Introduction

Rights are connected to substantive views about the nature of persons. They are a way of expressing what it would mean to treat someone as a person, and as a citizen of a particular kind of state or political community. Rights also emerged in relation to a particular set of historical circumstances. They are associated with a concern about the kinds of threats that individuals face from the exercise of social and political power, by both the state and other powerful political actors. It is not just a matter of who should rule, but how there can be any legitimate coercive rule at all, given that individuals are supposed to be free and self-determining in the first place. The Grotian and Lockean emphasis on natural rights and natural law has been an influential language in which to make sense of these ideas. Here and in Chapter 5, I want to turn to two other ways of thinking about rights: dignity and recognition.