Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T12:28:27.119Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 13 - After the Party Is Over

from Part II - By the People

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2022

Ashley Weinberg
Affiliation:
University of Salford
Get access

Summary

The chapter briefly reviews the limited literature from the UK and wider afield on the loss of political office. It considers the key themes that emerge from the literature from a psychological and a sociological perspective, including the author's empirical research with former elected politicians, their partners and current politicians. In this research, there was not a simple division between those who had stepped down voluntarily and those who had been defeated. Most former politicians, whether they had chosen to go or not, had grieved their loss of political office, acknowledging that the emotional impact had been more complex than anticipated. The key task for individuals was to find a new narrative about who they were and what they did; how to structure the vast amount of time that had suddenly opened up; and to come to terms with no longer mattering to others in the same way. The chapter goes on to explore the impact of losing political office for partners, families, employers and wider civic society. The chapter concludes on a cautionary note about the implications of not addressing how problematic political exit can be, for representative democracy and for us all as citizens.

Type
Chapter
Information
Psychology of Democracy
Of the People, By the People, For the People
, pp. 286 - 304
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, P. and Cutts, D. (2018). An analysis of political ambition in Britain. The Political Quarterly, 89(1), 7381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aristotle. (1992). The Politics. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Balls, E. (2016). Speaking out: Lessons in life and politics. London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar
Baturo, A. (2017). Democracy, development, and career trajectories of former political leaders. Comparative Political Studies, 50(8), 10231054.Google Scholar
Baturo, A. (2014). Democracy, dictatorship and term limits. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Beehr, T. A. (1986). The process of retirement: A review and recommendations for future investigation. Personnel Psychology, 39, 3155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burt, A. (2019). The One with Alastair Burt. Political Thinking with Nick Robinson. Podcast, 5 September 2019.Google Scholar
Bush, S. (2019). Tory MPs may despise Boris Johnson but he is the man they think can win an election. New Statesman, 5 June 2019.Google Scholar
Bynander, F. and ‘t Hart, P. (2008). The art of handing over: (Mis)Managing party leadership successions. Government and Opposition, 43(3), 385404.Google Scholar
Byrne, C. and Theakston, K. (2016). Leaving the House: The experience of former Members of Parliament who left the House of Commons in 2010. Parliamentary Affairs, 69(3), 686707.Google Scholar
Caress, S. M. and Kunioka, T. T. (2012). Term limits and their consequences. Albany: State University of New York.Google Scholar
Cecić Erpič, S., Wylleman, P. and Zupancǐc, M. (2004). The effect of athletic and non-athletic factors on the sports career termination process. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5, 4559.Google Scholar
Clinton, H. R. (2017). What happened. London: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
de Waal, F. (2006). Our inner ape. London: Granta Publications.Google Scholar
Doherty, D. C. (2001). To run or not to run? Canadian Parliamentary Review, 24, 1623.Google Scholar
Dowding, K. and Kang, W.-T. (1998). Ministerial resignations 1945–97. Public Administration, 76, 411429.Google Scholar
Dowding, K. and McLeay, E. (2011). The firing line: When and why do Prime Ministers fire ministerial colleagues? In Hart, P.’t and Uhr, J. (Eds.) How power changes hands: Transition and succession in government, pp. 157173. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebaugh, H. R. F. (1988). Becoming an ex. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Ennser-Jedenastik, L. and Muller, W. C. (2013). Intra-party democracy, political performance, and the survival of party leaders: Austria, 1945–2011. Party Politics, 21(6), 930943.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, G. and Tilley, J. (2017). The new politics of class. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1917). Mourning and melancholia In Strachey, J. (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, pp. 243258. Vol. XlV. London: The Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Gabriel, Y., Gray, D. E. and Goregaokar, H. (2013). Job loss and its aftermath among managers and professionals: Wounded, fragmented and flexible, Work, Employment and Society, 27(1), 5672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardman, I. (2018). Why we get the wrong politicians. London: Atlantic Books.Google Scholar
Hartley, J. (1987). Managerial unemployment: The wife’s perspective and role. In Fineman, S. (Ed.), Unemployment personal and social consequences, pp. 118137. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Hay, C. (2007). Why we hate politics. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Healey, D. (1989). The time of my life. London: Penguin Group.Google Scholar
Heath, O. (2019). A growing class divide: MPs and voters. In (Eds.) Cowley, P. and Ford, R., Sex, lies and politics, chapter 27. London: Biteback.Google Scholar
Ignatieff, M. (2013). Fire and ashes. Success and failure in politics. Canada: Random House Canada.Google Scholar
Jahoda, M. (1982). Employment and unemployment: A socio-psychological analysis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jameson, H. (2019). New Man in the chair. The Municipal Journal. 4 July 2019.Google Scholar
Jefferson, T. (1807). Letter to the Legislature of Vermont. 10 December 1807. Available at: http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/letter-to-the-legislature-of-vermont/.Google Scholar
Jennings, W., Stoker, G. and Twyman, J. (2016). The dimensions and impact of political discontent in Britain. Parliamentary Affairs, 69, 876900.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Just, P. D. (2004). United Kingdom: Life after number 10 – premiers emeritus and parliament. The Journal of Legislative Studies, 10(2-3), 6678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karol, D. (2012). Forcing their hands? Explaining trends in retirement announcement timing in the U.S. Congress. Paper prepared for presentation at the 2012 Annual Conference on Congress and History, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.Google Scholar
