Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T21:12:12.853Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part II - Anti-Trafficking Law: A Legal Realist Critique

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 July 2017

Prabha Kotiswaran
Affiliation:
King's College London
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

ACLU. (2009). U.S.-Mexico Border Crossing Deaths Are A Humanitarian Crisis, According To Report From The ACLU And CNDH. Available from: https://www.aclu.org/news/us-mexico-border-crossing-deaths-are-humanitarian-crisis-according-report-aclu-and-cndh, accessed on 3 March 2017.Google Scholar
Albahari, M. (2006). Death and the modern state: Making borders amd sovereignty at the southern edges of Europe, CCIS Working Paper 137. San Diego, CA: University of California at Irvine.Google Scholar
Allain, J., ed. (2012). The Legal Understanding of Slavery, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alpes, J. (2011). Bushfalling: How Young Cameroonians Dare to Migrate. Uitgeverij BOXpress B.V.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. (2014). Spain: Accountability urged for ‘appalling’ migrant deaths in Ceuta. February 14. Available from: www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2014/02/spain-accountability-urged-appalling-migrant-deaths-ceuta, accessed on 4 March 2017.Google Scholar
Anderson, B. (2013). Us and Them: The Dangerous Politics of Immigration Control, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, B. and Rogaly, B. (2005). Free Market, Forced Labour? London: TUC.Google Scholar
Andersson, R. (2014). Illegality, Inc., Oakland, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Andrijasevic, R. (2010). Migration, Agency and Citizenship in Sex Trafficking, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
APWLD. (2011). The New Slave in the Kitchen: Debt Bondage and Women Migrant Domestic Workers in Asia. Chiang Mai Thailand: Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development. Available from: www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Poverty/UnpaidWork/APWLD.pdf, accessed on 4 March 2017.Google Scholar
Baines, D. and Sharma, N. (2002). Is Citizenship a Useful Concept in Social Policy Work? Non-Citizens: The Case of Migrant Workers in Canada. Studies in Political Economy, 69, 75107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bales, K. (2004). New Slavery: A Reference Handbook, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.Google Scholar
Bales, K. (2007). Defining and Measuring Modern Slavery. Available from: https://www.freetheslaves.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/DefiningMeasuringModernSlavery.pdf, accessed on 4 March 2017.Google Scholar
BBC. (2013). Theresa May Pledges Modern-day Slavery Crackdown. BBC News, 25 August. Available from: www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-23831304 accessed on 4 March 2017.Google Scholar
Beckles, H. (1987). Black Rebellion in Barbados. Bridgetown, Barbados: Carib Research & Publications.Google Scholar
Best, S. (2004). The Fugitive's Properties, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourne, G. (1845). A Condensed Anti-Slavery Bible Argument: By a Citizen of Virginia, New York: S. W. Benedict. Available from: http://docsouth.unc.edu/church/bourne/bourne.html, accessed on 4 March 2017.Google Scholar
Bravo, K. (2011). The Role of the Transatlantic Slave Trade in Contemporary Anti-human Trafficking Discourse. Seattle Journal for Social Justice, 9, 2, 555597.Google Scholar
Carling, J. (2005). Trafficking in Women from Nigeria to Europe. Migration Information Source. July 1. Available from: www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=318, accessed on 4 March 2017.Google Scholar
CNN Freedom Project. (2011). The Facts: Slavery, Human Trafficking Definitions. CNN, April 20. Available from: http://thecnnfreedomproject.blogs.cnn.com/2011/04/20/the-facts-slavery-human-trafficking-definitions/, accessed on 4 March 2017.Google Scholar
Cole, J. and Booth, S. (2007). Dirty Work: Immigrants in Domestic Service, Agriculture and Prostitution in Sicily, New York: Lexington.Google Scholar
Dayan, J. (1999). Poe, Persons, and Property. American Literary History, 12, 3, 405425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Haas, H. (2008). The Myth of Invasion: The Inconvenient Realities of African Migration to Europe. Third World Quarterly. 29(7), 13051322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Lombard, J. (2012). In the Shadow of the Gallows: Race, Crime, and American Civic Identity, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglass, F. (1986). Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Doward, J. (2014). Qatar World Cup: 400 Nepalese Die on Nation's Building Sites since Bid Won. Observer, 15 February. Available from: www.theguardian.com/football/2014/feb/16/qatar-world-cup-400-deaths-nepalese, accessed on 4 March 2017.Google Scholar
Düvell, F., and Vollmer, B. (2011). European Security Challenges, EU-US Immigration Systems 2011/01, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. San Domenico di Fiesole (FI): European University Institute. Available from: http://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/16212/EU-US%20Immigration%20Systems2011_01.pdf?sequence=1, accessed on 4 March 2017.Google Scholar
