The materialist theories of revolution are critically discussed in this chapter. These theories include realistic conflict theory, resource mobilization theory,social dominance theory, elite theory, system justification theory, and the Five-Stage Model of intergroup relations. On the surface, these theories place psychological science in the periphery and assume material factors to be the main drivers of revolutions. However, because the psychological interpretation of material conditions is given a central place, psychology does play an important role in materialist theories. Also, the father of materialist accounts, Karl Marx, gave importance to psychological factors through concepts such as false consciousness. Individuals experience false consciousness when they are unaware of their true group membership and collective interests. System justification theory is particularly influenced by the idea of false consciousness. Elite theory and the Five-Stage Model present a cyclical rather than linear model of historical development, suggesting that group-based inequalities tend to continue, even after revolutions.