Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T01:32:38.026Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 4 - Prevention and screening

from Section I - General approach to the care of the elderly

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2016

By
James T. Birch  and
Shelley Bhattacharya
Edited by
Jan Busby-Whitehead ,
Christine Arenson ,
Samuel C. Durso ,
Daniel Swagerty ,
Laura Mosqueda ,
Maria Fiatarone Singh  and
William Reichel
Jan Busby-Whitehead
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina
Christine Arenson
Affiliation:
Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia
Samuel C. Durso
Affiliation:
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Daniel Swagerty
Affiliation:
University of Kansas
Laura Mosqueda
Affiliation:
University of Southern California
Maria Fiatarone Singh
Affiliation:
University of Sydney
William Reichel
Affiliation:
Georgetown University, Washington DC
Get access

Summary

The need for key screening and prevention activities for older adults is evidence-based. Prevention of infectious disease and illness is often overlooked or considered irrelevant in the geriatric population and is equally as important as management of the multiple acute and chronic conditions that are encountered. Approaches to screening for chronic illness, cancer, and preventable illnesses have evolved and undergone modification over many decades of research and evaluation of outcomes. Screening of common geriatric syndromes such as depression and dementia has been recently updated.
Type
Chapter
Information
Reichel's Care of the Elderly
Clinical Aspects of Aging
 , pp. 46 - 57
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Clarfield, AM. Screening in frail older people: an ounce of prevention or a pound of trouble? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2010;58(10):2016–21.Google Scholar
Vila-Corcoles, A, Ochoa-Gondar, O, Hospital, I, Ansa, X, Vilanova, A, Rodriguez, T, et al. Protective effects of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in the elderly population: the EVAN-65 study. Clinical Infectious Diseases: an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2006;43(7):860–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rivetti, D, Jefferson, T, Thomas, R, Rudin, M, Rivetti, A, Di Pietrantonj, C, et al. Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2006(3):CD004876.Google Scholar
DiazGranados, CA, Dunning, AJ, Kimmel, M, Kirby, D, Treanor, J, Collins, A, et al. Efficacy of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccine in older adults. New England Journal of Medicine. 2014;371(7):635–45.Google Scholar
Fashner, J, Bell, AL. Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: prevention and management. American Family Physician. 2011;83(12):1432–7.Google Scholar
Wilson, JF. Herpes zoster. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2011;154(5):ITC31–15; quiz ITC316.Google Scholar
Fukutomi, M, Kario, K. Aging and hypertension. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy. 2010;8(11):1531–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahvan, TD, Mlodinow, SG. JNC 8: what’s covered, what’s not, and what else to consider. Journal of Family Practice. 2014;63(10):574–84.Google Scholar
Kjeldsen, S, Feldman, RD, Lisheng, L, Mourad, JJ, Chiang, CE, Zhang, W, et al. Updated national and international hypertension guidelines: a review of current recommendations. Drugs. 2014;74(17):2033–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
James, PA, Oparil, S, Carter, BL, Cushman, WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb, C, Handler, J, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014;311(5):507–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, NJ, Robinson, JG, Lichtenstein, AH, Bairey Merz, CN, Blum, CB, Eckel, RH, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129(25 Suppl 2):S1–45.Google Scholar
Pang, WY, Inderjeeth, CA. FRAX without bone mineral density versus osteoporosis self-assessment screening tool as predictors of osteoporosis in primary screening of individuals aged 70 and older. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2014;62(3):442–6.Google Scholar
Cosman, F, de Beur, SJ, LeBoff, MS, Lewiecki, EM, Tanner, B, Randall, S, et al. Clinician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International: a Journal Established as Result of Cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. 2014;25(10):2359–81.Google Scholar
Foundation No. 2013 Clinician’s Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis 2013 [cited 2015 January 15, 2015]. Available at: http://nof.org/files/nof/public/content/file/917/upload/481.pdf.Google Scholar
Recommendations abstracted from the American Geriatrics Society Consensus Statement on vitamin D for Prevention of Falls and Their Consequences. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2014;62(1):147–52.Google Scholar