Finley, M. (1964). Between Slavery and Freedom. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 6(3), 233249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Free the Slaves. (2014). Glossary. Available from: https://www.freetheslaves.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Glossary-v2.pdf, accessed on 4 March 2017.Google Scholar
Hadden, S. (2001). Slave Patrols: Law and Violence in Virginia and the Carolinas. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Halley, J. (2017). Anti-Trafficking and the New Indenture. In P. Kotiswaran, ed., Revisiting the Law and Governance of Trafficking, Forced Labor and Modern Slavery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hartman, S. (1997). Scenes of Subjection, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Heuman, G. (1986). Out of the House of Bondage, London: Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Hill, D. (2011). Guest Worker Programs are no Fix for our Broken Immigration System: Evidence from the Northern Mariana Islands. New Mexico Law Review, 41(1), 131191.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. (2005). Maid to Order: Ending Abuses Against Migrant Domestic Workers in Singapore. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. (2006). Building Towers, Cheating Workers: Exploitation of Migrant Construction Workers in the United Arab Emirates. New York: Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar
Ishay, M. and Goldfischer, D. (1997). Human Rights and National Security: A False Dichotomy. In Ishay, M, ed., The Human Rights Reader, London: Routledge, pp. 377398.Google Scholar
Jeffreys, S. (2002). Australia and the Traffic in Women into Sexual Exploitation. Arena Magazine, April. Available from: http://www.catwa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Australia-and-the-traffic-in-women.pdf, accessed on 4 March 2017.Google Scholar
Johnson, M. (2014). Debt, Gift and Gamble: Economies of Dis/affection and the Meaning and Limits of Freedom. Paper presented to the Slaveries Old and New Conference, 27 and 28 March 2014. London: British Academy.Google Scholar
Jureidini, R. & Moukarbel, N. (2004). Female Sri Lankan Domestic Workers in Lebanon: A Case of “Contract Slavery”? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30(4), 581607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kegan, C. (2011). Experiences of Forced Labour Among Chinese Migrant Workers, London: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.Google Scholar
Kotiswaran, P., ed. (2017). Revisiting the Law and Governance of Trafficking, Forced Labor and Modern Slavery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lan, P. (2007). Legal servitude and free illegality: Migrant ‘guest’ workers in Taiwan. In Parreñas, R. & Lok, C., eds., Asian Diasporas: New Formations, New Conceptions, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp 253278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lijnders, L. and Robinson, S. (2013). From the Horn of Africa to the Middle East: Human Trafficking of Eritrean Asylum Seekers across Border. Anti-Trafficking Review, 2, 137154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lubet, S. (2010). Fugitive Justice: Runaways, Rescuers and Slavery on Trial, Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahdavi, P. (2011). Gridlock: Labor, Migration and Human Trafficking in Dubai, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Marshall, P. and Thatun, S. (2005). Miles Away: The Trouble with Prevention in the Greater Mekong Sub-region. In Kempadoo, K., Sanghera, J. & Pattanaik, B., eds., Trafficking and Prostitution Reconsidered, London: Paradigm, pp. 43--63.Google Scholar
Nah, A. (2012). Globalisation, Sovereignty, and Immigration Control: The Hierarchy of Rights for Migrant Workers in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Social Science, 40(4), 486508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neumayer, E. (2006). Unequal Access to Foreign Spaces: How States Use Visa Restrictions to Regulate Mobility in a Globalized World. British Geography, 31(1), 7284.Google Scholar
Nichols, J. (2013). The Line of Liberty: Runaway Slaves and Fugitive Peons in the Texas-Mexico Borderlands. Western Historical Quarterly, 44(4), 413433.Google Scholar
O'Connell Davidson, J. (2010). New Slavery, Old Binaries: Human Trafficking and the Borders of “Freedom.” Global Networks, 10(2), 244261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Connell Davidson, J (2013). Troubling Freedom: Migration, Debt and Modern Slavery. Migration Studies, 1(2), 176195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Connell Davidson, J (2015). Modern Slavery: The Margins of Freedom, London: Palgrave MacMillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, O. (1982). Slavery and Social Death, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Price, R. (1996). Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas, 3rd edn., Baltimore, MA: The John Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sassen, S. (2010). A savage sorting of winners and losers: Contemporary versions of primitive accumulation. Globalizations, 7(1), 2350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shamir, H. (2017). The Paradox of “Legality”: Temporary Migrant Worker Programs and Vulnerability to Trafficking. In P. Kotiswaran, ed., Revisiting the Law and Governance of Trafficking, Forced Labor and Modern Slavery, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sharma, N. (2003). Travel Agency: A Critique of Anti-trafficking Campaigns. Refuge, 21 (3), 5365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharma, N. (2014). Immigration Restrictions and the Politics of Protection. Paper presented to the Slaveries Old and New Conference, 27 and 28 March 2014. London: British Academy.Google Scholar
