Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T13:48:33.533Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 12 - Change Leadership

A Social Identity Perspective

from Part V - The Process of Change Leadership

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 September 2023

Shaul Oreg
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Alexandra Michel
Affiliation:
Universität Heidelberg
Rune Todnem By
Affiliation:
Universitet i Stavanger, Norway
Get access

Summary

This chapter takes a social identity perspective on change leadership. Although leading change is considered to be an essential part of leadership in general, the empirical literature on this topic is relatively sparse. Yet, the social identity perspective provides valuable insights into this topic, in particular, shedding light on why individuals resist or support change and how leaders can play a role in facilitating positive change pathways. Drawing on this literature, we develop a multi-identity pathway model, which outlines how leaders can enable employee change adjustment by enhancing perceptions of identity continuity and identity gain during change processes. This model further explores the identity management behaviors that leaders can employ to inspire support for change, and the different (organizational, team, and occupational) identity foci that may facilitate positive change reactions. Finally, we discuss whether shared or distributed models of leadership are feasible leadership mechanisms in fostering strong post-change support among employees.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Psychology of Organizational Change
New Insights on the Antecedents and Consequences of Individuals' Responses to Change
, pp. 263 - 288
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agote, L., Aramburu, N., & Lines, R. (2016). Authentic leadership perception, trust in the leader, and followers’ emotions in organizational change processes. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 52(1), 3563.Google Scholar
Aitken, K., & von Treuer, K. (2021). Leadership behaviours that foster organisational identification during change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 34(2) 311326.Google Scholar
Antonakis, J., Cianciolo, A. T., & Sternberg, R. J (2004). Leadership: Past, present, and future. In Antonakis, J., Cianciolo, A. T., and Sternberg, R. J. (eds.), The nature of leadership (pp. 315). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.Google Scholar
Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 2039.Google Scholar
Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (1995). Individual consideration viewed at multiple levels of analysis: A multi-level framework for examining the diffusion of transformational leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 199218.Google Scholar
Babić, V. M., Savović, S. D., & Domanović, V. M. (2014). Transformational leadership and post-acquisition performance in transitional economies. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 27(6), 856876.Google Scholar
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Bayraktar, S., & Jiménez, A. (2020). Self-efficacy as a resource: A moderated mediation model of transformational leadership, extent of change and reactions to change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 33(2), 301317.Google Scholar
Beer, M., Eisenstat, R. A., & Spector, B. (1990). Why change programs don’t produce change. Harvard Business Review, 68(6), 158166.Google Scholar
Belschak, F. D., Jacobs, G., Giessner, S. R., Horton, K. E., & Bayerl, P. S. (2020). When the going gets tough: Employee reactions to large-scale organizational change and the role of employee Machiavellianism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 41(9), 830850Google Scholar
Bobbio, A., van Knippenberg, D., & van Knippenberg, B. (2005). Leading change: Two empirical studies from a social identity theory of leadership perspective. Poster presented at the EAESP medium sized meeting “Academy colloquium on social identity in organizations”. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June.Google Scholar
Burnes, B. (1996). No such thing as … a “one best way” to manage organizational change. Management Decision, 34(10), 1118.Google Scholar
By, R. T. (2007). Ready or not … Journal of Change Management, 7(1), 311.Google Scholar
By, R. T. (2021). Leadership: In pursuit of purpose. Journal of Change Management, 21(1), 3044.Google Scholar
Campbell, D. T. (1958). Common fate, similarity, and other indices of the status of aggregates of persons as social entities. Behavioral Science, 3(1), 1425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canterino, F., Cirella, S., Piccoli, B., & Shani, A. B. R. (2020). Leadership and change mobilization: The mediating role of distributed leadership. Journal of Business Research, 108, 4251.Google Scholar
Carter, M. Z., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., & Mossholder, K. W. (2013). Transformational leadership, relationship quality, and employee performance during continuous incremental organizational change. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(7), 942958.Google Scholar
