This chapter discusses the difference in allocation of entrepreneurial talents in government and in commerce as well as its impact on the economy and society. The capabilities of those who engage in business activities determine not only the economic growth of a country, but also the size of enterprises, workers’ wages, and society’s morality. The chapter also discusses the type of system that is most favorable to entrepreneurial talents choosing to engage in entrepreneurial activities. Property rights protection is the primary determinant of the allocation of entrepreneurial talents between government and business. This chapter also uses the evolutionary game methodology to analyze the evolutionary equilibrium of entrepreneurial talent allocation and briefly analyzes the rise of China’s contingent of entrepreneurs over the last 40 years.