Persons with access to medical care and combination antiretroviral medication (CART) are no longer dying of AIDS but are dying of other multimorbid and severe medical illnesses, as are comparable populations with HIV infection. AIDS psychiatry has become a subspecialty of psychosomatic medicine, similar to psychonephrology, psychooncology, and transplant psychiatry. Clinical decision-making in persons living with HIV and AIDS takes into account not only the multimorbid medical and psychiatric illnesses but also the need for prevention of HIV transmission and alleviation of the distress and suffering of persons infected and affected by the illness. This chapter discusses psychopharmacology and addictive disorders, and psychopharmacology and other psychiatric disorders. Psychosomatic medicine psychiatrists, AIDS psychiatrists, geriatric psychiatrists, child psychiatrists, other psychiatrists, and mental health clinicians can play a vital role in the prevention of HIV transmission and the care of persons with HIV.