Clegg, S., Crevani, L., Uhl-Bien, M., & By, R. T. (2021). Changing leadership in changing times. Journal of Change Management, 21(1), 113.Google Scholar
Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1987). Towards a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy of Management Review, 12(4), 637647.Google Scholar
Cooke, F. L., Wood, G., Wang, M., & Li, A. S. (2021). Riding the tides of mergers and acquisitions by building a resilient workforce: A framework for studying the role of human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 31(3), 100747.Google Scholar
Cummings, S., Bridgman, T., & Brown, K. G. (2016). Unfreezing change as three steps: Rethinking Kurt Lewin’s legacy for change management. Human Relations, 69(1), 3360.Google Scholar
De Sousa, M. J. C., & van Dierendonck, D. (2014). Servant leadership and engagement in a merge process under high uncertainty. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 27(6), 877899.Google Scholar
Demers, C., Giroux, N., & Chreim, S. (2003). Merger and acquisition announcements as corporate wedding narratives. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(2), 223242.Google Scholar
Denis, J. L., Langley, A., & Sergi, V. (2012). Leadership in the plural. Academy of Management Annals, 6(1), 211283.Google Scholar
van Dick, R., Hirst, G., Grojean, M. W., & Wieseke, J. (2007). Relationships between leader and follower organizational identification and implications for follower attitudes and behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80(1), 133150.Google Scholar
van Dick, R., Lemoine, J. E., Steffens, N. K., Kerschreiter, R., Akfirat, S. A., Avanzi, L., et al. (2018). Identity leadership going global: Validation of the Identity Leadership Inventory across 20 countries. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 91(4), 697728.Google Scholar
van Dick, R., Ullrich, J., & Tissington, P. A. (2006). Working under a black cloud: How to sustain organizational identification after a merger. British Journal of Management, 17(S1), S69S79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., & Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 3662.Google Scholar
Drzensky, F., & van Dick, R. (2013). Organizational identification and organizational change. In Oreg, S., Michel, A., & By, R. T. (eds.), The psychology of organizational change: Viewing change from the employee’s perspective (pp. 275297). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Duck, J. M., & Fielding, K. S. (2003). Leaders and their treatment of subgroups: Implications for evaluations of the leader and the superordinate group. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33(3), 387401.Google Scholar
Dutton, J. E., Dukerich, J. M., & Harquail, C. V. (1994). Organizational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39(2), 239263.Google Scholar
Ekvall, G., & Arvonen, J. (1991). Change-centered leadership: An extension of the two-dimensional model. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 7(1), 1726.Google Scholar
Elstak, M. N., Bhatt, M., van Riel, C. B. M., Pratt, M. G., & Berens, G. A. J. M. (2015). Organizational identification during a merger: The role of self-enhancement and uncertainty reduction motives during a major organizational change. Journal of Management Studies, 52(1), 3262.Google Scholar
Faupel, S., & Süß, S. (2019). The effect of transformational leadership on employees during organizational change: An empirical analysis. Journal of Change Management, 19(3), 145166.Google Scholar
Fiedler, F. E. (1964). Contingency model of leadership effectiveness. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 1, 149190.Google Scholar
Fleishman, E. A. (1953). The description of supervisory behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 37(1), 16.Google Scholar
Fransen, K., Haslam, S. A., Steffens, N. K., Peters, K., Mallett, C. J., Mertens, N., & Boen, F. (2020). All for us and us for all: Introducing the 5R shared leadership program. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 51, 101762.Google Scholar
Giessner, S. R. (2011). Is the merger necessary? The interactive effect of perceived necessity and sense of continuity on post-merger identification. Human Relations, 64(8), 10791098.Google Scholar
Giessner, S. R., Dawson, J., Horton, K. E., & West, M. (2023). The impact of supportive leadership on employee outcomes during organizational mergers: An organizational-level field study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 108(4), 686–697.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giessner, S. R., Horton, K. E., & Humborstad, S. I. W. (2016). Identity management during organizational mergers: Empirical insights and practical advice. Social Issues and Policy Review, 10(1), 4781.Google Scholar
Giessner, S. R., van Knippenberg, D., van Ginkel, W., & Sleebos, E. (2013). Team-oriented leadership: The interactive effects of leader group prototypicality, accountability, and team identification. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(4), 658.Google Scholar
Giessner, S. R., Ullrich, J., & van Dick, R. (2011). Social identity and corporate mergers. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(6), 333345.Google Scholar
