This chapter addresses the question of whether professionalism can be effectively taught, by examining what it means to teach professionalism, proposed strategies to teach it, evidence of effectiveness of interventions aimed at teaching or improving professionalism and evidence of ability to identify or predict unprofessional behaviour. In one of the primary texts on professionalism education, Hafferty notes that professionalism lies in an interface between possession of specialized knowledge, and using that knowledge for the betterment of others'. Learning the professionalism of Hafferty and Smith occurs in the culture of medical school and residency, where examples, narratives and role modelling occur. To improve this learning would require changes in the culture of medical schools. In addition to the efforts to teach professionalism to all students, many schools have programmes specifically to identify, presumably for the purpose of remediation, and students with unprofessional behaviours.