Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T19:46:54.989Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

3 - Expanding Revision Clauses in Democratic Constitutions

from Part I - Conceptual, Normative, and Empirical Issues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 August 2020

Gabriel L. Negretto
Affiliation:
Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
Get access

Summary

In democratic regimes, formal constitutional change is an important opportunity for the people to express their sovereign power and improve their constitutional system of government. But how should this process be designed in order to live up to this promise? Democratic theory prioritizes an open process that allows the people to bypass entrenched elites and restructure their democratic orders through extraordinary institutions. Yet this open process can create an even larger problem: That a self-interested majority faction captures these extraordinary institutions and uses constitutional law to entrench itself. This problem of faction is best solved through legal regulation and institutional checks and balances. Looking to comparative experience, this chapter will examine ways to balance the need for openness and regulation in democratic constitution making. This analysis in turn can help us design expanded revision clauses in democratic constitutions that will allow constitutions to improve the process of constitution making.

Type
Chapter
Information
Redrafting Constitutions in Democratic Regimes
Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives
, pp. 53 - 77
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adkins, Mary. 2016. “Organizing Florida’s Next Constitution Revision Commission: A Historical Perspective.” UF Law Faculty Blogs. https://facultyblogs.law.ufl.edu/210-2/.Google Scholar
Amar, Akhil Reed. 1984. “Choosing Representatives by Lottery Voting.” Yale Law Journal 93(7): 12831308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amar, Akhil Reed. 1994. “The Consent of the Governed: Constitutional Amendment outside Article V.” Columbia Law Review 94(2): 457508.Google Scholar
Australian Electoral Commission (AEC). “Electoral Backgrounder: Referendum Advertising.” Last updated, February 17, 2015. www.aec.gov.au/about_aec/Publications/Backgrounders/ref-advert.htm.Google Scholar
Australia’s First Citizens’ Parliament. 2009. newDemocracy Foundation. www.newdemocracy.com.au/docs/newDemocracy_Citizens_Parliament_Handbook.pdf.Google Scholar
Black, Charles L. Jr. 1972. “Amending the Constitution: A Letter to a Congressman.” Yale Law Journal 82(2): 189215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, Everett S. 1935. “The Ratification of the Twenty-First Amendment.” The American Political Science Review 29(6): 10051017.Google Scholar
Brown, Nathan J. 2008. “Reason, Interest, Rationality, and Passion in Constitution Drafting.” Perspectives on Politics 6(4): 675689.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caplan, Russell L. 1988. Constitutional Brinksmanship: Amending the Constitution by National Convention. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
The Carter Center. 2011–2014. The Constitution-Making Process in Tunisia. Final Report. Atlanta, GA. www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/news/peace_publications/democracy/tunisia-constitution-making-process.pdf.Google Scholar
Colantuono, Michael G. 1987. “The Revision of American State Constitutions: Legislative Power, Popular Sovereignty, and Constitutional Change.” California Law Review 75(4): 14731512.Google Scholar
Colón-Ríos, Joel. 2010. “The Legitimacy of the Juridical: Constituent Power, Democracy, and the Limits of Constitutional Reform.” Osgoode Hall Law Journal 48(2): 199245.Google Scholar
Colon-Rios, Joel. 2011. “Carl Schmitt and Constituent Power in Latin American Courts: The Cases of Venezuela and Colombia.” Constellations 18(3): 365388.Google Scholar
Cooter, Robert D., and Gilbert, Michael D.. 2010. “A Theory of Direct Democracy and the Single Subject Rule.” Columbia Law Review 110(3): 687730.Google Scholar
Dellinger, Walter E. 1979. “The Recurring Question of the “Limited” Constitutional Convention.” Yale Law Journal 88(8): 16231640.Google Scholar
Elkins, Zachary, Ginsburg, Tom, and Blount, Justine. 2008. “The Citizen As Founder: Public Participation in Constitutional Approval.” Temple Law Review 81(2): 361382.Google Scholar
Elster, Jon. 2013. Securities against Misrule: Juries, Assemblies, Elections. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Farrand, Max (ed.) 1966. The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787. Vol. 1. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Fritz, Christian. 2008. American Sovereigns: The People and America’s Constitutional Tradition before the Civil War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ghai, Yash. 2005. “The Role of Constituent Assemblies in Constitution Making.” International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. www.agora-parl.org/sites/default/files/the_role_of_constituent_assemblies_in_constitution_making.pdf.Google Scholar
Jameson, John Alexander. 2013. A Treatise on Constitutional Conventions: Their History, Powers, and Modes of Proceeding. Clark: Lawbook Exchange.Google Scholar
Kay, Richard S. 2011. “Constituent Authority.” American Journal of Comparative Law 59(3): 715762.Google Scholar