Gill, C. (2012). The role of leadership in successful international mergers and acquisitions: Why Renault–Nissan succeeded and DaimlerChrysler–Mitsubishi failed. Human Resource Management, 51(3), 433456.Google Scholar
Gilley, A., McMillan, H. S., & Gilley, J. W. (2009). Organizational change and characteristics of leadership effectiveness. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 16(1), 3847.Google Scholar
Gronn, P. (2002). Distributed leadership as a unit of analysis. Leadership Quarterly, 13(4), 423451.Google Scholar
Groves, K. S. (2005). Linking leader skills, follower attitudes, and contextual variables via an integrated model of charismatic leadership. Journal of Management, 31(2), 255277.Google Scholar
Hamilton, D. L., & Sherman, S. J. (1996). Perceiving persons and groups. Psychological Review, 103(2), 336355.Google Scholar
Haslam, C., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Cruwys, T., & Steffens, N. K. (2021). Life change, social identity, and health. Annual Review of Psychology, 72, 635661.Google Scholar
Haslam, S. A., & Platow, M. J. (2001). The link between leadership and followership: How affirming social identity translates vision into action. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(11), 14691479.Google Scholar
Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D., & Platow, M. J. (2011). The new psychology of leadership: Identity, influence and power. Oxon: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Heck, R. H., & Hallinger, P. (2010). Testing a longitudinal model of distributed leadership effects on school improvement. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(5), 867885.Google Scholar
Henricks, M. D., Young, M., & Kehoe, E. J. (2020). Attitudes toward change and transformational leadership: A longitudinal study. Journal of Change Management, 20(3), 202219.Google Scholar
Herold, D. M., Fedor, D. B., Caldwell, S., & Liu, Y. (2008). The effects of transformational and change leadership on employees’ commitment to a change: A multilevel study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(2), 346.Google Scholar
Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52(12), 12801300.Google Scholar
Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. B. (2005). What we know about leadership. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 169180.Google Scholar
Hogg, M. A. (2000). Subjective uncertainty reduction through self-categorization: A motivational theory of social identity processes. European Review of Social Psychology, 11(1), 223255.Google Scholar
Hogg, M. A. (2001). A social identity theory of leadership. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5(3), 184200.Google Scholar
Hogg, M. A. (2007). Uncertainty-identity theory. In Zanna, M. P. (ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 39 (pp. 69126). San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hogg, M. A., & Abrams, D. (1990). Social motivation, self-esteem and social identity. In Abrams, D. & Hogg, M. A. (eds.), Social identity theory: Constructive and critical advances (pp. 2847). New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.Google Scholar
Hogg, M. A., Sherman, D. K., Dierselhuis, J., Maitner, A. T., & Moffitt, G. (2007). Uncertainty, entitativity, and group identification. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(1), 135142.Google Scholar
Hogg, M. A., & Terry, D. J. (2000). The dynamic, diverse, and variable faces of organizational identity. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 150152.Google Scholar
Hollander, E. P. (1964). Leaders, groups, and influence. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hughes, M. (2016). Leading changes: Why transformation explanations fail. Leadership, 12(4), 449469.Google Scholar
Jetten, J., Duck, J., Terry, D. J., & O’Brien, A. (2002). Being attuned to intergroup differences in mergers: The role of aligned leaders for low-status groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(9), 11941201.Google Scholar
Jetten, J., Haslam, C., & Alexander, S. H. (eds.) (2012). The social cure: Identity, health and well-being. New York: Psychology Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jetten, J., Hogg, M. A., & Mullin, B. A. (2000). In-group variability and motivation to reduce subjective uncertainty. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 4(2), 184198.Google Scholar
Kanter, R. M., Stein, B. A., & Jick, T. D. (1992). The challenge of organizational change. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
van Knippenberg, D., & Hogg, M. A. (2003). A social identity model of leadership effectiveness in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 25, 243295.Google Scholar
van Knippenberg, B., & van Knippenberg, D. (2005). Leader self-sacrifice and leadership effectiveness: The moderating rle of leader prototypicality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(1), 2537.Google Scholar
van Knippenberg, D., van Knippenberg, B., & Bobbio, A. (2008). Leaders as agents of continuity: Self continuity and resistance to collective change. In Sani, F. (ed.), Self-continuity: Individual and collective perspectives (pp. 175186). New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
