 4 September 1997, Vol. II, ed. S. Sherratt. Athens: Thera Foundation - Petros M. Nomikos and The Thera Foundation, 925–46.Google Scholar

Morgan, L. 2010a. A pride of leopards: a unique aspect of the Hunt Frieze from Tell el-Dab^ca. Aegypten und Levante / Egypt and the Levant 20, 263–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Morgan, L. 2010b. An Aegean griffin in Egypt: the Hunt Frieze at Tell el-Dab^ca. Aegypten und Levante / Egypt and the Levant, 20, 303–23.Google Scholar

Morgan, L., 2016. The transformative power of mural art: ritual space, symbolism, and the mythic imagination, in Metaphysis: Ritual, Myth and Symbolism in the Aegean Bronze Age, Proceedings of the 15th International Aegean Conference, Vienna, 22–25 April 2014 (Aegaeum 39), eds. Alram-Stern, E., Blakolmer, F., Deger-Jalkotzy, S., Laffineur, R. & Weilharnter, J.. Leuven-Liège: Université de Liège, 187–197.Google Scholar

Morris, B. 1998. The Power of Animals. An Ethnography. Oxford – New York: Berg.Google Scholar

Morris, B. 2000. Animals and Ancestors. An Ethnography. Oxford – New York: Berg.Google Scholar

Nelson, H. H. 1930. Medinet Habu I. Earlier Historical Records of Rameses III. The University of Chicago Oriental Institute Publications Vol. VIII. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Nelson, H. H. 1932. Medinet Habu II. Later Historical Records of Rameses III. The University of Chicago Oriental Institute Publications Vol. IX. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Newberry, P. E. 1893/1894. Beni Hasan. Part I / Part II. London: Egypt Exploration Fund.Google Scholar

Nims, C. I., Habachi, L., Wente, E. F. & Larkin, D. B., 1980. The Tomb of Kheruef. Theban Tomb 194. The Epigraphic Survey in cooperation with The Department of Antiquities of Egypt. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.Google Scholar

Nunn, J. F. (1996) 2002. Ancient Egyptian Medicine. London: British Museum Press.Google Scholar

O’Connor, D., 2009. Abydos. Egypt’s First Pharaohs and the Cult of Osiris. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar

O’Connor, D. 2012. The Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu, in Ramesses III. The Life and Times of Egypt’s Last Hero, eds. Cline, E. H. and O’Connor, D.. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 209–70.Google Scholar

Paliou, E., Wheatley, D. & Earl, G., 2011. Three-dimensional visibility analysis of architectural spaces: iconography and visibility of the wall paintings of Xesté 3 (Late Bronze Age Akrotiri). Journal of Archaeological Science 38, 375–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Palyvou, C. 2005. Akrotiri Thera: An Architecture of Affluence 3500 Years Old. Philadelphia, PA: INSTAP Academic Press, Prehistory Monographs 15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Papageorgiou, I. 2000. On the Rites de Passage in Late Cycladic Akrotiri, Thera: a reconsideration of the frescoes of the ‘Priestess’ and the ‘Fishermen’ of the West House, in The Wall Paintings of Thera. Proceedings of the First International Symposium, Petros M. Nomikos Conference Centre, Thera, Hellas, 30 August – 4 September 1997, Vol. II, ed. Sherratt, S.. Athens: Thera Foundation – Petros M. Nomikos and The Thera Foundation, 958–70.Google Scholar

Papageorgiou, I. 2008. Children and adolescents in Minoan art, in From the Land of the Labyrinth. Minoan Crete, 3000–1100 B.C. Essays, eds. Andreadaki-Vlazaki, M., Rethemiotakis, G. & Dimopoulou-Rethemiotaki, N.. Hellenic Ministry of Culture – Archaeological Museums of Crete, 89–95.Google Scholar

Papageorgiou, I., in press (a). Η πορεία προς την ενηλικίωση στο προϊστορικό Ακρωτήρι, ΑΛΣ 8 (2011–12). ‘Coming age in prehistoric Akrotiri, Thera’.Google Scholar

Papageorgiou, I., in press (b). Προθάλαμος Ξεστής 3: “Η επάνοδος των κυνηγών” Εισαγωγικές παρατηρήσεις με αφορμή δύο νέες τοιχογραφίες από το Ακρωτήρι, in: Χρ. Ντούμας (επιμ.), Ακρωτήρι Θήρας. 40 χρόνια έρευνας. ‘The vestibule of Xeste 3: “The return of the hunters”. Introductory remarks on two “new” wall-paintings from Akrotiri, Thera’, in Akrotiri, Thera: Forty Years of Research (1967–2007), C. Doumas, ed.Google Scholar

Parry, B. 2007. Tribe, Series 2: Hamar. Produced and directed by J. Smith, J. Clay, S. Robinson, G. Johnston, presented by B. Parry. A BBC Wales / Discovery Channel co-production, originally transmitted 2006, DVD 2007.Google Scholar

Piccione, P. A. 1999. Sportive fencing as a ritual for destroying the enemies of Horus, in Gold of Praise: Studies on Ancient Egypt in Honor of Edward F. Wente, eds. Teeter, E. & Larson, J. A.. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 58, Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 335–49.Google Scholar

Platon, L. 2008. Athletics and sports, in From the Land of the Labyrinth. Minoan Crete, 3000–1100 B.C. Essays, eds. Andreadaki-Vlazaki, M., Rethemiotakis, G. & Dimopoulou-Rethemiotaki, N.. Hellenic Ministry of Culture – Archaeological Museums of Crete: New York, 96–9.Google Scholar

Porter, B. & Moss, R. L. B., 1960. Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs and Paintings. The Theban Necropolis. Part I. Private Tombs. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar

Quirke, S. 1992. Ancient Egyptian Religion. London: British Museum Press.Google Scholar

Rehak, P. 1999. The Monkey Frieze from Xeste 3, Room 4: reconstruction and interpretation, in Meletemata: Studies in Aegean Archaeology Presented to Malcolm H. Wiener as He Enters His 65th Year. Vol. III, eds. Betancourt, P. P., Karageorghis, V., Laffineur, R., & Niemeier, W.-D.. Liège and Austin: Université de Liège (Histoire de l’art et archéologie de la Grèce antique) and University of Texas at Austin (Programs in Aegean Scripts and Prehistory), 705–9.Google Scholar

