Reminder to the reader

Each of the Readings contains no grammar explanation. Although students with knowledge of basic Japanese grammar should not face serious difficulty, occasionally, some additional explication may be required. Refer to Seiichi Makino and Michio Tsutsui (1986, 1995) and Maynard (1990) for additional grammatical information.

Discourse notes should be clearly understood by those readers who have studied Parts I and II. Depending on your proficiency level, tasks and activities suggested for each reading may require revision, assistance, and guidance. Use as much Japanese as possible when performing these tasks and activities. If you are using this book as a part of a language course, share the results of tasks and activities with other students, thereby increasing the opportunities to interact in Japanese.