Southern Poverty Law Center. (2013). Close to Slavery: Guestworker Programs in the United States, Alabama: SPLC.Google Scholar
Stock, I. (2011). Gender and the dynamics of mobility: reflections on African migrant mothers and ‘transit migration’ in Morocco. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 35(9), 15771595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Testai, P. (2008). Debt as a Route to Modern Slavery in the Discourse on “Sex Trafficking”: Myth or Reality? Human Security Journal/Revue de la Sécurité Humaine, 6, 6878.Google Scholar
Testart, A. (2002). The Extent and Significance of Debt Slavery. Revue Francaise de Sociologie, 43, 173204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, C. (2017). Immigration Controls and “Modern-Day Slavery”. In P. Kotiswaran, ed., Revisiting the Law and Governance of Trafficking, Forced Labor and Modern Slavery, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tiano, S. and Murphy-Aguilar, M., eds. (2012). Borderline Slavery, Farnham: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Tushnet, M. (1981). The American Law of Slavery 1810–1860, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Tyler, R. (1972). Fugitive Slaves in Mexico. The Journal of Negro History, 57(1), 112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
United for Intercultural Action: European Network. (2009). The Deadly Consequences of “Fortress Europe”: More than 13000 Deaths. Information Leaflet No. 24. Available from: www.unitedagainstracism.org/archive/pages/info24.htm, accessed on 4 March 2017.Google Scholar
United for Intercultural Action: European Network. (2012). United for Intercultural Action: European Network against Nationalism, Racism and Fascism, and in Support of Migrants and Refugees. Available from: www.unitedagainstracism.org, accessed on 4 March 2017.Google Scholar
USDHHS. (2011). Factsheet: Human Trafficking, Department of Health and Human Sciences. Available from: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/orr/fact_sheet_human_trafficking_english.pdf, accessed on 14 March 2017.Google Scholar
Waldstreicher, D. (2004). Runaway America, New York: Hill and Wang.Google Scholar
Wong, E. (2009). Neither Fugitive Nor Free, New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar

References

Ahmed, A. and Seshu, M. (2012). We Have The Right Not To Be ‘Rescued’…: When Anti-Trafficking Programs Undermine The Health And Wellbeing Of Sex Workers. Anti-Trafficking Review, 1: 149165.Google Scholar
Dottridge, M., ed. (2014). Special Issue on Following the Money: Spending on Anti-Trafficking. Anti-Trafficking Review, 3: 1175.Google Scholar
Battistella, G. and Asis, M. M. B. (2011). Protecting Filipino Transnational Domestic Workers: Government Regulations and Their Outcomes, Discussion Paper Series No. 2011–12. Philippine Institute for Development Studies. Available at: http://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/dps/pidsdps1112.pdf.Google Scholar
Brennan, D. (2014). Life Interrupted: Trafficking into Forced Labor in the United States, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Burkhalter, H. (2012). Sex Trafficking, Law Enforcement and Perpetrator Accountability. Anti-Trafficking Review, 1: 122133.Google Scholar
Chuang, J. (2013). The U.S. Au Pair Program: Labor Exploitation and the Myth of Cultural Exchange. Harvard Journal of Law & Gender, 36: 269343.Google Scholar
Chuang, Janie.. (2017). Contemporary Debt Bondage, “Self-Exploitation,” and the Limits of the Trafficking Definition. In Kotiswaran, P. ed., Revisiting the Law and Governance of Trafficking, Forced Labor and Modern Slavery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, A. J. (in press). Trauma and the Welfare State: A Genealogy of Prostitution Courts in New York City. Texas Law Review.Google Scholar
Cohen, A. J. and Gruber, A. (in press). Governance Feminism in New York's Alternative “Human Trafficking Intervention Courts”. In Halley, J. et al., eds., Governance Feminism: Notes from the Field.Google Scholar
Dottridge, M. (2014). Editorial: How is the Money to Combat Human Trafficking Spent? Anti-Trafficking Review 3: 314.Google Scholar
Gallagher, A. T. (2012). The International Law of Human Trafficking, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gruber, A., Cohen, A. J., and Mogulescu, K. (2016). Penal Welfare and the New Human Trafficking Intervention Courts. Florida Law Review, 68(5), 1331402.Google Scholar
Guevarra, A. R. (2010). Marketing Dreams, Manufacturing Heroes: The Transnational Labor Brokering of Filipino Workers, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Hacker, D. and Cohen, O. (2012). The Shelters in Israel for Survivors of Human Trafficking, Tel-Aviv: Tel-Aviv University.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hale, R. (1923). Coercion and Distribution in a Supposedly Noncoercive State. Political Science Quarterly, 38: 470494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halley, J. (2011). What Is Family Law?: A Genealogy Part I. Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities, 23(1): 1109.Google Scholar
Halley, J., Kotiswaran, P., Rebouché, R. & Shamir, H. (In press). Governance Feminism: Notes From the Field, University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Holmes, O. W. (1897). The Path of the Law. Harvard Law Review, 10(8): 457478.Google Scholar
