Political Responses
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2015
Looking back at the aims of Prussian reformers and patriots between 1807 and 1813, to whom he had belonged, the Prussian statesmen Baron vom Stein wrote:
Our chief idea was to rouse a moral, religious, patriotic spirit in the nation, to inspire it anew with courage, self-confidence, a readiness to make any sacrifice for independence from foreigners and national honor, and to seize the first opportunity to begin the bloody and hazardous struggle for both.
As he had before, Stein emphasized in his reminiscences written in 1823 that, after the devastating defeat in the 1806–07 war, all aims of Prussian policy were subordinated to one “universal objective” – military liberation from Napoleonic domination. All Prussian reform initiatives were dedicated to the “chief idea” of a “national rising” (Erhebung). In his view, this applied not just to policies for which he was responsible as Prussian Minister of State between October 1807 and November 1808; the governments under Baron vom Stein zum Altenstein and Burggrave zu Dohna-Schlobitten (1808–10) as well as Baron von Hardenberg (1810–22), who followed him in this leading position, set similar priorities.
Some historians share this assessment, stressing that Prussia “had to rebuild a state which had been defeated and sliced in two, and which was still bleeding from its wounds,” and that, until 1813, the three governments differed only in their specific responses to this challenge.
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