A distinction between left and right policies is proposed, based on the opposition between the aim of a reduction of power inequalities in society and their acceptance as unavoidable if not useful. The objective of absolute equality is criticized. The complex nature of the notion of equality is illustrated recalling Sens notion of capabilities. Progress, interpreted as a reduction in power inequalities within society, is possible, but not a necessary historical outcome. It requires active policies, organized in a strategy of structural reform.