Agency for International Development et al. v. Alliance for Open Society International Inc. et al., 133 S. Ct. 2321 (2013).Google Scholar

Brief of Deans and Professors of Public Health and Organizations Working in Public Health Policy and Implementation as Amici Curieae in Support of Respondents. (2013). Accessed March 12, 2017, available at http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/supreme_court_preview/briefs-v2/12-10_resp_amcu_deans-etal.authcheckdam.pdfGoogle Scholar

Brief of Amici Curiae Coalition Against Trafficking in Women, Equality Now, et al., in Support of Reversal. (2013), accessed March 12, 2017, available at www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/supreme_court_preview/briefs-v2/12-10_reversal_catw-etal.authcheckdam.pdf.Google Scholar

Factum of the Secretariat of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.Google Scholar

Factum of the Women's Coalition to Abolition Prostitution.Google Scholar

Ahmed, A. (2011). “Feminism, Power, and Sex Work In the Context of HIV/AIDS: Consequences for Women's Health,” Harvard Journal of Law and Gender 34: 225–258.Google Scholar

Ahmed, A. (2015). “Trafficked? AIDS, Criminal Law and the Politics of Measurement,” University of Miami Law Review 70(1): 96–151.Google Scholar

Bennett, D. (2013). “Canada v. Bedford – The decision in 705 words.” Pivot Legal. December 20, accessed March 12, 2017, available at www.pivotlegal.org/canada_v_bedford_a_synopsis_of_the_supreme_court_of_canada_ruling.Google Scholar

Bernstein, E. (2012). Carceral politics as gender justice? The “traffic in women” and neoliberal circuits of crime, sex, and rights. Theory and Society, 41(3), 233–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Busza, J. (2006). Having the rug pulled from under your feet: One project's experience of the US policy reversal on sex work. Health Policy and Planning, 21(4), 329–332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Canada (Attorney General) v. Bedford (2013) SCC 72.Google Scholar

Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, and HIV&AIDS Legal Clinic Ontario. (2013). Factum of the Intervenors, accessed March 12, 2017, available at http://www.aidslaw.ca/site/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Bedford-SCC-June2013.pdfGoogle Scholar

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982.Google Scholar

Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network. (2014). Letter to Canadian Premiers Re: Bill C-36, accessed March 12, 2017, available at www.aidslaw.ca/site/letter-to-premiers-re-bill-c-36-dec2014/.Google Scholar

Canadian Parliament, Statutes of Canada 2014, Chapter 25, Bill C-36, accessed March 13, 2017, available at http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=6767128&File=33#3.Google Scholar

Chuang, J. A. (2010). Rescuing trafficking from ideological capture: Prostitution reform and anti-trafficking law and policy. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 158, 1655–1694.Google Scholar

Coalition Against Trafficking in Women (CATW). (2016). Ending the Demand, accessed March 12, 2017, available at www.catwinternational.org/BestPractices/EndingDemand.Google Scholar

Cusick, L. (2006). “Widening the harm reduction agenda: From drug use to sex work,” International Journal of Drug Policy. 17(1), 3–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Department of Justice. (2014). Prostitution Criminal Law Reform: Bill C-36, the Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act (S.C. 2014, C.25).Google Scholar

Department of Justice. (2014). Technical Paper: Bill C-36, Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act, accessed March 12, 2017, available at www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/other-autre/protect/p1.html.Google Scholar

Ditmore, M. and Saunders, P. (1998). Sex Work and Sex Trafficking. Sexual Health Education, 1, 15.Google Scholar

Equality Now. (2013). United Nations: Listen to Survivors – don't Jeopardize Efforts to Prevent Sex Trafficking, accessed March 12, 2017, available at http://www.equalitynow.org/action-alerts/listen-survivors-%E2%80%93-don%E2%80%99t-jeopardize-efforts-prevent-sex-trafficking.Google Scholar

Equality Now. (2014). Canada: Pass Legislation to Prevent the Sexual Exploitation of Women and Girls, accessed March 12, 2017, available at www.equalitynow.org/take_action/canada_action571.Google Scholar

Freedom Network. (2013). “Freedom Network Letter to UNAIDS in Support of its Position on Decriminalizing Prostitution,” accessed January 3, 2017, available at http://freedomnetworkusa.org/freedom-network-letter-to-unaids-in-support-of-its-position-on-decriminalizing-prostitution/.Google Scholar

Gallagher, A. (2001). Human rights and the new UN protocols on trafficking and migrant smuggling: A preliminary analysis. Human Rights Quarterly, 23(4), 975–1004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gallagher, A. T. (2010). The International Law of Human Trafficking. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

George, A. and Sabarwal, S. (2013). Sex trafficking, physical and sexual violence, and HIV risk among young female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 120(2), 119–123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ghose, T., Swendeman, D. T., and George, S. M. (2011). The role of brothels in reducing HIV risk in Sonagachi, India, Qualitative Health Research, 21(5), 587–600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Global Commission on HIV and the Law. (2012). Risks, Rights, and Health, accessed March 12, 2017, available at www.hivlawcommission.org/resources/report/FinalReport-Risks,Rights&Health-EN.pdf.Google Scholar

Goldenberg, S. M., Silverman, J. G., Engstrom, D., Bojorquez-Chapela, I., Usita, P., Rolón, M. L., and Strathdee, S. A. (2015). Exploring the context of trafficking and adolescent sex industry involvement in Tijuana, Mexico consequences for HIV risk and prevention. Violence Against Women, 21(4), 478–499.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gupta, J., Reed, E., Kershaw, T., and Blankenship, K. M. (2011). History of sex trafficking, recent experiences of violence, and HIV vulnerability among female sex workers in coastal Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 114(2), 101–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Halley, J., Kotiswaran, P., Shamir, H., and Thomas, C. (2006). From the international to the local in feminist legal responses to rape, prostitution/sex work, and sex trafficking: Four studies in contemporary governance feminism. Harvard Journal of Law & Gender, 29(2), 335–423.Google Scholar

