Our purpose, in this chapter, is to infer how settlements were organised at the regional level by analysing the structure formed by the roads that connected them. The basic idea is to compare different hypotheses and quantitatively assess which of them is (or are) more plausible and, we do this in three steps (see Section 3.2). Adopting a network science approach implies that the first step is to translate available information on pathways from the usual map format into networks, that is, mathematical structures made up of interconnected objects. Once the empirical system is mapped onto weighted geographical networks, one can apply the established analytic tools provided by network science for their characterisation.