Institute of Medicine Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D, Calcium. The National Academies Collection: reports funded by National Institutes of Health. In: Ross, AC, Taylor, CL, Yaktine, AL, Del Valle, HB (eds). Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US) National Academy of Sciences.; 2011.Google Scholar
Kanis, JA, Johnell, O, Oden, A, Johansson, H, De Laet, C, Eisman, JA, et al. Smoking and fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Osteoporosis International: a Journal Established as Result of Cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. 2005;16(2):155–62.Google Scholar
Kanis, JA, Johansson, H, Johnell, O, Oden, A, De Laet, C, Eisman, JA, et al. Alcohol intake as a risk factor for fracture. Osteoporosis International: a Journal Established as Result of Cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. 2005;16(7):737–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nelson, ME, Rejeski, WJ, Blair, SN, Duncan, PW, Judge, JO, King, AC, et al. Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007;116(9):1094–105.Google Scholar
Robertson, MC, Campbell, AJ, Gardner, MM, Devlin, N. Preventing injuries in older people by preventing falls: a meta-analysis of individual-level data. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2002;50(5):905–11.Google Scholar
Nash, SD, Cruickshanks, KJ, Klein, R, Klein, BE, Nieto, FJ, Huang, GH, et al. The prevalence of hearing impairment and associated risk factors: the Beaver Dam Offspring Study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;137(5):432–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gates, GA, Mills, JH. Presbycusis. Lancet. 2005;366(9491):1111–20.Google Scholar
Walker, JJ, Cleveland, LM, Davis, JL, Seales, JS. Audiometry screening and interpretation. American Family Physician. 2013;87(1):41–7.Google Scholar
Arlinger, S. Negative consequences of uncorrected hearing loss – a review. Int J Audiol. 2003;42 Suppl 2:2S17–20.Google Scholar
Pelletier, AL, Thomas, J, Shaw, FR. Vision loss in older persons. American Family Physician. 2009;79(11):963–70.Google Scholar
Albert, RH, Clark, MM. Cancer screening in the older patient. American Family Physician. 2008;78(12):1369–74.Google Scholar
Walter, LC, Covinsky, KE. Cancer screening in elderly patients: a framework for individualized decision making. JAMA. 2001;285(21):2750–6.Google Scholar
Rosen, SL, Reuben, DB. Geriatric assessment tools. Mt Sinai J Med. 2011;78(4):489–97.Google Scholar
Maurer, DM. Screening for depression. American Family Physician. 2012;85(2):139–44.Google Scholar
Uher, R, Payne, JL, Pavlova, B, Perlis, RH. Major depressive disorder in DSM-5: implications for clinical practice and research of changes from DSM-IV. Depress Anxiety. 2014;31(6):459–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cahoon, CG. Depression in older adults. American Journal of Nursing. 2012;112(11):22–30; quiz 1.Google Scholar
Mauk, KL. Rooting out hypothyroidism in the elderly. Nursing. 2005;35(12):65–6.Google Scholar
Mohandas, R, Gupta, KL. Managing thyroid dysfunction in the elderly: answers to seven common questions. Postgraduate Medicine. 2003;113(5):54–6, 65–8, 100.Google Scholar
American College of Physicians. Clinical guideline, part 1: screening for thyroid disease. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1998;129(2):141–3.Google Scholar
Felz, MW. Who should be screened for thyroid disease? Postgraduate Medicine. 2005;118(3):9–10.Google Scholar
Helfand, M, Crapo, LM. Screening for thyroid disease. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1990;112(11):840–9.Google Scholar
Hennessey, JV, Espaillat, R. Subclinical hypothyroidism: a historical view and shifting prevalence. International Journal of Clinical Practice. 2015 Jul;69(7):771–82.Google Scholar
Fowler, NR, Boustani, MA, Frame, A, Perkins, AJ, Monahan, P, Gao, S, et al. Effect of patient perceptions on dementia screening in primary care. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2012;60(6):1037–43.Google Scholar
Galvin, JE, Sadowsky, CH. Practical guidelines for the recognition and diagnosis of dementia. J Am Board Fam Med. 2012;25(3):367–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borson, S, Frank, L, Bayley, PJ, Boustani, M, Dean, M, Lin, PJ, et al. Improving dementia care: the role of screening and detection of cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement. 2013;9(2):151–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, JS, O’Connor, E, Rossom, RC, Perdue, LA, Eckstrom, E. Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults: a systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(9):601–12.Google Scholar
Boustani, M. Dementia screening in primary care: not too fast! Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2013;61(7):1205–7.Google Scholar
