Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T11:53:08.539Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

1 - Aero Gas Turbines

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2022

By
Snyder Tim ,
Dusty Davis  and
Randy McKinney
Edited by
Jacqueline O'Connor ,
Bobby Noble  and
Tim Lieuwen
Jacqueline O'Connor
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Bobby Noble
Affiliation:
Electric Power Research Institute
Tim Lieuwen
Affiliation:
Georgia Institute of Technology
Get access

Summary

Gas turbine engines for aircraft applications are complex machines requiring advanced technology drawing from the disciplines of fluid mechanics, heat transfer, combustion, materials science, mechanical design, and manufacturing engineering. In the very early days of gas turbines, the combustor module was frequently the most challenging. Although the capability of the industry to design combustors has greatly improved, challenges still remain in the design of the combustor, and further innovations are required to reduce carbon emissions. Many companies in the aviation industry committed to a pathway to carbon-neutral growth and aspire to carbon-free future in 2008. Additionally, airframers have aggressive goals to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 50% by 2050 compared to those in 2005. Achieving these goals require technology advancements in all aspects of the aviation industry including airframers, engine manufactures fuel providers, and all the associated supply chains. The focus of this chapter is the influence of one module of the aircraft engine – the combustor.

Keywords

combustoremissionsspraysaircraftperformanceoperabilityblowoffparticulates
Type
Chapter
Information
Renewable Fuels
Sources, Conversion, and Utilization
 , pp. 3 - 34
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Air Transport Action Group. (2008). Aviation industry commitment to action on climate change. 3rd Aviation and Environment Summit, Geneva, Switzerland, April 22. www.atag.org/component/attachments/?task=download&id=68.htmlGoogle Scholar
Airbus (2021). Environmental Matters for the Future of Aerospace. www.airbus.com/sites/g/files/jlcbta136/files/2021-07/Environment-matters-for-the-future-of-aerospace.pdfGoogle Scholar
American Society for Testing Materials. (2010). Standard specification for aviation turbine fuels. Annual Book of Standards. www.astm.org/d1655-21c.htmlGoogle Scholar
Boggia, S., & Jackson, A. (2002). Some unconventional aero gas turbines using hydrogen fuel. Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, GT2002–30412CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, D. (1961). NX-2 ANP Convair Nuclear Propulsion Jet. Jet Pioneers of America.Google Scholar
Coordinating Research Council (1983). Handbook of Aviation Fuel Properties. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA132106.pdfGoogle Scholar
Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. International Energy Outlook 2021, Table L01, October 6, 2021. Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Edwards, J. T. (2020). Jet fuel properties. Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson AFB United States.Google Scholar
Funke, H. H.-W., Beckmann, N., Keinz, J., & Horikawa, A. (2021). 30 years of dry-low-NOx micromix combustor research for hydrogen-rich fuels – An overview of past and present activities. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 143(7), 071002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golley, J., Whittle, S. F., & Gunston, B. (1987). Whittle, the true story. Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar
Holdeman, J. D. (1993). Mixing of multiple jets with a confined subsonic crossflow. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 19(1), 31–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holladay, J., Abdullah, Z., & Heyne, J. (2020). Sustainable aviation fuel: Review of technical pathways. DOE/EE-2041 8292, USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lefebvre, A. H., & Ballal, D. R. (2010). Gas turbine combustion: Alternative fuels and emissions. CRC Press.Google Scholar
Lefebvre, A. H., & McDonell, V. G. (2017). Atomization and sprays. CRC Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieuwen, T. C., & Yang, V. (2005). Combustion instabilities in gas turbine engines: Operational experience, fundamental mechanisms, and modeling. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.Google Scholar
Lieuwen, T., McDonell, V., Santavicca, D., & Sattelmayer, T. (2009). Operability issues associated with steady flowing combustors. CRC Press.Google Scholar
Liu, J., Bao, Z., & Zhang, J. (2019). Pathways for practical high-energy long-cycling lithium metal batteries. Nature Energy, 4(3), 180–186.Google Scholar
Marek, C., Smith, T., & Kundu, K. (2005). Low emission hydrogen combustors for gas turbines using lean direct injection. 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, AIAA2005–3776Google Scholar
Mensch, A., Santoro, R. J., Litzinger, T. A., & Lee, S.-Y. (2010). Sooting characteristics of surrogates for jet fuels. Combustion and Flame, 157(6), 1097–1105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Academies of Sciences and Medicine, Engineering, and Medicine. (2020). Advanced technologies for gas turbines. National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Reiman, A. D. (2009). AMC’s hydrogen future: Sustainable air mobility. Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, School of Engineering and Management.Google Scholar
Schobert, H. H. (2013). The chemistry of hydrocarbon fuels. Butterworth-Heinemann.Google Scholar
Sloop, J. L. (1978). Liquid hydrogen as a propulsion fuel, 1945–1959 (Vol. 4404). Scientific and Technical Information Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.Google Scholar
Smith, J. M., van Ness, H. C., Abbott, M. M., & Swihart, M. T. (2018). Introduction to chemical engineering thermodynamics, 8th ed. McGraw-Hill Education.Google Scholar
Valera-Medina, A., Amer-Hatem, F., Azad, A. K., Dedoussi, I. C., de Joannon, M., Fernandes, R. X., Glarborg, P., Hashemi, H., He, X., Mashruk, S., McGowan, J., Mounaim-Rouselle, C., Ortiz-Prado, A., Ortiz-Valera, A., Rossetti, I., Shu, B., Yehia, M., Xiao, H., & Costa, M. Review on ammonia as a potential fuel: From synthesis to economics (2021). Energy & Fuels 2021. 35(9), pp 6964–7029.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×