van Knippenberg, D., & van Leeuwen, E. (2001). Organizational identity after a merger: Sense of continuity as the key to post-merger identification. In Hogg, M. A. & Terry, D. J. (eds.), Social identity processes in organizational contexts (pp. 249264). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
van Knippenberg, D., & van Schie, E. C. (2000). Foci and correlates of organizational identification. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(2), 137147.Google Scholar
van Knippenberg, D., & Sitkin, S. B. (2013). A critical assessment of charismatic–transformational leadership research: Back to the drawing board? Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 160.Google Scholar
Kotter, J. P. (1996). Leading change. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press.Google Scholar
Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (1987). The leadership challenge: How to get extraordinary things done in organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Kroon, D. P., & Noorderhaven, N. G. (2018). The role of occupational identification during post-merger integration. Group & Organization Management, 43(2), 207244.Google Scholar
Kroon, D. P., & Reif, H. (2023). The role of emotions in middle managers’ sensemaking and sensegiving practices during post-merger integration. Group & Organization Management, 48(3), 790–832Google Scholar
Levay, C. (2010). Charismatic leadership in resistance to change. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(1), 127143.Google Scholar
Lewin, K. (1947). Group decision and social change. In: Newcomb, T. M. & Hartley, E. L. (eds.), Readings in social psychology (pp. 330344), New York: Henry Holt.Google Scholar
Liang, S., Lupina-Wegener, A., Ullrich, J., & van Dick, R. (2022). “Change is our continuity”: Chinese managers’ construction of post-merger identification after an acquisition in Europe. Journal of Change Management, 22(1), 5978.Google Scholar
Lundmark, R., Hasson, H., von Thiele Schwarz, U., Hasson, D., & Tafvelin, S. (2017). Leading for change: Line managers’ influence on the outcomes of an occupational health intervention. Work & Stress, 31(3), 276296.Google Scholar
Lupina-Wegener, A. A., Liang, S., van Dick, R., & Ullrich, J. (2020). Multiple organizational identities and change in ambivalence: The case of a Chinese acquisition in Europe. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 33(7), 12531275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyons, J. B., Swindler, S. D., & Offner, A. (2009). The impact of leadership on change readiness in the US military. Journal of Change Management, 9(4), 459475.Google Scholar
Metwally, D., Ruiz-Palomino, P., Metwally, M., & Gartzia, L. (2019). How ethical leadership shapes employees’ readiness to change: the mediating role of an organizational culture of effectiveness. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2493.Google Scholar
Mühlemann, N., Steffens, N. K., Ullrich, J., Haslam, S. A., & Jonas, K. (2022). Understanding responses to an organizational takeover: Introducing the social identity model of organizational change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 123(5), 10041023.Google Scholar
Mulder, F., Giessner, S. R., & Caldas, M. (2020). Leadership: Why many heads are better than one. RSM Discovery – Management Knowledge, 38, 1618.Google Scholar
Neves, P., Almeida, P., & Velez, M. J. (2018). Reducing intentions to resist future change: Combined effects of commitment‐based HR practices and ethical leadership. Human Resource Management, 57(1), 249261.Google Scholar
Oreg, S., & Berson, Y. (2011). Leadership and employees’ reactions to change: The role of leaders’ personal attributes and transformational leadership style. Personnel Psychology, 64(3), 627659.Google Scholar
Oreg, S., & Berson, Y. (2019). Leaders’ impact on organizational change: Bridging theoretical and methodological chasms. Academy of Management Annals, 13(1), 272307.Google Scholar
Oreg, S., Vakola, M., & Armenakis, A. (2011). Change recipients’ reactions to organizational change: A 60-year review of quantitative studies. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 47(4), 461524.Google Scholar
Paulsen, N., Callan, V. J., Ayoko, O., & Saunders, D. (2013). Transformational leadership and innovation in an R&D organization experiencing major change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 26(3), 595610.Google Scholar
Pearce, C. L., & Conger, J. A. (2003). Shared leadership: Reframing the hows and whys of leadership. London: Sage publications.Google Scholar
Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., & Häfner, M. (2015). When fit matters more: The effect of regulatory fit on adaptation to change. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24(1), 126142.Google Scholar
Rast, D. E. III, Hogg, M. A., & Giessner, S. R. (2016). Who trusts charismatic leaders who champion change? The role of group identification, membership centrality, and self-uncertainty. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 20(4), 259.Google Scholar
