Introduction

What does it mean to forget, learn, or relearn how to see? Reflecting on these questions, this essay emerges from the intersection of digital methodologies and my own art historical interest in the ontological operations of early modern print. These two apparently unrelated fields of inquiry come together as I consider the role of new image technologies and the concomitant processes of replication, circulation, and standardization, today and at the beginnings of globalization around 1600. Here, I briefly sketch some parallels between the infrastructural role of early modern print and twenty-first century attempts to automate and instrumentalize vision, both as efforts to deconstruct and reconstruct ways of seeing.

Indulgent Images, Imperial Infrastructures

Wherever Europeans landed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, they brought printed images with them. Stacked and bundled, these woodcuts and engravings were used to introduce foreign rulers, customs, stories and artistic styles. Here is a king, an animal, a city you will never see. The Christian God looks like this; this is his mother (Figure 12.1). Accounting for the diverse roles of prints in the colonization of the Americas, Tom Cummins has described prints as the “indulgent medium par excellence,” as “simultaneously the most democratic and oppressive of all forms of images.” Cummins identifies the ubiquity of prints in the colonial world as symptomatic both of colonial power and its resistance.