Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contact information for authors
- Biography for Jacobus Donders and Scott J. Hunter
- Introduction
- Section I Theory and models
- Section II Disorders
- 5a Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents
- 5b Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults
- 5c Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a lifespan synthesis
- 6a Learning disorders in children and adolescents
- 6b Learning disorders in adults
- 6c Synthesis of chapters on learning disabilities: overview and additional perspectives
- 7a Infants and children with spina bifida
- 7b Adolescence and emerging adulthood in individuals with spina bifida: a developmental neuropsychological perspective
- 7c Spina bifida/myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus across the lifespan: a developmental synthesis
- 8 Cerebral palsy across the lifespan
- 9a Intellectual disability across the lifespan
- 9b Lifespan aspects of PDD/autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
- 9c Autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability: common themes and points of divergence
- 10a Hearing loss across the lifespan: neuropsychological perspectives
- 10b Visual impairment across the lifespan: neuropsychological perspectives
- 11a Traumatic brain injury in childhood
- 11b Adult outcomes of pediatric traumatic brain injury
- 11c Neurobehavioral aspects of traumatic brain injury sustained in adulthood
- 11d Traumatic brain injury in older adults
- 11e Traumatic brain injury across the lifespan: a long-term developmental perspective
- 12a Pediatric aspects of epilepsy
- 12b A lifespan perspective of cognition in epilepsy
- 13a Leukemia and lymphoma across the lifespan
- 13b Lifespan aspects of brain tumors
- 14 Lifespan aspects of endocrine disorders
- 15 Metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders across the lifespan
- 16a Psychopathological conditions in children and adolescents
- 16b Psychopathological conditions in adults
- 16c Neuropsychological aspects of psychopathology across the lifespan: a synthesis
- Index
- Plate section
- References
6a - Learning disorders in children and adolescents
from Section II - Disorders
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 May 2010
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contact information for authors
- Biography for Jacobus Donders and Scott J. Hunter
- Introduction
- Section I Theory and models
- Section II Disorders
- 5a Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents
- 5b Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults
- 5c Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a lifespan synthesis
- 6a Learning disorders in children and adolescents
- 6b Learning disorders in adults
- 6c Synthesis of chapters on learning disabilities: overview and additional perspectives
- 7a Infants and children with spina bifida
- 7b Adolescence and emerging adulthood in individuals with spina bifida: a developmental neuropsychological perspective
- 7c Spina bifida/myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus across the lifespan: a developmental synthesis
- 8 Cerebral palsy across the lifespan
- 9a Intellectual disability across the lifespan
- 9b Lifespan aspects of PDD/autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
- 9c Autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability: common themes and points of divergence
- 10a Hearing loss across the lifespan: neuropsychological perspectives
- 10b Visual impairment across the lifespan: neuropsychological perspectives
- 11a Traumatic brain injury in childhood
- 11b Adult outcomes of pediatric traumatic brain injury
- 11c Neurobehavioral aspects of traumatic brain injury sustained in adulthood
- 11d Traumatic brain injury in older adults
- 11e Traumatic brain injury across the lifespan: a long-term developmental perspective
- 12a Pediatric aspects of epilepsy
- 12b A lifespan perspective of cognition in epilepsy
- 13a Leukemia and lymphoma across the lifespan
- 13b Lifespan aspects of brain tumors
- 14 Lifespan aspects of endocrine disorders
- 15 Metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders across the lifespan
- 16a Psychopathological conditions in children and adolescents
- 16b Psychopathological conditions in adults
- 16c Neuropsychological aspects of psychopathology across the lifespan: a synthesis
- Index
- Plate section
- References
Summary
Introduction
Academic concerns and problems are quite common in children and adolescents. While it has been estimated that approximately 20% of the general population in the USA experience difficulties with some form of academic performance [1], current prevalence rates suggest that approximately 6% of the general population meet the necessary diagnostic criteria for a specific learning disorder [2]. There is significant discussion both in the literature and among clinicians and researchers regarding how to appropriately classify and subsequently diagnose a specific learning disorder (LD). Traditionally, it was assumed that a specific learning disorder exists when there is a significant discrepancy between a child's cognitive ability and achievement in reading, mathematics, or written expression. However, within the USA, changes have occurred over the past decade regarding the criteria used for determining a specific learning disorder. These changes have taken place mainly in response to the demonstrated limitations of the ability–achievement model of LD [3]. Currently, categorization of a child's LD is based on a multi-tiered process involving, ideally, early identification and intervention, and review of response to intervention (RTI).
Three primary specific learning disorders are classified in the DSM-IV-TR: Reading Disorder, Mathematics Disorder, and Disorder of Written Expression. A fourth, Learning Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified (LD-NOS), serves as a grouping for patterns of learning difficulty that are not academic subject specific (i.e. nonverbal learning disorder is characterized as LD-NOS).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010
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