Roth, A. M. 1991. Egyptian Phyles in the Old Kingdom: The Evolution of a System of Social Organization. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.Google Scholar

Rutter, J. 2003. Children in Aegean prehistory, in Coming of Age in Ancient Greece. Images of Childhood from the Classical Past, eds. Neils, J. & Oakley, J. H.. New Haven, CT – London: Yale University Press, 30–57.Google Scholar

Säflund, G. 1987. The Agoge of the Minoan youth as reflected by palatial iconography, in The Function of the Minoan Palaces. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium at the Swedish Institute in Athens, 10–16 June, 1984, eds. Hägg, R. & Marinatos, N.. Stockholm: Swedish Institute in Athens.Google Scholar

Schechner, R. (1988) 2003. Performance Theory. London – New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schenkel, R. 1966. On sociology and behaviour in impala (Aepyceros melampus suara Matschie). Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 31, 177–205.Google Scholar

Shedid, A. G. 1994. Die Felsgräber von Beni Hassan in Mittelägypten. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.Google Scholar

Simpson, W. K. 1976. The Mastabas of Qar and Idu, G7101 and 7102. Boston: Department of Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art, Museum of Fine Arts.Google Scholar

Taylor, J. H. ed., 2010. Journey through the Afterlife. Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead. London: British Museum.Google Scholar

Thompson, S. E. 2001. Cults, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, ed. Redford, D. B., Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 326–33.Google Scholar

Turner, V. 1967. The Forest of Symbols. Aspects of Ndembu Ritual. Ithaca, NY – London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Turner, V. 1969. The Ritual Process. Structure and Anti-Structure. New Brunswick, NJ – London: Aldine Transaction.Google Scholar

Turner, V. 1982. From Ritual to Theatre. The Human Seriousness of Play. New York: PAJ Publications.Google Scholar

Turner, V. 1988. The Anthropology of Performance. New York: PAJ Publications.Google Scholar

Tyldesley, J. 2007. Egyptian Games and Sports. Princes Risborough: Shire Egyptology.Google Scholar

Vandier, J. 1969. Manuel d’Archaeologie Égyptienne, I. Paris: Picard.Google Scholar

Van Gennep, A. 1960. The Rites of Passage. Translated M. B. Vizedom & G. L. Caffee. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Vlachopoulos, A. G. 2000. The reed motif in the Thera wall paintings and its association with Aegean pictorial art, in The Wall Paintings of Thera. Proceedings of the First International Symposium, Petros M. Nomikos Conference Centre, Thera, Hellas, 30 August – 4 September 1997, Vol. II, ed. Susan Sherratt. Athens: Thera Foundation – Petros M. Nomikos and The Thera Foundation, 631–56.Google Scholar

Vlachopoulos, A. G. 2007. Mythos, logos and eikon. Motifs of early Greek poetry in the wall paintings of Xeste 3 at Akrotiri, Thera, in Epos. Reconsidering Greek Epic and Aegean Bronze Age Archaeology, ed. Morris, S. P. & Laffineur, R., (Aegaeum 28). Liège and Austin: Université de Liège and University of Texas at Austin, 107–18.Google Scholar

Vlachopoulos, A. G. 2008a. The wall paintings from the Xeste 3 building at Akrotiri: towards an interpretation of the iconographic programme, in Horizon. Ορίζων: A Colloquium on the Prehistory of the Cyclades, eds. Brodie, N., Doole, J., Gavalos, G. & Renfrew, C.. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 451–65.Google Scholar

Vlachopoulos, A. G. 2008b. ‘H “Τοιχογραφία τοũ Δονακῶνος” ἀπò τò κτήριο Ξεστὴ 3 τοũ ‘Ακρωτηρίου, in Аκρωτήρι Θήρας. Τριάντα χρόνια έρευνας 1967–1997, ed. C. Doumas. Athens: Archaeologiki Etaireia, 261–86. English summary: The wall-painting of the reed bed and building Xeste 3 at Akrotiri, p. 286.Google Scholar

Vlachopoulos, A. G. 2010. L’espace rituel revisité: Architecture et iconographie dans la Xestè 3 d’Akrotiri, Théra, in Espace civil, espace religieux en Égée durant la période mycénienne: Approches épigraphique, linguistique et archéologique. Actes des journées d’archéologie et de philologie mycéniennes tenues à la Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, eds. Boehm, I. & Müller-Celka, S.. Lyon: Travaux de la Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée 54, 173–98.Google Scholar

Wilson, J. A. 1931. Ceremonial games of the New Kingdom. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 17, 211–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Withee, D. 1992. Physical growth and aging characteristics depicted on the Thera frescoes, American Journal of Archaeology 96, 336.Google Scholar

Aruz, J. 2008. Marks of Distinction, Seals and Cultural Exchange Between the Aegean and the Orient, 139–41, Corpus der Minoischen Mykenischen Siegel, Beiheft 7, Marburg: von Zabern.Google Scholar

Bietak, M., Marinatos, N. & Palyvou, C.. 2007. Taureador Scenes in Tell el Dab’a (Avaris) and Knossos, by Bietak, M., Marinatos, N. & Palyvou, C.. Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burkert, W. 1996. Creation of the Sacred: Tracks of Biology in Early Religions. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Collon, D. 1994. Bull Leaping in Syria. Egypt and the Levant 4, 81–8.Google Scholar

Dakoronia, P., Deger-Jalkotsy, S. & Sakellariou, A. (eds.), 1996. Corpus der minoischen und mykenischen Siegel Supplementum 2, Die Siegel aus der Nekropole von Elatia-Alonaki. Berlin: Mann.Google Scholar

Danthine, H. 1937. Le palmier-dattier et les arbres sacrés dans l’iconographie de l’Asie occidentale ancienne. Paris: Geuthner.Google Scholar

Doumas, Ch. 2012. “Οι εργασίες στο Ακρωτήρι κατά τα έτη 2009 και 2010”, ΑΛΣ 7, 2009–10, Athens.Google Scholar

Evans, A. 1921. The Palace of Minos: A Comparative Account of the Successive Stages of the Early Cretan Civilization as Illustrated by the Discoveries at Knossos, volume 1. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar

Evans, A. 1928. The Palace of Minos: A Comparative Account of the Successive Stages of the Early Cretan Civilization as Illustrated by the Discoveries at Knossos, volume 2. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar

Evans, A. 1930. The Palace of Minos: A Comparative Account of the Successive Stages of the Early Cretan Civilization as Illustrated by the Discoveries at Knossos, volume 3. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar

Evans, A. 1935. The Palace of Minos: A Comparative Account of the Successive Stages of the Early Cretan Civilization as Illustrated by the Discoveries at Knossos, volume 4. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar

Hood, S. 2005. Dating the Knossos frescoes, in Morgan, L., ed., Aegean Wall Painting. London: British School at Athens Studies 13, 45–82.Google Scholar

Immerwahr, S. 1990. Aegean Painting in the Bronze Age. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar

Kyle, D. G. 2007. Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Lang, Mabel 1969. The Palace of Nestor at Pylos in Western Messenia. v. II, The Frescoes. Princeton : University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lapatin, K. 2002. The Mysteries of the Snake Goddess. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.Google Scholar

Loughlin, E. 2004. Grasping the bull by the horns. Minoan bull sports, in Bell, S. & Davies, G., eds., Games and Festivals in Classical Antiquity. Proceedings of the conference held in Edinburgh 10–12 July 2000. BAR International Series 1220. Oxford: Archaeopress, 1–9.Google Scholar

Marinatos, 1984. The Date-palm in Minoan Iconography and Religion. Opuscula Atheniensia 15, 115–22.Google Scholar

Marinatos, N. 2007. Bull-leaping and royal ideology, in Taureador Scenes in Tell el Dab’a (Avaris) and Knossos, by Bietak, M., Marinatos, N. & Palyvou, C.. Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 127–32.Google Scholar

Marinatos, N. Rosette and palm on the bull frieze from Tell el Dab’a and the Minoan solar goddess of kingship, in Taureador Scenes in Tell el Dab’a (Avaris) and Knossos, by Bietak, M., Marinatos, N. & Palyvou, C.. Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 145–9.Google Scholar

Marinatos, N. 2010. Minoan Kingship and the Solar Goddess: A Near Eastern Koine. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar

Marinatos, S. N. & Hirmer, M.. 1960. Crete and Mycenae. London: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar

Morgan, L. 1985. Idea, idiom and iconography, in Darcque, P. & Poursat, J.-C., eds., L’iconographie Minoenne (Bulletin de correspondance hellénique Supplément XI). Athens: École française d’Athènes, 5–19.Google Scholar

Morgan, L. 2010. An Aegean griffin in Egypt: the hunt frieze at Tell el-Dab^ca, Aegypten und Levante / Egypt and the Levant 20, 303–23.Google Scholar

Pini, I. 2004. Corpus der minoischen und mykenischen Siegel Supplementum 3,1.Kleine Griechische Sammlungen.Google Scholar

Reusch, Helga, 1958. Zum Wandschmuck des Thronsaales in Knossos, in Minoica. Festschrift zum 80. Geburtstag von Johannes Sundwall, ed. Grumach Ernst. Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 334–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Robertson Smith, W. 1927. Lectures on the Religion of the Semites: The Fundamental Institutions. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar

Sakellarakis, J. A. 1982. Athen, Nationalmuseum, Band I Supplementum (Corpus der Minoischen und Mykenischen Siegel I Suppl.). Berlin.Google Scholar

Sakellariou, A. 1964. Die Minoischen und Mykenischen Siegel des Nationalmuseums in Athen (Corpus der Minoischen und Mykenischen Siegel I). Berlin.Google Scholar

Shaw, M. C. 2009. A bull-leaping fresco from the Nile Delta and a search for patrons and artists. American Journal of Archaeology 113, 471–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shaw, M. C. 2012. New light on the labyrinth fresco from the palace at Knossos. Annual of the British School at Athens 107, 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sipahi, T. 2000. Eine athletische Reliefvase von Hüsyindede Tepesi. Istanbul Mitteilungen 50, 63–85.Google Scholar

Teissier, B. 1996. Egyptian Iconography on Syro-Palestinian Cylinder Seals of the Middle Bronze Age. Göttingen: University Press.Google Scholar

Wooley, C. L. 1955. Alalakh: An Account of the Excavations at tell Atchana in the Hatay, 1937–1949. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 258–68.Google Scholar

Younger, J. 1976. Bronze Age representations of bull-leaping. American Journal of Archaeology 80(2), 125–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ajootian, A., 2003. Homeric time, space, and the viewer at Olympia, in The Enduring Instant. Time and the Spectator in the Visual Arts, eds. Roesler-Friedenthal, A. & Nathan, J.. Oxford: Mann, 137–63.Google Scholar

Antonaccio, C., 1995. An Archaeology of Ancestors: Tomb Cult and Hero Cult in Early Greece. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar

Barringer, J. M., 2009. The Olympia Altis before the Temple of Zeus. Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 124, 223–49.Google Scholar

Boardman, J., 2002. The Archaeology of Nostalgia. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar

Bohringer, F., 1979. Cultes d’athlètes en Grèce classique: Propos politiques, discours mythiques. Revue des Études Anciennes 81, 5–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bowden, H., 1993. Hoplites and Homer: warfare, hero cult, and the ideology of the polis, in War and Society in the Greek World, eds. Rich, J. & Shipley, G.. London and New York: Routledge, 45–63.Google Scholar

Coldstream, J. N., 1976. Hero cults in the age of Homer. Journal of Hellenic Studies 96, 8–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Connor, S., 2012. A Philosophy of Sport. London: Reaktion.Google Scholar

Crefeld, M. van, 2013. Wargames: From Gladiators to Gigabytes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Crowley, J., 2012. The Psychology of the Athenian Hoplite: The Culture of Combat in Classical Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Elias, N., 1978. On transformations of aggressiveness. Theory and Society 5.2, 229–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Elias, N., 1986. The genesis of sport as a sociological problem, in Quest for Excitement: Sport and Leisure in the Civilizing Process, eds. Elias, N. & Dunning, G.. Oxford: Blackwell, 126–49.Google Scholar

