We commence our discussion here on the “tools” for PEM, through to chapter 8. It is not a coincidence that the very first tool described in the “tools” segment of the book happens to be “auditing”. A variety of tools including the EIA, LCA, EMS, and inventorization are customarily used within industry and by the community to enable appropriate pro-environment choices while manufacturing, consuming, and disposing industrial products. In almost all such programmes, during the phase of investigation, the tool of “auditing” is initially employed in conjunction with the other tools (some or all – as the case may be).

As discussed in earlier chapters, the Indian policy and legislative framework has a basis of systems understanding and an integrated approach has been recommended in production, consumption, and management of environment. This integrated* approach stems from the directive principles and fundamental duties articulated in the Constitution of India, which expects the executive and citizens to endeavor to protect and improve the natural environment. Clearly, how could one ascertain protection and improvement unless one takes stock of existing practice of production, consumption, and management of resources? In other words, “auditing” environmental practices within industry or community becomes the first step towards sustainable management. It is realized lately that the auditing activity also makes sense from a cost-benefit point of view.