Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 March 2011
What was lost in the promulgation of human rights theory in the 1990s was the connection between rights and subjects who can exercise those rights.
Chandler 2002: 114Now, we have to exercise our rights ourselves. We don't need anyone's permission, especially that of politicians … Forming our own autonomous municipalities, that's what we are doing in practice and we don't ask anyone's permission.
Comandanta Esther August 2003FROM GUNS TO SHELLS
Introduction
On an August day in 2003, I huddled beneath a plastic tarp through a typical afternoon downpour in the highlands community of Oventic, Chiapas. While the weather was not unusual, the day itself was far from typical: I stood, accompanied by several thousand others – indigenous people from throughout the state and activists from throughout the country and the world – listening to the speeches of Zapatista leaders. They spoke of the birth of the five “caracoles” (literally, shells, but indicating meeting points) and the formation of the five Juntas de Buen Gobierno (“Good Governance Councils,” herein referred to as Juntas) to be seated in them. It was a major turning point for Zapatismo, signaling a transition from military to civilian governance and the formal end to their petition for state recognition of their collective right to autonomy. In the words of Rosalinda, “The government didn't pay attention to us. Que se queden con sus pendejadas. We know how to make our municipalities work.
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