Ferguson, R. B., 1983. Introduction: studying war, in Ferguson, R. B. ed., Warfare, Culture and Environment. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 1–81.Google Scholar

Fontenrose, J., 1968. The hero as athlete. California Studies in Classical Antiquity 1, 73–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Greenhalgh, P. A. L., 1973. Early Greek Warfare: Horsemen and Chariots in the Homeric and Archaic Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Hanson, V. Davis, 1989. The Western Way of War: Infantry Battle in Classical Greece. London: Hodder.Google Scholar

Herman, G., 2006. Morality and Behaviour in Democratic Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Hoppin, J. C., 1917. Euthymides and his Fellows. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huizinga, J., [1944] 1970. Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play Element in Culture. London: Paladin.Google Scholar

Kagan, D. & Viggiano, G. F. eds., 2013. Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

König, J., 2009. Training athletes and interpreting the past in Philostratus’ Gymnasticus, in Philostratus, eds. Bowie, E. & Elsner, J., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Krentz, P., 2002. Fighting by the rules: the invention of the hoplite Agôn. Hesperia 71.1, 23–39.Google Scholar

Kurke, L., 1993. The economy of kudos, in Cultural Poetics in Ancient Greece, eds. Dougherty, C. & Kurke, L.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 131–63.Google Scholar

Lorimer, H. L., 1950. Homer and the Monuments. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar

Mariscal, L. R., 2011. Ajax and Achilles playing a board game: revisited from the literary tradition. Classical Quarterly 61.2, 394–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mayor, A., 2000. The First Fossil Hunters: Paleontology in Greek and Roman Times. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Monaco, M.C., 2007. ‘Un’isolata presenza occidentale sull’Acropoli di Atene: l’anathema di Faillo di Crotone., in E. Greco and M. Lombardi eds., Atene e l’Occidente: I grandi temi. Athens: Scuola archeologica italiana di Atene, 155–89.Google Scholar

Nagy, G., 2015. Athletic Contests in Contexts of Epic and Other Related Archaic Texts. Published online in Classics@ 13: Greek Poetry and Sport.Google Scholar

O’Sullivan, P., 2012. Playing ball in Greek antiquity, in Greece and Rome 59.1, 17–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pinker, S., 2011. The Better Angels of Our Nature: A History of Violence and Humanity. New York: Viking.Google Scholar

Pritchard, D., 2013. Sport, Democracy and War in Classical Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Renfrew, C., 1986. Introduction: peer–polity interaction and socio-political change, in Peer–Polity Interaction and Socio-political Change, eds. Renfrew, C. & Cherry, J. F.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1–18.Google Scholar

Scanlon, T. F., 2004. Homer, the Olympics, and the heroic ethos, in Kaila, M. et al. eds., The Olympic Games in Antiquity. Athens: Atropos, 61–91 (also published online in Classics@ 13: Greek Poetry and Sport [2015]).Google Scholar

Sipes, R., 1973. War, sports and aggression: an empirical test of two rival theories. American Anthropologist 75, 64–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Snodgrass, A. M., 1967. Arms and Armour of the Greeks. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar

Spivey, N., 2011. Pythagoras and the origins of Olympic ideology, in Thinking the Olympics: The Classical Tradition and the Modern Games, eds. Goff, B. & Simpson, M.. London: Bristol Classical Press, 21–39.Google Scholar

Spivey, N., 2012. The Ancient Olympics, rev. edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Strauss, B., 2005. The Battle of Salamis: The Naval Encounter that Saved Greece – and Western Civilization. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar

Vernant, J.-P. ed., 1968. Problèmes de la guerre en Grèce ancienne. Paris: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wees, H. van, 1994. The Homeric way of war: the Iliad and the hoplite phalanx, I and II, Greece and Rome 41, 1–18; 131–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wees, H. van, 1997. Homeric warfare, in Morris, I. & Powell, B. eds., A New Companion to Homer. Leiden: Brill, 668–93.Google Scholar

Whitley, J. M., 1988. Early states and hero-cults: a reappraisal. Journal of Hellenic Studies 108, 173–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aguilar, G. C. & Mendoza, V. M. C., 2007. Los señores de Zazacatla, Morelos. Arqueología mexicana 15(85): 16–19.Google Scholar

Aguilar, G. C. & Mendoza, V. M. C., 2010. Zazacatla in the framework of Olmec Mesoamerica. In The Place of Stone Monuments: Context, Use and Meaning in Mesoamerica’s Preclassic Transition, Guernsey, J., Clark, J. E. & Arroyo, B., eds., 77–95. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Anderson, D., 2012. The origins of the Mesoamerican ballgame: a new perspective from the northern Maya lowlands. In The Ancient Maya of Mexico, Braswell, G. E., ed., 43–64. Sheffield: Equinox.Google Scholar

Ballensky, T., 2012. Secret of Condoy: discovering Oaxaca’s ancient mud sculptures. NSS News, September: 6–13.Google Scholar

Baudez, C.-F., 2011. Las batallas rituales en Mesoamérica: Parte 1. Arqueología Mexicana 19(112): 20–9.Google Scholar

Baudez, C.-F., 2012. Las batallas rituales en Mesoamérica: Parte 2. Arqueología Mexicana 19(113): 18–29.Google Scholar

Bernal, I., 1968. The ball players of Dainzú. Archaeology 21: 246–51.Google Scholar

Bernal, I., 1969. Stone reliefs in the Dainzú area. In The Iconography of Middle American Sculpture, 13–23. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.Google Scholar

Bernal, I. & Seuffert, A., 1979. The Ballplayers of Dainzú. Akademische Druck, u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.Google Scholar

Bierhorst, J., 1992. History and Mythology of the Aztecs: The Codex Chimalpopoca. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Blake, M., 2011. Building history in domestic and public space at Paso de la Amada: an examination of Mounds 6 and 7. In Early Mesoamerican Social Transformations: Archaic and Formative Lifeways in the Soconosco Region, Lesure, R., ed., 97–118. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.Google Scholar

Borhegyi, S. F. de, 1980. The pre-Columbian ballgames: a pan-Mesoamerican tradition. Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Anthropology and History 1.Google Scholar

