Chapter ten concludes the book. The main findings are summarised and discussed and some theoretical premises are formulated that could contribute to a further theoretical debate about (de-)escalation. The book concludes that escalation and de-escalation are far from linear, carefully calculated phenomena but more often highly path dependent, inadvertent, if not accidental and beyond any individual’s control. The chapter also translates these findings into considerations for policy and paints some avenues for further research.