In Chapter 5, three case studies are examined in order to assess the possibility of addressing them through ICC proceedings: first, harm to the environment caused by or during armed conflict, with a particular focus on the environmental destruction in the Middle East wrought by Saddam Hussein’s forces and, later, by ISIS/Da’esh; second, environmental harm caused by the improper transport, storage or disposal of hazardous waste (otherwise known as toxic dumping); and, third, the exploitation of wildlife.