Kennedy, D. (1982). Distributive and Paternalist Motives in Contract and Tort Law, with Special Reference to Compulsory Terms and Unequal Bargaining Power. Maryland Law Review, 41: 563658.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Duncan.. (1993). Sexy Dressing, Etc.: Essays on the Power and Politics of Cultural Identity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Kotiswaran, P., ed. (2017). Revisiting the Law and Governance of Trafficking, Forced Labor and Modern Slavery, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristof, N. (2011). Raiding a Brothel in India. New York Times. May 25. Available at: www.nytimes.com/2011/05/26/opinion/26kristof.html.Google Scholar
League of Nations. (1904). International Agreement for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic, Paris, 4 May 1904, in force 18 July 1910, 1 LNTS 83; as amended by the Protocol approved by the G.A. Res 256 (III), 30 UNTS 23.Google Scholar
League of Nations. (1910). International Convention for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic, Paris, 4 May 1910, in force 8 August 1912, 3 LNTS 278; as amended by the Protocol approved by the G.A Res 256 (IIII), 30 UNTS 23.Google Scholar
League of Nations. (1933). Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women of Full Age, Geneva, 11 October 1933, in force 24 August 1934, 150 UNTS 431; as amended by the Protocol approved by the G.A. Res 126 (II), 53 UNTS 13.Google Scholar
Lindio-McGovern, L. (2012). Globalization, Labor Export and Resistance: A Study of Filipino Migrant Domestic Workers in Global Cities, Oxford: Routledge.Google Scholar
Marks, S. (2008). Exploitation as an International Legal Concept. In Marks, S., ed., International Law on the Left: Re-examining Marxist Legacies. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 281308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. (2004). Trafficking in Persons Report. Washington, DC: Department of State. Available at: https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/34158.pdf.Google Scholar
Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. (2005). Trafficking in Persons Report. Washington, DC: Department of State. Available from: https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/47255.pdfGoogle Scholar
Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. (2006). Trafficking in Persons Report. Washington, DC: Department of State. Available from: https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/66086.pdfGoogle Scholar
Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. (2015). Trafficking in Persons Report. Washington, DC: Department of State. Available from: www.state.gov/documents/organization/243562.pdf.Google Scholar
O'Connell Davidson, J. (2013). Troubling Freedom: Migration, Debt, and Modern Slavery. Migration Studies 1: 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parreñas, R. S. (2011). Illicit Flirtations: Labor, Migration, and Sex Trafficking in Tokyo, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shamir, H. (2012). A Labor Paradigm for Human Trafficking. UCLA Law Review, 60: 76137.Google Scholar
Shamir, Hila. (in press). Anti-Trafficking in Israel: Nationalism, Borders, and Markets. In Halley, J., Kotiswaran, P., Rebouché, R. & Shamir, H., Governance Feminism: An Introduction, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Simpson, J. and Weiner, E., eds. (1989). Oxford English Dictionary. Vol. V. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Singer, J. W. (1988). Legal Realism Now. California Law Review, 76: 465544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinfeld, R. J. (1991). The Invention of Free Labor, Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Thomas, C. (2003). Disciplining Globalization: International Law, Illegal Trade, and the Case of Narcotics. Michigan Journal of International Law, 24: 549575.Google Scholar
Thomas, Chantal.. (2004). International Law against Sex Trafficking in Perspective. Manuscript. Wisconsin-Harvard Workshop on International Economic Law and Transnational Regulation. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2274095.Google Scholar
Thomas, Chantal.. (2010). Undocumented Migrant Workers in a Fragmented International Order. Maryland Journal of International Law, 25: 187229.Google Scholar
Thomas, Chantal.. (2011). Convergences and Divergences in International Legal Norms on Migrant Labor. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal, 32: 405442.Google Scholar
Thrupkaew, N. (2009). The Crusade against Sex Trafficking. The Nation. September 16. Available at: www.thenation.com/article/crusade-against-sex-trafficking.Google Scholar
Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA). Pub. L. No. 106–386, Div. A, 22 U.S.C. § 7101 et seq.Google Scholar
Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2003, 22 U.S.C. §§7101–7110 (Supp. III 2005).Google Scholar
Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005, 22 U.S.C. §§7101–7110 (Supp. IV 2007).Google Scholar
Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2013, Pub. L. No. 113–4, 127 Stat. 136.Google Scholar
United Nations. (1947). International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children, Geneva, 30 September 1921, in force 15 June 1922, 9 LNTS 415; as amended by the Protocol approved by the G.A. Res 126 (II), 53 UNTS 13.Google Scholar
United Nations. (1950). Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others, New York, 21 March 1950, in force 25 July 1951, 96 UNTS 271.Google Scholar