Kilik, LA, Hopkins, RW, Prince, CR. How to avoid 3 common errors in dementia screening. Journal of Family Practice. 2014;63(8):E1–7.Google Scholar
Bond, MC, Butler, KH. Elder abuse and neglect: definitions, epidemiology, and approaches to emergency department screening. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 2013;29(1):257–73.Google Scholar
Forum on Global Violence P, Board on Global H, Institute of M, National Research C. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Elder Abuse and Its Prevention: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). Copyright 2014 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved; 2014.Google Scholar
Elder Abuse and Its Prevention: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences; 2014 Mar 18.Google Scholar
Fulmer, T, Guadagno, L, Bitondo Dyer, C, Connolly, MT. Progress in elder abuse screening and assessment instruments. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2004;52(2):297–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tinetti, ME, Inouye, SK, Gill, TM, Doucette, JT. Shared risk factors for falls, incontinence, and functional dependence: unifying the approach to geriatric syndromes. JAMA. 1995;273(17):1348–53.Google Scholar
Vaught, SL. Gait, balance, and fall prevention. Ochsner J. 2001;3(2):94–7.Google Scholar
Nevitt, MC, Cummings, SR, Hudes, ES. Risk factors for injurious falls: a prospective study. J Gerontol. 1991;46(5):M164–70.Google Scholar
Penninx, BW, Pluijm, SM, Lips, P, Woodman, R, Miedema, K, Guralnik, JM, et al. Late-life anemia is associated with increased risk of recurrent falls. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2005;53(12):2106–11.Google Scholar
Woolcott, JC, Richardson, KJ, Wiens, MO, Patel, B, Marin, J, Khan, KM, et al. Meta-analysis of the impact of 9 medication classes on falls in elderly persons. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2009;169(21):1952–60.Google Scholar
Cumming, RG, Thomas, M, Szonyi, G, Salkeld, G, O’Neill, E, Westbury, C, et al. Home visits by an occupational therapist for assessment and modification of environmental hazards: a randomized trial of falls prevention. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1999;47(12):1397–402.Google Scholar
Cawthon, PM, Harrison, SL, Barrett-Connor, E, Fink, HA, Cauley, JA, Lewis, CE, et al. Alcohol intake and its relationship with bone mineral density, falls, and fracture risk in older men. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2006;54(11):1649–57.Google Scholar
Tencer, AF, Koepsell, TD, Wolf, ME, Frankenfeld, CL, Buchner, DM, Kukull, WA, et al. Biomechanical properties of shoes and risk of falls in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2004;52(11):1840–6.Google Scholar
Tinetti, ME. Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1986;34(2):119–26.Google Scholar
Mathias, S, Nayak, US, Isaacs, B. Balance in elderly patients: the “get-up and go” test. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1986;67(6):387–9.Google Scholar
Wilson, SR, Knowles, SB, Huang, Q, Fink, A. The prevalence of harmful and hazardous alcohol consumption in older US adults: data from the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). J Gen Intern Med. 2014;29(2):312–9.Google Scholar
Blow, FC, Barry, KL. Alcohol and substance misuse in older adults. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012;14(4):310–9.Google Scholar
Wang, YP, Andrade, LH. Epidemiology of alcohol and drug use in the elderly. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2013;26(4):343–8.Google Scholar
Bakhshi, S, While, AE. Older people and alcohol use. Br J Community Nurs. 2014;19(8):370–4.Google Scholar
Bush, K, Kivlahan, DR, McDonell, MB, Fihn, SD, Bradley, KA. The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP). Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1998;158(16):1789–95.Google Scholar
Messinger-Rapport, BJ. How to assess and counsel the older driver. Cleve Clin J Med. 2002;69(3):184–5, 9–90, 92.Google Scholar
Ott, BR, Davis, JD, Papandonatos, GD, Hewitt, S, Festa, EK, Heindel, WC, et al. Assessment of driving-related skills prediction of unsafe driving in older adults in the office setting. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2013;61(7):1164–9.Google Scholar
Tombaugh, TN. Trail making Test A and B: normative data stratified by age and education. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2004;19(2):203–14.Google Scholar
Rigotti, NA. Clinical practice: treatment of tobacco use and dependence. New England Journal of Medicine. 2002;346(7):506–12.Google Scholar
Helge, TD, Denelsky, GY. Pharmacologic aids to smoking cessation. Cleve Clin J Med. 2000;67(11):818, 21–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Connolly, MJ. Smoking cessation in old age: closing the stable door? Age and ageing. 2000;29(3):193–5.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×