Bradley, D. E., 1991. A power player: the iconography of rulership and fertility on a Tlapacoya ballplayer. In The Mesoamerican Ballgame, van Bussel, G. W., van Dongen, P. L. F. & Leyenaar, T. J. J., eds., 161–70. Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, Leiden.Google Scholar

Bradley, D. E., & Joralemon, P. D., 1993. The Lords of Life: The Iconography of Power and Fertility in Preclassic Mesoamerica. The Snite Museum of Art, Notre Dame.Google Scholar

Burkitt, R., 1930. Explorations of the highlands of western Guatemala. The Museum Journal 21(1): 41–72.Google Scholar

Calles Travieso, R., 1994. Atlzatzilistli: Las ceremonias de petición de agua en Acatlán de Alvarez, Guerrero. In Rituales agrícolas y otras costumbres guerrerenses (siglos XVI-XX), Alonso, M. Matías, ed., 99–107. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Mexico City.Google Scholar

Castañeda López, C., 2008 Plazuelas, Guanajuato. Arqueología Mexicana 16(92): 44–7.Google Scholar

Cheetham, D., 2009. Early Olmec figurines from two regions: style as cultural imperative. In Mesoamerican Figurines: Small Scale Indices Large Scale Phenomena, Halperin, C., Faust, K., Taube, R. & Giguet, A., eds., 149–79. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar

Chinchilla Mazariegos, O., 2009. Games, courts and players at Cotzumalhuapa, Guatemala. In Blood and Beauty: Organized Violence in the Art and Archaeology of Mesoamerica and Central America, Orr, H. & Koontz, R., eds., 139–60. The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles.Google Scholar

Coe, M. D., 1965a. The Jaguar’s Children: Pre-Classic Central Mexico. Museum of Primitive Art, New York.Google Scholar

Coe, M. D., 1965b. The Olmec style and its distributions. In Handbook of Middle American Indians, vol. 3, Wauchope, R., gen. ed., 739–75. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar

Coe, M. D. & Diehl, R. A., 1980. In the Land of the Olmec: The Archaeology of San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan, 2 vols. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar

Coe, M. D., & Koontz, R., 2008. Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs. Thames & Hudson, London.Google Scholar

Coe, M. D. & Whittaker, G., 1982. Aztec Sorcerers in Seventeenth Century Mexico: The Treatise on Superstitions by Hernando Ruiz de Alarcón. Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, State University of New York at Albany, Albany.Google Scholar

Covarrubias, M., 1942. Origen y desarrollo del estilo artístico ‘Olmeca’. In Mayas y Olmecas: Segunda Reunión de Mesa Redonda Sobre Problemas Antropológicos de México y Centro América: 46–9, Tuxtla Gutiérrez.Google Scholar

Covarrubias, M., 1946. El arte Olmeca o de La Venta. Cuadernos Americanos 4: 154–79.Google Scholar

Covarrubias, M., 1957. Indian Art of Mexico and Central America, Knopf, Alfred A., New York.Google Scholar

Culin, S., 1907. Games of the North American Indians. Twenty-Fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Cyphers Guillén, A., 1994. San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan. In Los Olmecas en Mesoamérica, Clark, John ed., 43–67. El Equilibrista, Mexico City.Google Scholar

de Jong, H. J., 1999. The Land of Corn and Honey: The Keeping of Stingless Bees (Meliponiculture) in the Ethno-Ecological Environment of Yucatán (Mexico) and El Salvador. Doctoral dissertation, Utrecht University, Utrecht.Google Scholar

Delhalle, J.-C. & Luykx, A., 1986. The Nahuatl myth of the creation of mankind: a coastal connection? American Antiquity 51(1): 117–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Días Vásquez, R., 2003. El ritual de la lluvia en la tierra de los hombres tigre: Cambio sociocultural en una comunidad náhuatl (Acatlán, Guerrero, 1998–1999). Conaculta, Mexico City.Google Scholar

Dunkelman, A., 2007. The J. Kislak Collection at the Library of Congress. Library of Congress, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Finamore, D. & Houston, S. D., 2010. Fiery Pool: The Maya and the Mythic Sea. Peabody Essex Museum, Salem.Google Scholar

Furst, P. T., 1968. The Olmec were-jaguar motif in the light of ethnographic reality. In Dumbarton Oaks Conference on the Olmec, Benson, E. P., ed., 143–74. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Fox, J. W., 1991. The lords of light versus the lords of dark: the Postclassic highland ballgame. In The Mesoamerican Ballgame, Scarborough, V. L. & Wilcox, D. R., eds., 213–38. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar

García Cook, A., & Merino Carrión, B. L., 1998. Cantona: Urbe prehispánica en el altiplano central de México. In Latin American Antiquity 9(3): 191–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Garibay, A. M., 1979. Teogonia e historia de los Mexicanos: Tres opúsculos del siglo XVI, 3rd ed., Editorial Porrua, Mexico City.Google Scholar

Gillespie, S. D., 2000. The monuments of Laguna de los Cerros and its hinterland. In Olmec Art and Archaeology: Social Complexity in the Formative Period, Clark, J. E. & Pye, M., eds., 94–115. Studies in the History of Art, vol. 58. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

González, C. O. L., Córdova, T. M. & Buitrago, S. G., 2011. El Monumento 41 o Triada de los Felinos, Chalcatzingo, Morelos. Arqueología Mexicana 19(111): 18–23.Google Scholar

Grove, D. C., 1970. The Olmec Paintings of Oxtotitlan Cave, Guerrero, Mexico. Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, no. 6. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Grove, D. C., 1984. Chalcatzingo: Excavations on the Olmec Frontier. Thames and Hudson, London and New York.Google Scholar

Grove, D. C., 1987. ‘Torches’, ‘knuckle dusters’ and the legitimization of Formative period rulership. Mexicon 9: 60–5.Google Scholar

Grube, N., Lacadena, A. & Martin, S., 2003. Chichen Itzá and Ek’ Balam: Terminal Classic Inscriptions from Yucatan: The Proceedings of the Maya Hieroglyphic Workshop, Wanyerka, P., ed., University of Texas at Austin, Austin.Google Scholar

Guthrie, J. (editor), 1995. The Olmec World: Ritual and Rulership. The Art Museum, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar

Hammond, N., 1976. A Classic Maya ball game vase. In Problems in Economic and Social Archaeology, Sieveking, G. de G., Longworth, I. W. & Wilson, K. E., eds., 101–8. Gerald Duckworth and Company, London.Google Scholar

Houston, S. D., 1998. Classic Maya depictions of the built environment. In Function and Meaning in Classic Maya Architecture, Houston, S., ed., 353–72. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Ichon, A., 1988. Le Peuplement Préhispanique. In La Vallee Moyenne du Rio Chixoy (Guatemala): Occupation Préhispanique et Problèmes Actuels. Ichon, A., Douzan-Rosenfeld, D. & Usselmann, P., eds., 53–195. Editorial Piedra Santa, Guatemala.Google Scholar

Joyce, T. A., 1933. The pottery whistle-figurines of Lubaantun. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 63: 15–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kampen, M. E., 1972. The Sculptures of El Tajín, Veracruz, Mexico. University of Florida Press, Gainesville.Google Scholar

Kerr, J., 1992. The Maya Vase Book, vol. 3. Kerr Associates, New York City.Google Scholar

Klein, C. F., 1987. The Ideology of Autosacrifice at the Templo Mayor. In The Aztec Templo Mayor, E. H. Boone, ed.: 293–370. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar

Koontz, R., 2009. Lightning Gods and Feathered Serpents: The Public Sculpture of El Tajín. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar

Kowalewski, S. A., Feinman, G. M., Finsten, L. & Blanton, R. E., 1991. Pre-Hispanic ballcourts from the Valley of Mexico. In The Mesoamerican Ballgame, Scarborough, V. L. & Wilcox, D. R., eds., 25–44. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kubler, G., 1962. The Art and Architecture of Ancient America. Penguin Books, Middlesex.Google Scholar

Lekson, S. H., 2008. A History of the Ancient Southwest. School for Advanced Research Press, Santa Fe.Google Scholar

López, R. A., 1981. Judas of the Napuchi Tarahumaras. In Semana Santa in the Sierra Tarahumara: A Comparative Study in Three Communities, Kennedy, J. G. & López, R. A., authors, 65–77. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Cultural History, No. 4. University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar

Martínez Donjuán, G., 1994. Los Olmecas en el estado de Guerrero. In Los Olmecas en Mesoamérica, Clark, J., ed., 143–63. El Equilibrista, Mexico City.Google Scholar

Martínez Donjuán, G., 2010. Sculpture from Teopantecuanitlan, Guerrero. In The Place of Stone Monuments: Context, Use and Meaning in Mesoamerica’s Preclassic Transition, Guernsey, J., Clark, J. E. & Arroyo, B., eds., 55–76. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Matías Alonso, M., 1997. La agricultura indígena en la Montaña de Guerrero. Plaza y Valdés, Mexico City.Google Scholar

Miller, A., 1995. The Painted Tombs of Oaxaca, Mexico: Living with the Dead. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar

Navarrete, C., Lee, T. A. Jr. & Silva Rhoads, C., 1993. Un catálogo de frontera: Esculturas, petroglifos y pinturas de la regíon media de Grivalva, Chiapas. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City.Google Scholar

Nicholson, H. B. & Quiñones Keber, E., 1991. Ballcourt images in central Mexican native tradition pictorial manuscripts. In The Mesoamerican Ballgame, van Bussel, G. W., van Dongen, P. L. F. & Leyenaar, T. J. J., eds., 119–33. Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, Leiden.Google Scholar

Niederberger Betton, C., 1987. Paleopaysages et Archeologie Pre-urbaine du Bassin de Mexico, 2 vols. Centre d’Etudes Mexicaines et Centramericaines, Mexico City.Google Scholar

Obregón Téllez, J. & Martínez Resclavo, M., 1991. La montaña de Guerrero: Economía, historia y sociedad. Instituto Nacional Indigenista, Mexico City.Google Scholar

Olivera, M., 1994. Huemitl de Mayo en Zitlala: Ofrenda para Chicomecóatl o para la Santa Cruz? In Rituales agrícolas y otras costumbres guerrerenses (siglos XVI-XX), Alonso, M. Matías, ed., 83–97. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Mexico City.Google Scholar

Orr, H., 1997. Power Games in the Late Formative Valley of Oaxaca: The Ballplayer Carvings at Dainzú. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar

Orr, H, 2003. Stone balls and masked men: ballgame as combat ritual, Dainzú, Oaxaca. Ancient America 5:73–104. Center for Ancient American Studies, Barnardsville.Google Scholar

Orr, H. & Koonst, R., 2009. Blood and Beauty: Organized Violence in the Art and Archaeology of Mesoamerica and Central America, The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ortíz, P. & del Carmen Rodríguez, M., 1994 Los espacios sagrados Olmecas: El Manatí, un caso especial. In Los Olmecas en Mesomamérica, Clark, J. E., ed., 69–91. El Equilibrista, Mexico City and Turner Libros, Madrid.Google Scholar

Ortíz, P. & del Carmen Rodríguez, M., 1999. Olmec ritual behavior at El Manatí: A sacred space. In Social Patterns in Pre-Classic Mesoamerica, Grove, D. C. & Joyce, R. A., eds., 225–54. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Ortíz, P. & del Carmen Rodríguez, M., 2000. The sacred hill of El Manatí: A preliminary discussion of the site’s ritual paraphernalia. In Olmec Art and Archaeology: Social Complexity in the Formative Period, Clark, J. E. & Pye, M., eds., 297–337. Studies in the History of Art, vol. 58. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Oudijk, M. R., 2011. Elaboration and abbreviation in Mexican pictorial manuscripts. In Their Way of Writing: Scripts, Signs, and Pictographies in Pre-Columbian America, Boone, E. H. & Urton, G., eds., 149–74. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Recinos, R., 1950. Popol Vuh: The Sacred Book of the Ancient Quiché Maya. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar

Reilly, F. K., III, 1994. Cosmología, soberanismo y espacio ritual en la Mesoamérica del Formativo. In Los Olmecas en Mesoamérica, Clark, J., ed., 238–59. El Equilibrista, Mexico City.Google Scholar

Reilly, F. K., III, 1999. Mountains of creation and underworld portals: the ritual function of Olmec architecture at La Venta, Tabasco. In Mesoamerican Architecture as Cultural Symbol, Kowalski, J. K. ed., 14–39. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar

Robinson, E. J., 2014. The other Late Classic Maya: regionalization, defence, and boundaries in the central Guatemalan highlands. In The Maya and Their Central American Neighbors: Settlement Patterns, Architecture, Hieroglyphic Texts, and Ceramics, Braswell, G. E., ed., 150–74. Routledge, London.Google Scholar

Sabloff, J. A., 1998. Ancient Maya civilization in space and time. In Maya, Schmidt, P., Garza, M. de la & Nalda, E., eds., 52–71. Rizzoli, New York.Google Scholar

Sahagún, F. B. de, 1950–82. Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain. Anderson, A. J. O. & Dibble, C. E., trans. The School of American Research, Santa Fe.Google Scholar

Salazar Otregón, P., 1952 El tzompantli de Chichén Itzá, Yucatán. Tlatoani 5(4): 36–41.Google Scholar

Sánchez Andraka, H., 1983. Zitlala: Por el mágico mundo indígena guerrerense. Costa-Amic Editores, Mexico City.Google Scholar

Schaafsma, P. & Taube, K., 2006. Bringing the rain: an ideology of rain making in the Pueblo Southwest and Mesoamerica. In A Pre-Columbian World: Searching for a Unitary Vision of Ancient America, Quilter, J. & Miller, M., eds., 231–85. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Schele, L. & Freidel, D. A., 1991. The courts of creation: ballcourts, ballgames and portals to the Maya otherworld. In The Mesoamerican Ballgame, Scarborough, V. L. & Wilcox, D. R., eds., 289–315. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Seler, E., 1902–23. Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Amerikanischen Sprach- und Altertumskunde, 5 vols. Ascher & Co., Berlin.Google Scholar

Sellen, A. T., 2002. Storm-god impersonators from ancient Oaxaca. Ancient Mesoamerica 13: 3–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, A. L., 1961. Types of ball courts in the highlands of Guatemala. In Essays in Pre-Colombian Art and Archaeology, Lothrop, S. K., ed., 126–51. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar

Smith, A. L., 1965. Architecture of the Guatemalan highlands. In Handbook of Middle American Indians, vol. 2, Wauchope, R., gen. ed., 76–94. University of Texas Press, Austin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stern, T., 1949. The Rubber-Ball Games of the Americas. Monographs of the American Ethological Society 17.Google Scholar

Stirling, M. W., 1955. Stone Monuments of the Río Chiquito. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 157. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Stone, A., 2002. Spirals, ropes and feathers: the iconography of rubber balls in Mesoamerican art. Ancient Mesoamerica 13(1): 21–39.Google Scholar

Stuart, D., 2010. Shining stones: observations on the ritual meaning of early Maya stelae. In The Place of Stone Monuments: Context, Use and Meaning in Mesoamerica’s Preclassic Transition, Guernsey, J., Clark, J. E. & Arroyo, B., eds., 283–98. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Stuart, D., 2012. Notes on a new text from La Corona. Maya Decipherment: A Weblog on the Ancient Maya Script (Decipherment.wordpress.com/…/notes-on-a-new-text-from-la-corona, posted June 30, 2012).Google Scholar

Taladoire, E., 2001. The architectural background of the pre-Hispanic ballgame: an evolutionary perspective. In The Sport of Life and Death: The Mesoamerican Ballgame, Wittington, E. M., ed., 96–115. Thames and Hudson, London and New York.Google Scholar

Taladoire, E., 2012. Las representaciones bi y tri-dimensionales de juegos de pelota en Mesoamérica. Arqueología Mexicana 29: 18–27.Google Scholar

Taube, K. A., 1986. The Teotihuacan cave of origin: the iconography and architecture of emergence mythology in Mesoamerica and the American Southwest. Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics 12: 51–82.Google Scholar

Taube, K. A., 1992. Uses of sport, book review of The Mesoamerican Ballgame by Scarborough, V. and Wilcox, D. R., Science 256: 1064–5.Google Scholar

Taube, K. A., 1993. Aztec and Maya Myths. British Museum Press, London.Google Scholar

Taube, K. A., 1994. The iconography of Toltec period Chichen Itza. In Hidden among the Hills: Maya Archaeology of the Northwestern Yucatan Peninsula, Prem, H. J., ed., 212–46. Acta Mesoamericana 7, Verlag von Flemming, Möckmühl.Google Scholar

Taube, K. A., 1995. The rainmakers: the Olmec and their contribution to Mesoamerican belief and ritual. In The Olmec World, Ritual and Rulership, Guthrie, G., ed: 82–103. The Art Museum, Princeton University.Google Scholar

Taube, K. A., 2004. Olmec Art at Dumbarton Oaks. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Taube, K. A., 2005. Representaciones del paraíso en el arte cerámico del Clásico Temprano de Escuintla, Guatemala. In Iconografía y escritura teotihuacana en la costa sur de Guatemala y Chiapas, Chinchilla, O. & Arroyo, B., eds., 33–54. U tz’ib, Serie Reportes, Vol. 1, No. 5: Asociación Tikal, Guatemala City.Google Scholar

Taube, K. A., 2009. El dios de la lluvia Olmeca. Arqueología Mexicana 16(96): 26–9.Google Scholar

Taube, K. A. & Taube, R. B., 2009. The beautiful, the bad, and the ugly: aesthetics and morality in Maya figurines. In Mesoamerican Figurines: Small Scale Indices Large Scale Phenomena, Halperin, C., Faust, K., Taube, R. & Giguet, A., eds., 236–58. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar

Taube, K., & Zender, M., 2009. American gladiators: ritual boxing in ancient Mesoamerica. In Blood and Beauty: Organized Violence in the Art and Archaeology of Mesoamerica and Central America, Orr, H. & Koontz, R., eds., 161–220. The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tezozomoc, H. A., 1944. Crónica mexicana. Editorial Leyenda, Mexico City.Google Scholar

Thompson, J. E. S., 1970. Maya History and Religion. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar

Uriarte, M. T., 2001. Unity in duality: the practice and symbols of the Mesoamerican ballgame. In The Sport of Life and Death: The Mesoamerican Ballgame, Wittington, E. M., ed., 40–59. Thames and Hudson, London and New York.Google Scholar

