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Biogeographical diversity of archaeal viruses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2010

Kenneth M. Stedman
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
Adam Clore
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
Yannick Combet-Blanc
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Microbiologie IRD, Université de Provence, CESB/ESIL case 925, 163 avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
N. A. Logan
Affiliation:
Glasgow Caledonian University
H. M. Lappin-Scott
Affiliation:
University of Exeter
P. C. F Oyston
Affiliation:
Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Biogeography, or the spatial distribution of biological diversity, has been studied since Darwin and Wallace in the 1800s. Their studies, and most later studies, concentrated on macroscopic organisms, mostly animals and plants, and many differences between species were observed, often correlated with geographical isolation. The theoretical basis for these differences was established later and is still being refined. The theories of island biogeography have been extremely influential in many fields of biology (Bell et al., 2005). Critical to biogeographical studies are comparable organisms from different locations with quantifiable diversity, often sequence diversity.

Microbial biogeography

More recently, micro-organisms have been studied (Finlay, 2002), especially with the advent of molecular tools. Studies using enrichment cultures indicated that identical micro-organisms were present wherever they were collected (Smith et al., 1991); however, this is clearly biased due to the relatively small number of micro-organisms that can be cultivated (Pace, 1997). The advent of small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that ‘everything is everywhere’, particularly for spore-forming bacteria (Roberts & Cohan, 1995). It was unclear whether this indicated that there was so much dispersal of these spore-forming organisms that they were identical throughout the world or whether it was general for bacteria due to their extremely large population sizes. For the most part, however, only one gene, generally the SSU rRNA gene, was investigated. Extremophiles are thought to have more barriers to dispersal than mesophilic organisms.

Type
Chapter
Information
Prokaryotic Diversity
Mechanisms and Significance
, pp. 131 - 144
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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  • Biogeographical diversity of archaeal viruses
    • By Kenneth M. Stedman, Department of Biology, Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA, Adam Clore, Department of Biology, Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA, Yannick Combet-Blanc, Laboratoire de Microbiologie IRD, Université de Provence, CESB/ESIL case 925, 163 avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
  • Edited by N. A. Logan, Glasgow Caledonian University, H. M. Lappin-Scott, University of Exeter, P. C. F Oyston, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down
  • Book: Prokaryotic Diversity
  • Online publication: 06 July 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511754913.009
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  • Biogeographical diversity of archaeal viruses
    • By Kenneth M. Stedman, Department of Biology, Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA, Adam Clore, Department of Biology, Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA, Yannick Combet-Blanc, Laboratoire de Microbiologie IRD, Université de Provence, CESB/ESIL case 925, 163 avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
  • Edited by N. A. Logan, Glasgow Caledonian University, H. M. Lappin-Scott, University of Exeter, P. C. F Oyston, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down
  • Book: Prokaryotic Diversity
  • Online publication: 06 July 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511754913.009
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Biogeographical diversity of archaeal viruses
    • By Kenneth M. Stedman, Department of Biology, Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA, Adam Clore, Department of Biology, Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA, Yannick Combet-Blanc, Laboratoire de Microbiologie IRD, Université de Provence, CESB/ESIL case 925, 163 avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
  • Edited by N. A. Logan, Glasgow Caledonian University, H. M. Lappin-Scott, University of Exeter, P. C. F Oyston, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down
  • Book: Prokaryotic Diversity
  • Online publication: 06 July 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511754913.009
Available formats
×