Keane, J. (2009). Life after political death. In Kane, J., Patapan, H. and t’Hart, P. (Eds.), Dispersed democratic leadership, pp. 279298. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kerby, J. and Blidook, K. (2011). It’s not you, it’s me: Determinants of voluntary legislative turnover in Canada. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 36, 621643.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kets de Vries, M. F. R. (2003). The Retirement Syndrome: The psychology of letting go. European Management Journal, 21(6), 707716.Google Scholar
King, A. (2015). Who governs Britain? London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Kitson, R. (2019). Rugby given warning over rising mental health issues. The Guardian, 21 August.Google Scholar
Kwiatkowski, R. (2015). Our House. The House, 37 (1513), 27 March.Google Scholar
Lally, P. (2007). Identity and athletic retirement: A prospective study, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 8599.Google Scholar
Levitsky, S. and Ziblatt, D. (2018). How democracies die: What history reveals about our future. London: Random House.Google Scholar
Machiavelli, N. (1532/2009). The Prince. London: Vintage.Google Scholar
Mair, P. (2013). Ruling the void: The hollowing of Western democracy. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Manhire, T. (2016). Bloody hell, John Key just quit as prime minister. This is not how things happen! Available at: http://thespinoff.co.nz/politics/05-12-2016/bloody-hell-john-key-just-quit-as-prime-minister-this-is-not-how-things-happen/.Google Scholar
Marris, P. (1993). Loss and change, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Menke, D. J. and Germany, M.-L. (2018). Reconstructing athletic identity: College athletes and sport retirement. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 24(1), 1730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray Parkes, C. (1971). Psycho-social transitions: A field for study. Social Science and Medicine, 5, 101115.Google Scholar
O’Neill, B., Pruysers, S. and Stewart, D. K. (2019). Glass cliffs or partisan pressure? Examining gender and party leader tenures and exits. Political Studies, 1–21, doi:10.1177/0032321719880316CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Opik, L. (2015). Losing badly takes a heavy personal toll on MPs – I should know. The Guardian, 9 May.Google Scholar
Owen, D. (2006). Hubris and nemesis in heads of government. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 99, 548551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paikin, S. (2003). The dark side. Toronto: Viking.Google Scholar
Paxman, J. (2002). The political animal. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Petracca, M. (1992). Rotation in office: The history of an idea. In Benjamin, G. and Malbin, M. J. (Eds.) Limiting legislative terms, pp. 1951. Congressional Quarterly Inc.Google Scholar
Pidd, H. (2017). The people’s Champion. The Guardian 10 February.Google Scholar
Pow, J. T. (2018). Amateurs versus professionals: Explaining the political (in)experience of Canadian Members of Parliament. Parliamentary Affairs, 71, 633655.Google Scholar
Raymond, C. D. and Overby, M. (2019). Calling it quits: Legislative retirements in comparative perspective. Political Studies. doi: 10.1177/0032321719865111Google Scholar
Riddell, P. (2019). 15 minutes of power: The uncertain life of British Ministers. London: Profile Books.Google Scholar
Riddell, P. (1996). Honest opportunism: How we get the politicians we deserve. London: Indigo.Google Scholar
Richards, S. (2019). The Prime Ministers: Reflections on leadership from Wilson to May. London: Atlantic Books.Google Scholar
Roberts, J. (2017). Losing political office. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Roberts, J. E. (2019). The underappreciated loss of political office. Journal of Loss and Trauma. doi: 10.108015325024.20191617995Google Scholar
Runciman, D. (2019). Where power stops: The making and unmaking of Presidents and Prime Ministers. London: Profile Books.Google Scholar
Ruscio, K. P. (2004). The leadership dilemma in modern democracy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Shaffir, W. and Kleinknecht, S. (2005). Death at the polls. Experiencing and coping with political defeat. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 34(6), 707738.Google Scholar
Stoker, G. (2006). Why politics matters. Making democracy work. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Taylor, J. and Ogilvie, B. C. (1994). A Conceptual Model of adaptation to retirement among athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 6, 120.Google Scholar
Theakston, K. (2010). After Number 10. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Theakston, K., and de Vries, J. (2012). Former leaders in modern democracies. Political sunsets. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Theakston, K., Gouge, E. and Honeyman, V. (2007). Life after losing or leaving. The experience of former members of Parliament. A report for the Association of Former Members of Parliament. Leeds: University of Leeds.Google Scholar
Walter, J. (2016). Biographical analysis. In Rhodes, R. A. W. and ‘t Hart, P. (Eds.), The Oxford textbook of political leadership. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wang, M. (2013). Retirement: An introduction and overview of the handbook. In Wang, M. (Ed.), The Oxford textbook of retirement. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Weinberg, A. (2012). Should the job of national politicians carry a government health warning? The impact of psychological strain on politicians. In Weinberg, A. (Ed.), The psychology of politicians. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, L. M. (2011). The Queen’s Park after-party: Post-cabinet life in the legislature. Paper prepared for the Canadian Political Science Association Conference, Waterloo, Ontario.Google Scholar
Willumsen, D. M. and Goetz, K. H. (2017). Set free? Impending retirement and legislative behaviour in the UK. Parliamentary Affairs, 70, 254279.Google Scholar
Wren, T. (2007). Inventing leadership: The challenge of democracy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×