United Nations. (1956). Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, Geneva, 1 April 1957, in force April 30 1957, 266 UNTS 3.Google Scholar
United Nations. (2000). Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, New York, 15 November 2000, in force 29 September 2003, 2225 UNTS 209.Google Scholar
United Nations. (2000). Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, New York, 15 November 2000, in force 25 December 2003, 2237 UNTS 319.Google Scholar
United Nations. (2000). Protocol against Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, New York, 15 November 2000, in force 28 January 2004, 2241 UNTS 507.Google Scholar
UN Office on Drugs & Crime (UNODC). (2013). Abuse of a Position of Vulnerability and Other “Means” within the Definition of Trafficking in Persons. Issue Paper. Available at: www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/2012/UNODC_2012_Issue_Paper_-_Abuse_of_a_Position_of_Vulnerability.pdf.Google Scholar
UN Office on Drugs & Crime. (2014). Global Report on Trafficking in Persons. New York, United Nations. Available at: www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glotip/GLOTIP_2014_full_report.pdf.Google Scholar
William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008, 22 U.S.C.§§7101–7112(Supp. III 2010).Google Scholar
Williams, R. (1983). Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. New York, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

References

Annan, K. (2000). The Age of Human Rights. Project Syndicate, September 26. Available from: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/the-age-of-human-rights?barrier=accessreg, accessed on 4 March 2017.Google Scholar
Bales, K. (1999). Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Bales, Kevin. (2012). Professor Kevin Bales’ Response to Professor Orlando Patterson. In Allain, J., ed., The Legal Understanding of Slavery. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 360372.Google Scholar
Bales, K. & Soodalter, R. (2009). The Slave Next Door, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bosniak, L. (2008). The Citizen and the Alien, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Bravo, K. (2007). Exploring the Analogy Between Modern Trafficking in Humans and the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. Boston University International Law Journal, 25, 207295.Google Scholar
Cecil, N. (2012). Modern-Day Slave Trade Alive and Well. Dallas Chronicle, August 31.Google Scholar
Chauvin, S. & Garces-Mascareñas, B. (2012). Beyond Informal Citizenship: The New Moral Economy of Migrant Illegality. International Political Sociology, 6, 241259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Graauw, E. (2014. Municipal ID Cards for Undocumented Immigrants: Local Bureaucratic Membership in a Federal State. Politics & Society, 42(3), 309330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fried, B. H. (2001). The Progressive Assault on Laissez-Faire: Robert Hale and the First Law and Economics Movement, Cambridge: MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Fugitive Slave Act of 1793, February 12, Ch. 7, 1 Stat. 302.Google Scholar
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, September 18, Ch. 60, 9 Stat. 462.Google Scholar
Gallagher, A. (2009). Human Rights and Human Trafficking: Quagmire or Firm Ground? A Response to James Hathaway. Virginia Journal of International Law, 49, 789848.Google Scholar
Hale, R. (1923). Coercion and Distribution in a Supposedly Non-Coercive State. Political Science Quarterly, 38, 470494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halley, J., Kotiswaran, P., Shamir, H., & Thomas, C. (2006). From the International to the Local in Feminist Legal Responses: Four Studies in Contemporary Governance Feminism. Harvard Journal of Law & Gender, 29(2), 336423.Google Scholar
Hathaway, J. (2008). The Human Rights Quagmire of ‘Human Trafficking, Virginia Journal of International Law, 49, 159.Google Scholar
Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Board, 535 U.S. 137 (2002).Google Scholar
Hohfeld, W. (1913). Some Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Legal Reasoning. Yale Law Journal, 23, 1659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Holmes., , O. W. (1897). The Path of the Law. Harvard Law Review, 10, 457478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Human Rights Committee. (1986). General Comment 15: The Position of Aliens under the Covenant, U.N. Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev.6.Google Scholar
International Law Commission. (2014). Draft Articles on the Expulsion of Aliens. U.N. Doc., A/CN.4/L.832.Google Scholar
Kara, S. (2009). Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Slavery. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Keller, B. (2013). Liberals vs. Immigration Reform. New York Times, July 7. Available at: www.nytimes.com/2013/07/08/opinion/keller-liberals-vs-immigration-reform.html, accessed on 4 March 2017.Google Scholar
Kotiswaran, P., ed. (2017). Revisiting the Law and Governance of Trafficking, Forced Labor and Modern Slavery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905).Google Scholar
Lopez, M. P. (2005). Reflections on Educating Latino and Latina Undocumented Children: Beyond Plyler v. Doe. Seton Hall Law Review, 35(4), 13731406.Google Scholar
Maddox, T. (2011). Modern-Day Slavery: A Problem That Can't Be Ignored. The CNN Freedom Project, March 4. Available at: http://thecnnfreedomproject.blogs.cnn.com/2011/03/04/modern-day-slavery-a-problem-that-cant-be-ignored/, accessed on 4 March 2017.Google Scholar
