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22 - Glutamatergic regulation of REM sleep

from Section IV - Neuroanatomy and neurochemistry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2011

By
Pierre-Hervé Luppi ,
Olivier Clement ,
Emilie Sapin ,
Damien Gervasoni ,
Denise Salvert  and
Patrice Fort
Edited by
Birendra N. Mallick ,
S. R. Pandi-Perumal ,
Robert W. McCarley  and
Adrian R. Morrison
Pierre-Hervé Luppi
Affiliation:
Université de Lyon, France
Olivier Clement
Affiliation:
Université de Lyon, France
Emilie Sapin
Affiliation:
Université de Lyon, France
Damien Gervasoni
Affiliation:
Université de Lyon, France
Denise Salvert
Affiliation:
Université de Lyon, France
Patrice Fort
Affiliation:
Université de Lyon, France
Birendra N. Mallick
Affiliation:
Jawaharlal Nehru University
S. R. Pandi-Perumal
Affiliation:
Somnogen Canada Inc, Toronto
Robert W. McCarley
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
Adrian R. Morrison
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
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Summary

Summary

Since the discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (also known as paradoxical sleep, PS), it has been accepted that sleep is an active process. Paradoxical sleep is characterized by electroencephalogram (EEG) rhythmic activity resembling that of waking with a disappearance of muscle tone and the occurrence of REMs in contrast to slow-wave sleep (SWS, also known as non-REM sleep) identified by the presence of delta waves. Here, we review the most recent data indicating that glutamatergic neurons play a key role in the genesis of PS. We propose an updated integrated model of the mechanisms responsible for PS integrating these neurons. We hypothesize that the entrance from SWS to PS is due to the activation of PS-active glutamatergic neurons localized in the pontine sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus (SLD). We further propose that these neurons are tonically excited across all the sleep–waking cycle by glutamatergic neurons localized in the lateral periaqueductal gray. We finally hypothesize that the onset of activity of the SLD glutamatergic neurons is due to the removal of a GABAergic input from neurons localized in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray and the adjacent deep mesencephalic reticular nucleus.

Type
Chapter
Information
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
Regulation and Function
 , pp. 214 - 222
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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