Reicher, S. D., & Hopkins, N. (1996a). Seeking influence through characterizing self-categories: An analysis of anti-abortionist rhetoric. British Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 297311.Google Scholar
Reicher, S. D., & Hopkins, N. (1996b). Self-category constructions in political rhetoric: An analysis of Thatcher’s and Kinnock’s speeches concerning the British miners’ strike (1984–5). European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 353371.Google Scholar
Reicher, S., & Hopkins, N. (2001). Self and nation. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Riketta, M. (2005). Organizational identification: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(2), 358384.Google Scholar
Riketta, M., & van Dick, R. (2005). Foci of attachment in organizations: A meta-analytic comparison of the strength and correlates of workgroup versus organizational identification and commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(3), 490510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosa, M., Giessner, S., Guerra, R., Waldzus, S., Kersting, A. M., Veličković, K., & Collins, E. C. (2020). They (don’t) need us: Functional indispensability impacts perceptions of representativeness and commitment when lower-status groups go through an intergroup merger. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2772.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seyranian, V. (2014). Social identity framing communication strategies for mobilizing social change. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 468486.Google Scholar
Seyranian, V., & Bligh, M. C. (2008). Presidential charismatic leadership: Exploring the rhetoric of social change. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(1), 5476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shamir, B. (1999). Leadership in boundaryless organizations: Disposable or indispensable? European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 4971.Google Scholar
Shamir, B., House, R. J., & Arthur, M. B. (1993). The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept based theory. Organization Science, 4(4), 577594.Google Scholar
Shin, J., Taylor, M. S., & Seo, M.-G. (2012). Resources for change: The relationships of organizational inducements and psychological resilience to employees’ attitudes and behaviors towards organizational change. Academy of Management Journal, 55(3), 727748.Google Scholar
Sitkin, S. B., & Pablo, A. L. (2005). The neglected importance of leadership in mergers and acquisitions. In Stahl, G. K. & Mendenhall, M. E. (eds.), Mergers and acquisitions: Managing culture and human resources (pp. 208223). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slater, M. J., Evans, A. L., & Turner, M. J. (2016). Implementing a social identity approach for effective change management. Journal of Change Management, 16(1), 1837.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stam, D., Lord, R. G., Knippenberg, D. V., & Wisse, B. (2014). An image of who we might become: Vision communication, possible selves, and vision pursuit. Organization Science, 25(4), 11721194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steffens, N. K., Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D., Platow, M. J., Fransen, K., Yang, J., et al. (2014). Leadership as social identity management: Introducing the Identity Leadership Inventory (ILI) to assess and validate a four-dimensional model. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(5), 10011024.Google Scholar
Steigenberger, N. (2017). The challenge of integration: A review of the M&A integration literature. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(4), 408431.Google Scholar
Stouten, J., Rousseau, D. M., & De Cremer, D. (2018). Successful organizational change: Integrating the management practice and scholarly literatures. Academy of Management Annals, 12(2), 752788.Google Scholar
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behaviour. In Worchel, S. & Austin, W. G. (eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 724). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.Google Scholar
Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Uhl-Bien, M., & Marion, R. (2009). Complexity leadership in bureaucratic forms of organizing: A meso model. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(4), 631650.Google Scholar
Ullrich, J., Wieseke, J., & van Dick, R. (2005). Continuity and change in mergers and acquisitions: A social identity case study of a German industrial merger. Journal of Management Studies, 42(8), 15491569.Google Scholar
Venus, M., Stam, D., & van Knippenberg, D. (2019). Visions of change as visions of continuity. Academy of Management Journal, 62(3), 667690.Google Scholar
Waldman, D. A., & Javidan, M. (2009). Alternative forms of charismatic leadership in the integration of mergers and acquisitions. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(2), 130142.Google Scholar
Yukl, G. (2008). How leaders influence organizational effectiveness. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(6), 708722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yukl, G. (2010). Leadership in organizations (7th ed.). New York: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×