Landau, David. 2013a. “Constitution-Making Gone Wrong.” Alabama Law Review 64(5): 923980.Google Scholar
Landau, David. 2013b. “Abusive Constitutionalism.” UC Davis Law Review 47(1): 189260.Google Scholar
Landemore, Hélène. 2015. “Inclusive Constitution-Making: The Icelandic Experiment.” The Journal of Political Philosophy 23(2): 166191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levinson, Daryl J. 2011. “Parchment and Politics: The Positive Puzzle of Constitutional Commitment.” Harvard Law Review 124(3): 657746.Google Scholar
Levinson, Sanford. 2008. Our Undemocratic Constitution: Where the Constitution Goes Wrong (And How We the People Can Correct It). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Levinson, Sanford. 2012. Framed: America’s Fifty-One Constitutions and the Crisis of Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lieb, Ethan J. 2006. “Supermajoritarianism and the American Criminal Jury.” Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 33(2): 141196.Google Scholar
Lijphart, Arend. 2012. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
McGinnis, John O., and Rappaport, Michael B.. 2002. “Our Supermajoritarian Constitution.” Texas Law Review 80(4): 703806.Google Scholar
Madison, James, Hamilton, Alexander, and Jay, John. [1788] 1987. The Federalist Papers. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Morgan, David Gwynn. 2015. “Referenda: Like the Egg That Was Excellent in Parts.” Constitutional Making & Constitutional Change. February 16, 2015. http://constitutional-change.com/referenda-like-the-egg-that-was-excellent-in-parts/.Google Scholar
Morse, Carroll Andrew. 2014. “A Constitutional Convention for Rhode Island? The History and Legal Framework.” The Ocean State Current. http://oceanstatecurrent.com/interview/a-constitutional-convention-for-rhode-island-the-history-and-legal-framework/.Google Scholar
Ntwari, Daniel S. 2015. “Rwandan Controversial Constitutional Reform Commission Members Sworn in Amidst Lawsuit.” Afrika Reporter, September 16. www.afrikareporter.com/rwandan-controversial-constitutional-reform-commission-members-sworn-in-amidst-lawsuit/.Google Scholar
Partlett, William. 2012. “The Dangers of Popular Constitution-Making.” Brooklyn Journal of International Law 38(1): 193238.Google Scholar
Partlett, William. 2015. “Restoration Constitution-Making.” Vienna Journal of International Constitutional Law 9(4): 514547.Google Scholar
Partlett, William. 2016a. “The Elite Threat to Constitutional Transitions.” Virginia Journal of International Law 56(2): 407458.Google Scholar
Partlett, William. 2016b. “Reforming Centralism and Supervision in Armenia and Ukraine” in Annual Review of Constitution-Building Processes: 2015. Bisarya, Sumit et al. (eds.) Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 8598. www.idea.int/publications/catalogue/annual-review-constitution-building-processes-2015?lang=en.Google Scholar
Partlett, William. 2017. “The American Tradition of Constituent Power.” International Journal of Constitutional Law, 15(4): 955987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, Cheryl. 2012. “Constitution-Making in the 21st Century.” International Review of Law 2012(1): 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Setala, Maija. 2006. “On the Problems of Responsibility and Accountability in Referendums.” European Journal of Political Research 45(4): 699721.Google Scholar
“Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, September 6, 1789.” 2000. The Founders’ Constitution. Kurland, Philip B. and Lerner, Ralph (eds.) http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch2s23.html.Google Scholar
Tierney, Stephen. 2009. “Constitutional Referendums: A Theoretical Enquiry.” Modern Law Review 72(3): 360383.Google Scholar
Tierney, Stephen. 2014. “The Independence Referendum in Scotland: Constructing a Deliberative Process?” Presented at “Constitutional Challenges: Global and Local,” IXth World Congress of the International Association of Constitutional Law (IACL), Oslo, Norway (June 16–20, 2014). www.jus.uio.no/english/research/news-and-events/events/conferences/2014/wccl-cmdc/wccl/papers/ws16/w16-tierney.pdf.Google Scholar
Tribe, Laurence H. 1983. “A Constitution We Are Amending: In Defense of a Restrained Judicial Role.” Harvard Law Review 97(2): 433445.Google Scholar
Tushnet, Mark. 2006. “Popular Constitutionalism As Political Law.” Chicago-Kent Law Review 81(3): 9911006.Google Scholar
Tydings, Joseph. 1967. Statement of Senator Tydings, Maryland, 113 Congressional Record 10103.Google Scholar
Van Alstyne, William W. 1978. “Does Article V Restrict the States to Calling Unlimited Conventions Only?: A Letter to a Colleague.” Duke Law Journal 1979(6): 12951306.Google Scholar
Venice Commission. 2010. Report on Constitutional Amendment. No. CDL-AD(2010)001. 81st Plen. Sess. www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-AD(2010)001-e.Google Scholar
Weis, Lael. N.d. “Environmental Constitutionalism: Aspiration or Transformation?” (On file with author).Google Scholar
Williams, Robert F. 1996. “Are State Constitutional Conventions Things of the Past? The Increasing Role of the Constitutional Commission in State Constitutional Change.” Hofstra Law & Policy Symposium 1(1): 126.Google Scholar
Wood, Gordon S. 1969. The Creation of the American Republic, 1776–1787. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×