Kerrigan, D., Kennedy, C. E., Morgan-Thomas, R., Reza-Paul, S., Mwangi, P., Win, K. T., McFall, A., Fonner, V. A., and Butler, J. (2015). A community empowerment approach to the HIV response among sex workers: Effectiveness, challenges, and considerations for implementation and scale-up. The Lancet, 385(9963), 172–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kotiswaran, P. (2015). Protocol at the crossroads: Rethinking anti-trafficking law from an Indian labour law perspective. Anti-Trafficking Review Special Issue on ‘15 Years of the UN Trafficking Protocol’ (4), 33–55.Google Scholar

Meyer, M. K. and Prügl, E. eds. (1999). Gender Politics in Global Governance. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.Google Scholar

Miller, A. (2011). Fighting over the figure of gender. Pace Law Review, 31(3), 837–872.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2006). International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights, accessed March 12, 2017, available at www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/HIVAIDSGuidelinesen.pdf.Google Scholar

Overs, C., Longo, P., and Worldwide, H. (2003). Making sex work safe. London: Network of Sex Work Projects.Google Scholar

Ozug, M. (2010). Brazil's Effective HIV-Prevention Strategies.” PRI. January 11, accessed March 12, 2017, available at http://www.pri.org/stories/2010-01-11/brazils-effective-hiv-prevention-strategies.Google Scholar

Rekart, M. L. (2006). Sex-work harm reduction. The Lancet, 366(9503), 2123–2134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Roe, G. (2005). Harm reduction as paradigm: Is better than bad good enough? The origins of harm reduction. Critical Public Health, 15(3), 243–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shannon, K. & Csete, J. (2010). Violence, condom negotiation, and HIV/STI risk among sex workers. Jama, 304(5), 573–574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Shannon, K., Rusch, M., Shoveller, J., Alexson, D., Gibson, K., & Tyndall, M. W. (2008). Mapping violence and policing as an environmental–structural barrier to health service and syringe availability among substance-using women in street-level sex work. International Journal of Drug Policy, 19(2), 140–147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Shannon, K., Strathdee, S. A., Goldenberg, S. M., Duff, P., Mwangi, P., Rusakova, M., Reza-Paul, S., Lau, J., Deering, K., Pickles, M. R., & Boily, M. C. (2015). Global epidemiology of HIV among female sex workers: Influence of structural determinants. The Lancet, 385(9962), 55–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Silverman, J. G., Decker, M. R., Gupta, J., Maheshwari, A., Patel, V., & Raj, A. (2006). HIV prevalence and predictors among rescued sex-trafficked women and girls in Mumbai, India. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 43(5), 588–593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Silverman, J. G., Decker, M. R., Gupta, J., Maheshwari, A., Willis, B. M., & Raj, A. (2007). HIV prevalence and predictors of infection in sex-trafficked Nepalese girls and women. Jama, 298(5), 536–542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Silverman, J. G., Saggurti, N., Cheng, D. M., Decker, M. R., Coleman, S. M., Bridden, C., Pardeshi, M., Dasgupta, A., Samet, J. H. & Raj, A. (2014). Associations of Sex Trafficking History with Recent Sexual Risk among HIV-infected FSWs in India. AIDS and Behavior, 18(3), 555–561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Steen, R., Jana, S., Reza-Paul, S., & Richter, M. (2015). Trafficking, sex work, and HIV: Efforts to resolve conflicts. The Lancet, 385(9963), 94–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

The Lancet. (2015). Keeping sex workers safe. The Lancet, 386, 504.Google Scholar

Treichler, P. A. (1999). How to Have Theory in an Epidemic: Cultural Chronicles of AIDS. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar

UNAIDS. (2000). Evaluation of the 100% Condom Program in Thailand, accessed March 13, 2017, available at http://data.unaids.org/publications/IRC-pub01/jc275-100pcondom_en.pdf.Google Scholar

UNAIDS. (2002). Sex Work and HIV/AIDS: UNAIDS. Technical Update, accessed March 13, 2017, available at http://data.unaids.org/publications/IRC-pub02/jc705-sexwork-tu_en.pdfGoogle Scholar

UNAIDS. (2012). Guidance Note on HIV and Sex Work, accessed March 13, 2017, available at www.nswp.org/sites/nswp.org/files/JC2306_UNAIDS-guidance-note-HIV-sex-work_en[1]_0.pdf.Google Scholar

The United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003, Pub. L. No. 108-25, § 401, 117 Stat. 711, 745.Google Scholar

United Nations. (2000). Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, New York, 15 November 2000, in force 25 December 2003, 2237 UNTS 319.Google Scholar

Van De Perre, P., Carael, M., Robert-Guroff, M., Clumeck, N., Nzabihimana, E., De Mol, P., Freyens, P., Gallo, R., Butzler, J. P., and Kanyamupira, J. B. (1985). Female prostitutes: A risk group for infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III. The Lancet, 326(8454), 524–527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Weitzer, R. (2007). The social construction of sex trafficking: Ideology and institutionalization of a moral crusade. Politics & Society, 35(3), 447–475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

World Health Organization. (2012). Prevention and treatment of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections for sex workers in low-and middle-income countries: recommendations for a public health approach. World Health Organization, accessed March 13, 2017, available at http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/77745/1/9789241504744_eng.pdfGoogle Scholar