Mnookin, R. & Kornhauser, L. (1979). Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law: The Case of Divorce. Yale Law Journal, 88, 950997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
The New York Times. (2012). To Combat Modern-Day Slavery. Editorial. New York Times, October 2.Google Scholar
O'Connell Davidson, J. (2017). The Right to Locomotion? Trafficking, Slavery and the State. In P. Kotiswaran, ed., Revisiting the Law and Governance of Trafficking, Forced Labor and Modern Slavery, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, O. (1991). Freedom in the Making of Western Culture. London, I.B. Tauris & Co.Google Scholar
Patterson, Orlando. (2012a). Trafficking, Gender, and Slavery: Past and Present. In Allain, J., ed., The Legal Understanding of Slavery, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 329359.Google Scholar
Patterson, Orlando. (2012b). Rejoinder: Professor Orlando Patterson's Response to Professor Kevin Bales. In Allain, J., ed., The Legal Understanding of Slavery, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 373374.Google Scholar
Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202 (1982).Google Scholar
The Polaris Project. (2013). Human Trafficking. Available at: www.polarisproject.org/human-trafficking/overview, accessed on 4 March 2017.Google Scholar
Thomas, C. (2000). Constitutional Change and International Government. Hastings Law Journal, 52, 146.Google Scholar
Thomas, Chantal. (2011a). Convergences and Divergences in International Legal Norms on Migrant Labor. Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, 32, 405441.Google Scholar
Thomas, Chantal. (2011b). United Nations Human Rights Treaty Body Jurisprudence on the Expulsion of Aliens.Google Scholar
United Nations. (1966). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, New York, 16 December 1966, in force 23 March 1976, 999 UNTS 171.Google Scholar
United Nations. (1985). Declaration on the Human Rights of Individuals Who Are Not Nationals of the Country in Which They Live, U.N. Doc. A/40/53.Google Scholar
United Nations. (1990). International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families, New York, 1 December 1990, in force 1 July 2003, 2220 UNTS 3.Google Scholar
United Nations. (2000). Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, New York, 15 November 2000, in force 25 December 2003, 2237 UNTS 319.Google Scholar
UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2009). Global Report on Trafficking in Persons.Google Scholar
US Constitution, Art. 4, s. 2, Cl. 3 (Fugitive Slave Clause, repealed by the 13th Amendment).Google Scholar
US Government Accountability Office (GAO). (2006). Illegal Immigration: Border-Crossing Deaths Have Doubled Since 1995; Border Patrol's Efforts to Prevent Death Have Not Been Fully Evaluated. GAO06–770.Google Scholar
Weissbrodt, D. & Anti-Slavery International. (2002). Abolishing Slavery and Its Contemporary Forms. New York: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.Google Scholar

References

Akerlof, G. (1982). Labor Contracts as Partial Gift Exchange. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 97, 543569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alba, D. (2016). Apple posts largest profits ever, but it's still not good enough. Wired, January 26. Available from: www.wired.com/2016/01/apple-posts-largest-profit-ever-but-its-still-not-good-enough/.Google Scholar
Andreas, P. (2000). Border Games: Policing the U.S.-Mexico Divide, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Bosniak, Linda; Cleveland, Sarah; Danielsen, Dan; Echaveste, Maria; Engle, Karen; Forbath, William; Galbraith, James K.; Green, Tom; Hines, Barbara; Kennedy, David; Marshall, Ray; Powers, William; Santos, Alvaro; Shaiken, Harley; Rudrappa, Sharmila; Thomas, Chantal and Torres, Gerald (2005). Working Borders: Linking Debates About Insourcing and Outsourcing of Capital of Capital and Labor. Texas International Law Journal, 40, 691805.Google Scholar
Braithwaite, J. (2005). Markets in Vice, Markets in Virtue, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brennan, D. (2014). Life Interrupted: Trafficking Into Forced Labor in the United States, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Brennan, D. (2017). Subjectivity of Coercion: Workers' Experiences with Trafficking in the United States. In P. Kotiswaran, ed., Revisiting the Law and Governance of Trafficking, Forced Labor and Modern Slavery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chuang, J. A. (2006). The United States as Global Sheriff: Using Unilateral Sanctions to Combat Human Trafficking. Michigan Journal of International Law, 27, 437494.Google Scholar
Chuang, Janie A.. (2014). Exploitation Creep and the Unmaking of Human Trafficking Law. American Journal of International Law, 108, 609649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chuang, Janie A.. (2017). Contemporary Debt Bondage, “Self-Exploitation,” and the Limits of the Trafficking Definition. In P. Kotiswaran, ed., Revisiting the Law and Governance of Trafficking, Forced Labor and Modern Slavery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chuang, J. A. & Gallagher, A. (2012). The Use of Indicators to Measure Government Responses to Human Trafficking. In K. E. Davis, A. Fisher, B. Kingsbury & S. Engle Merry, eds., Governance by Indicators: Global Power through Quantification and Rankings, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 317343.Google Scholar
Cohen, M. R. (1927). Property and Sovereignty. Cornell Law Quarterly 13, 830.Google Scholar
Davis, D. & Klare, K. (2010). Transformative Constitutionalism and the Common and Customary Law. South African Journal on Human Rights 26(3), 403509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, K., Fisher, A., Kingsbury, B., and Merry, S. E., eds. (2012). Governance by Indicators: Global Power through Quantification and Rankings, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derks, A. (2000). Combating Trafficking in South-East Asia: A Review of Policy and Programme Responses. International Organization of Migration.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dottridge, M. (2017). Trafficked and Exploited: the Urgent Need for Coherence in International Law. In P. Kotiswaran, ed., Revisiting the Law and Governance of Trafficking, Forced Labor and Modern Slavery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dowling, S., Moreton, K., and Wright, L. (2007). Trafficking for the Purposes of Labour Exploitation: A Literature Review. UK Home Office, Online Report 10/17. London, Home Office.Google Scholar
Elson, D. (1999). Labor Markets as Gendered Institutions: Equality, Efficiency and Empowerment Issues. World Development, 27(3), 611627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Commission. (2004). Report of the Experts Group on Trafficking in Human Beings. Brussels, Directorate-General Justice, Freedom and Security.Google Scholar
Faraday, F. (2012). Made in Canada, How the Law Constructs Migrant Workers’ Insecurity, Toronto: Metcalf Foundation.Google Scholar
Folbre, N. (1991). The Unproductive Housewife: Her Evolution in Nineteenth Century Economic Thought. Signs, 16, 463484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucault, M. (1980). An Introduction. Vol. I of History of Sexuality. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Fudge, J. (2006). The Legal Boundaries of the Employer, Precarious Workers, and Labour Protection. In Davidov, G. & Langille, B., eds., Boundaries and Frontiers of Labour Law: Goals and Means in the Regulation of Work, Portland, OR and Oxford: Hart Publishing, pp. 295316.Google Scholar
Gallagher, A. T. (2017). The International Legal Definition of “Trafficking in Persons”: Scope and Application. In Kotiswaran, P. ed., Revisiting the Law and Governance of Trafficking, Forced Labor, and Modern Slavery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Garside, J. (2012). Apple's factories in China are breaking employment law, audit finds. The Guardian. March 30. Available from: www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/mar/30/apple-factories-china-foxconn-audit.Google Scholar
Glenn, E. N. (2010). Forced to Care: Coercion and Caregiving in America, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hale, R. L. (1923). Coercion and Distribution in a Supposedly Non-Coercive State. Political Science Quarterly, 38, 470494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hohfeld, W. N. (1913). Some Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Legal Reasoning. Yale Law Journal, 23, 1659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, O. W. (1894). Privilege, Malice, and Intent. Harvard Law Review, 8(1), 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
International Labour Organization. (1930). Convention concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour (ILO No 29), Geneva, 28 June 1930, in force 1 May 1932, 39 UNTS 55.Google Scholar
International Labour Organization. (1998). Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. International Labour Conference 86th Session 1998, Annex Revised 15 June 2010. Geneva, International Labour Office.Google Scholar
International Labour Organization. (2005). A Global Alliance Against Forced Labour. International Labour Conference 93rd Session 2005, Report I(B). Geneva, International Labour Office.Google Scholar
International Labour Organization. (2009a). The Cost of Coercion: Global Report under the Follow-Up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. International Labour Conference 98th Session 2009, Report I(B). Geneva, International Labour Office.Google Scholar
International Labour Organization. (2009b). Operational Indicators of Trafficking in Human Beings. Geneva, International Labour Office and European Commission.Google Scholar
International Labour Organization. (2012). Hard to See, Harder to Count, Survey Guidelines to Estimate Forced Labour of Adults and Children. Geneva, International Labour Office.Google Scholar
International Labour Organization. (2014). Profits and Poverty: The Economics of Forced Labour. Geneva, International Labour Office.Google Scholar
International Trade Union Confederation. (2014). The Case Against Qatar: Host of the FIFA 2022 World Cup. Brussels, ITUC/Sharan Burrow.Google Scholar
Kennedy, D. (2008). Law-and-Economics from the Perspective of Critical Legal Studies. In Blume, L. E. & Durlauf, S. N., eds., The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 465474.Google Scholar
Kennedy, David. (2016). A World of Struggle: How Power, Law, and Expertise Shape Global Political Economy, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, D. (1993). Sexy Dressing Etc.: Essays on the Power and Politics of Cultural Identity, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Kornhauser, L. & Mnookin, R (1979). Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law: The Case of Divorce. Yale Law Journal, 88(5), 950997.Google Scholar
Kotiswaran, P. (2014). Beyond Sexual Humanitarianism: A Postcolonial Approach to Anti-Trafficking Law. University of California Irvine Law Review, 4, 353406.Google Scholar
Kotiswaran, P., ed. (2017). Revisiting the Law and Governance of Trafficking, Forced Labor and Modern Slavery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lang, A. (2014). Governing ‘As If’: Global Subsidies Regulation and the Benchmark Problem. Current Legal Problems, 67, 135168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Law Commission of Ontario. (2012). Vulnerable Workers and Precarious Work: Final Report. Toronto, Law Commission of Ontario. Available at: www.lco-cdo.org/en/vulnerable-workers-final-report.Google Scholar
Mundlak, G. & Rittich, K. (2015). The Challenge to Comparative Labor Law in a Globalized Era. In Finkin, M. & Mundlak, G., eds., Comparative Labor Law, Massachusetts: Edward Elgar, pp. 80111.Google Scholar
Olsen, F. E. (1985). The Myth of State Intervention in the Family. University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, 18, 835884.Google Scholar
Philipps, L. (2003). There's Only One Worker: Toward the Legal Integration of Paid Employment and Unpaid Caregiving. In Law Commission of Canada, ed., New Perspectives on the Public-Private Divide, Vancouver: UBC Press, pp. 339.Google Scholar
Plant, R. (2017). Combating Trafficking for Labour Exploitation in the Global Economy: the Need for a Differentiated Approach. In Kotiswaran, P., ed., Revisiting the Law and Governance of Trafficking, Forced Labor and Modern Slavery, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Polanyi, K. (2001). The Great Transformation, Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Preibisch, K. (2010). Pick Your Own Labor: Migrant Workers and Flexibility in Canadian Agriculture. International Migration Review, 44, 404440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reich, R. B. (2007). Supercapitalism: The Transformation of Business, Democracy, and Everyday Life, New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Rittich, K. (2002). Recharacterizing Restructuring: Gender, Law and Distribution in Market Reform, The Hague: Kluwer Law International.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rittich, Kerry.. (2003). Core Labour Rights and Labour Market Flexibility: Two Paths Entwined? In The International Bureau of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, ed., Labor Law Beyond Borders: ADR and the Internationalization of Labor Dispute Resolution, The Hague: Kluwer Law International, pp. 157208.Google Scholar
Rittich, Kerry.. (2006). Rights, Risk, and Reward: Governance Norms in the International Order and the Problem of Precarious Work. In Fudge, J. & Owens, R., eds., Precarious Work, Women, and the New Economy: The Challenge to Legal Norms, Oxford: Hart Publishing, pp. 3152.Google Scholar
Rittich, Kerry.. (2008). Global Labour Policy as Social Policy. Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 14, 227275.Google Scholar
Rittich, Kerry.. (2014). Governing by Measuring: The Millenium Development Goals in Global Governance. In Buchanan, R. & Zumbansen, P., eds., Law in Transition: Human Rights, Development and Transitional Justice, Oxford: Hart Publishing, pp. 165185.Google Scholar
Sassen, S. (2000). Women's Burden: Counter-Geographies of Globalization and the Feminization of Survival. Journal of International Affairs, 53(2), 503524.Google Scholar
Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shamir, H. (2012). A Labor Paradigm for Human Trafficking. UCLA Law Review, 60, 76136.Google Scholar
Smith, A. (1776). The Wealth of Nations, London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell.Google Scholar
Solow, R. M. (1990). The Labour Market as a Social Institution, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Standing, G. (2011). The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class, London: Bloomsbury Publishing.Google Scholar
Tarullo, D. (1987). Beyond Normalcy in the Regulation of International Trade. Harvard Law Review, 100, 546628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, C. (2011). Convergences and Divergences in International Legal Norms on Migrant Labor. Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, 32, 405441.Google Scholar
United Nations. (2000). Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, New York, 15 November 2000, in force 25 December 2003, 2237 UNTS 319.Google Scholar
UNICEF. (1993). Central and Eastern Europe in Transition, Public Policy and Social Conditions, Regional Monitoring Report No. 1. Florence, UNICEF International Child Development Centre.Google Scholar
UNICEF. (1997). Central and Eastern Europe in Transition, Public Policy and Social Conditions, Children at Risk in Central and Eastern Europe: Perils and Promises, Economies in Transition Studies, Regional Monitoring Report No. 4. Florence, UNICEF International Child Development Centre.Google Scholar
, Verité. (2014). Forced Labour in the Production of Electronic Goods in Malaysia: A Comprehensive Study of Scope and Characteristics, www.verite.org/sites/default/files/images/VeriteForcedLaborMalaysianElectronics2014.pdfGoogle Scholar
Weber, M. (1978). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Weil, D. (2014). The Fissured Workplace: Why Work Became So Bad for So Many and What Can Be Done to Improve It, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×