Weiant, C. W., 1943. An Introduction to the Ceramics of Tres Zapotes, Veracruz, Mexico. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 139. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Whittington, E. M., ed., 2001. The Sport of Life and Death: The Mesoamerican Ballgame. Thames and Hudson, London and New York.Google Scholar

Wilcox, D. R., 1991. The Mesoamerican ballgame in the American Southwest. In The Mesoamerican Ballgame, Scarborough, V. L. & Wilcox, D. R., eds., 101–25. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar

Wren, L., Schmidt, P. & Krochock, R., 1989. The Great Ball Court Stone at Chichén Itzá. Research Reports on Ancient Maya Writing 25.Google Scholar

Zolrich, Z., 2008. Fighting with jaguars, bleeding for rain. Archaeology 61(6): 46–52.Google Scholar

Acker, P., 1998. Revising Oral Theory: Formulaic Composition in Old English and Old Icelandic Verse [Garland Studies in Medieval Literature 16]. New York: Garland Publishing.Google Scholar

Aldrich, C., 2005. Learning by Doing: A Comprehensive Guide to Simulations, Computer Games, and Pedagogy in e-Learning and Other Educational Experiences. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley and Sons Inc.Google Scholar

Bell, C., 1997. Ritual Perspectives and Dimensions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bell, C., 2008. Response: Defining the need for a definition, in The Archaeology of Ritual, ed. Kyriakidis, E.. Los Angeles, CA: The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Publications, 277–88.Google Scholar

Bloch, M., 1989. Ritual, History and Power: Selected Papers in Anthropology. London: Athlone PressGoogle Scholar

Bourdieu, P., 1972. Outline of a Theory of Practice, translated by R. Nice 1977. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Brabham, D., 2008. Crowdsourcing as a model for problem solving: an introduction and cases. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 14:1, 75–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ceci, S., 1990. On Intelligence: A Bioecological Treatise on Intellectual Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Csikszentmihalyi, M., 1990. Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar

Dayan, P. & Yu, A., 2003. Uncertainty and learning. Neuroscience 49:2, 171–81.Google Scholar

Ferrera, J., 2012. Playful Design: Creating Game Experiences in Everyday Interface., Rosenfeld.Google Scholar

Flad, R. 2008. Divination and power: a multiregional view of the development of oracle bone divination in early China. Current Anthropology 49:3, 403–37.Google Scholar

Gee, J., 2003. What Video Games Have to Teach Us about Learning and Literacy. New York: Palgrave McMillanCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gell, A., 1980. The gods at play: vertigo and possession in Muria religion. MAN: The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (New Series) 15, 219–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goldstein, A., 1980. Thrills in response to music and other stimuli. Physiological Psychology 8, 126–9.Google Scholar

Humphrey, C. & Laidlaw, J., 1994. The Archetypal Actions of Ritual: A Theory of Ritual Illustrated by the Jain Rite of Worship (Oxford Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology). Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kamin, L., 1969. Predictability, surprise, attention, and conditioning, in Punishment and Aversive Behavior, eds. Campbell, B. & Church, R.. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 242–59.Google Scholar

Krumhansl, C., 1997. An exploratory study of musical emotions and psychophysiology. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology 51:4, 336–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kyriakidis, E., 2002. Ritual and Its Establishment: The Case of Some Minoan Open-Air Rituals. PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.Google Scholar

Kyriakidis, E., 2005. Ritual in the Aegean: The Minoan Peak Sanctuaries. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar

Kyriakidis, E., 2008. The Archaeologies of Ritual, in The Archaeology of Ritual, ed. Kyriakidis, E.. Los Angeles, CA: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Publications, 289–306.Google Scholar

Lett, J., 1990. Emics and etics: notes on the epistemology of anthropology. In Emics and Etics. The Insider/Outsider Debate, eds. Headland, T., Pike, K. & Harris, M. (Frontiers of Anthropology vol. 7). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 127–42.Google Scholar

Linehan, P., 1994. The mechanisation of ritual: Alfonso XI of Castille in 1332. In Riti e Rituali Nelle Società Medievali, eds. Chiffoleau, J., Martines, L. & Paravicini Bagliani, A.. Spoleto: Centro Italiano di Studi Sull’Alto Medioevo, 309–27.Google Scholar

Marcus, J., 2006. The roles of ritual and technology in Mesoamerican water management, in Agricultural Strategies, eds. Marcus, J. and Stanish, C. [Monograph 50]. Los Angeles, CA: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Publications, 221–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McLaren, I., Bennett, C., Plaisted, K., Aitken, M. & Mackintosh, N., 1994. Latent inhibition, context specificity, and context familiarity. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 47B, 387–400.Google Scholar

Nikolaidou, M., 2008. Ritualised technologies in the Aegean Neolithic? The crafts of adornment, in The Archaeology of Ritual, ed. Kyriakidis, E.. Los Angeles, CA: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Publications, 221–54.Google Scholar

Pavlov, I., 1927. Conditional Reflexes. New York: Dover Publications.Google Scholar

Pearce, J. & Hall, G., 1980. A model for Pavlovian learning: variation in the effectiveness of conditioned but not unconditioned stimuli. Psychological Review 87, 532–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Peters, F., 1985. Jerusalem: The Holy City in the Eyes of Chroniclers, Visitors, Pilgrims and Prophets from the Days of Abraham to the Beginning of Modern Times. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Rescorla, R., 1967. Pavlovian conditioning and its proper control procedures. Psychological Review 74, 71–80.Google ScholarPubMed

Rose, S. & Orlowski, J., 1983. Review of research on endorphins and learning. Journal of Developmental Behavioural Pediatrics 4:2, 131–5.Google ScholarPubMed

Salen Tekinbas, K., 2007. The Ecology of Games: Connecting Youth, Games, and Learning (The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning).Google Scholar

Silk, M., 1987. Homer: The Iliad. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Trainor, L. & Trehub, S., 1992. The development of referential meaning in music. Music Perception 9:4, 455–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Yerkes, J. & Dodson, J., 1908. The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology 18, 459–82.Google Scholar

Zajonc, R. & Markus, H., 1982. Affective and cognitive factors in preferences. Journal of Consumer Research 9, 123–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar