Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T05:08:09.888Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

11 - An Open Science Workflow for More Credible, Rigorous Research

from Part III - Your Research/Academic Career

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2022

Mitchell J. Prinstein
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Get access

Summary

Part of what distinguishes science from other ways of knowing is that scientists show their work. Yet when probed, it turns out that much of the process of research is hidden away: in personal files, in undocumented conversations, in point-and-click menus, and so on. In recent years, a movement toward more open science has arisen in psychology. Open science practices capture a broad swath of activities designed to take parts of the research process that were previously known only to a research team and make them more broadly accessible (e.g., open data, open analysis code, pre-registration, open research materials). Such practices increase the value of research by increasing transparency, which may in turn facilitate higher research quality. Plus, open science practices are now required at many journals. This chapter will introduce open science practices and provide plentiful resources for researchers seeking to integrate these practices into their workflow.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Portable Mentor
Expert Guide to a Successful Career in Psychology
, pp. 197 - 216
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Recommended Reading

Briney, K. (2015). Data management for researchers: Organize, maintain and share your data for research success. Exeter: Pelagic Publishing Ltd.Google Scholar
Christensen, G., Freese, J., & Miguel, E. (2019). Transparent and reproducible social science research: How to do open science. Oakland, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Christensen, G., Wang, Z., Paluck, E. L., Swanson, N., Birke, D. J., Miguel, E., & Littman, R. (2019, October 18). Open science practices are on the rise: The State of Social Science (3S) survey. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/5rksuGoogle Scholar
Gernsbacher, M. A. (2018). Writing empirical articles: Transparency, reproducibility, clarity, and memorability. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(3), 403414.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kathawalla, U. K., Silverstein, P., & Syed, M. (2021). Easing into open science: A guide for graduate students and their advisors. Collabra: Psychology, 7(1), 18684.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Aczel, B., Szaszi, B., Sarafoglou, A., Kekecs, Z., Kucharský, Š., Benjamin, D., Chambers, C. D., Fisher, A., Gelman, A., Gernsbacher, M. A., Ioannidis, J., Johnson, E., Jonas, K., Kousta, S., Lilienfeld, S. O., Lindsay, S., Morey, C. C., Munafò, M., Newell, B. R., … & Wagenmakers, E. J. (2020). A consensus-based transparency checklist. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0772-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allen, C., & Mehler, D. M. (2019). Open science challenges, benefits and tips in early career and beyond. PLoS Biology, 17(5), e3000246. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000246Google Scholar
Arslan, R. C. (2019). How to automatically document data with the codebook package to facilitate data reuse. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 2, 169187. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245919838783CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aust, F., & Barth, M. (2020, July 7). papaja: Create APA manuscripts with R Markdown. https://github.com/crsh/papajaGoogle Scholar
Bakan, D. (1966). The test of significance in psychological research. Psychological Bulletin, 66(6), 423437. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0020412Google Scholar
Benning, S. D., Bachrach, R. L., Smith, E. A., Freeman, A. J., & Wright, A. G. C. (2019). The registration continuum in clinical science: A guide toward transparent practices. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 128(6), 528540. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000451CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bishop, D. V. (2020). The psychology of experimental psychologists: Overcoming cognitive constraints to improve research: The 47th Sir Frederic Bartlett Lecture. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 73(1), 119. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747021819886519CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bosnjak, M., Fiebach, C., Mellor, D. T., Mueller, S., O’Connor, D. B., Oswald, F. L., & Sokol-Chang, R. (2021, February 22). A template for preregistration of quantitative research in psychology: Report of the Joint Psychological Societies Preregistration Task Force. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/d7m5rCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, J. C., Lang, A. S., Koch, S., & Neylon, C. (2011). Collaboration using open notebook science in academia. In Elkins, S., Lang, A. S., Koch, S., & Neylon, C. (Eds.), Collaborative computational technologies for biomedical research (pp. 423452). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118026038.ch25CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandt, M. J., IJzerman, H., Dijksterhuis, A., Farach, F. J., Geller, J., Giner-Sorolla, R., Grange, J. A., Perugini, M., Spies, J. R., & van ’t Veer, A. (2014). The replication recipe: What makes for a convincing replication? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 50, 217224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2013.10.005Google Scholar
Briney, K. (2015). Data management for researchers: Organize, maintain and share your data for research success. Exeter: Pelagic Publishing Ltd.Google Scholar
Buchanan, E. M., Crain, S. E., Cunningham, A. L., Johnson, H. R., Stash, H., Papadatou-Pastou, M., Isager, P. M., Carlsson, R., & Aczel, B. (2021). Getting started creating data dictionaries: How to create a shareable data set. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 4(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920928007Google Scholar
Button, K., Ioannidis, J., Mokrysz, C., Nosek, B. A., Flint, J., Robinson, E. S. J., & Munafò, M. R. (2013). Power failure: Why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14, 365376. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3475CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chambers, C. D. (2013). Registered Reports: A new publishing initiative at Cortex. Cortex, 49(3), 609610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2012.12.016CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christensen, G., Freese, J., & Miguel, E. (2019). Transparent and reproducible social science research: How to do open science. Oakland, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, J. (1994). The earth is round (p<. 05). American Psychologist, 49(12), 9971003. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.49.12.997CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corker, K. S. (2016, January 15). PMG Lab – Project template. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/SJTYRCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crüwell, S., & Evans, N. J. (2020, September 19). Preregistration in complex contexts: A preregistration template for the application of cognitive models. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2hykxCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Da Silva Frost, A., & Ledgerwood, A. (2020). Calibrate your confidence in research findings: A tutorial on improving research methods and practices. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 14, E14. https://doi.org/10.1017/prp.2020.7Google Scholar
Devezer, B., Navarro, D. J., Vandekerckhove, J., & Buzbas, E. O. (2021). The case for formal methodology in scientific reform. Royal Society Open Science, 8, 200805. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.26.048306Google Scholar
Dirnagl, U. (2019). Preregistration of exploratory research: Learning from the golden age of discovery. PLoS Biology, 18(3), e3000690. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000690CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Errington, T. M. (2019, September 5). Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology – Barriers to replicability in the process of research. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/KPR7UCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gernsbacher, M. A. (2018). Writing empirical articles: Transparency, reproducibility, clarity, and memorability. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(3), 403414. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918754485Google Scholar
Goldacre, B., Drysdale, H., Dale, A., Milosevic, I., Slade, E., Hartley, P., Marston, C., Powell-Smith, A., Heneghan, C., & Mahtani, K. R. (2019). COMPare: a prospective cohort study correcting and monitoring 58 misreported trials in real time. Trials, 20(1), 116. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-3173-2Google Scholar
Flannery, J. E. (2020, October 22). fMRI Preregistration Template. https://osf.io/6juftGoogle Scholar
Flourney, J. C., Vijayakumar, N., Cheng, T. W., Cosme, D., Flannery, J. E., & Pfeifer, J. H. (2020). Improving practices and inferences in developmental cognitive neuroscience. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 45, 100807 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100807Google Scholar
Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., Alberts, H., Anggono, C. O., Batailler, C., Birt, A. R., Brand, R., Brandt, M. J., Brewer, G., Bruyneel, S., Calvillo, D. P., Campbell, W. K., Cannon, P. R., Carlucci, M., Carruth, N. P., Cheung, T., Crowell, A., De Ridder, D. T. D., Dewitte, S., … Zwienenberg, M. (2016). A multilab preregistered replication of the ego-depletion effect. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(4), 546573. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616652873CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harris, C. R., Coburn, N., Rohrer, D., & Pashler, H. (2013). Two failures to replicate high-performance-goal priming effects. PLoS One, 8(8), e72467. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072467Google Scholar
Haven, T. L., & Van Grootel, L. (2019). Preregistering qualitative research. Accountability in Research, 26(3), 229244. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2019.1580147Google Scholar
Haven, T. L., Errington, T. M., Gleditsch, K. S., van Grootel, L., Jacobs, A. M., Kern, F. G., Piñeiro, R., Rosenblatt, F., & Mokkink, L. B. (2020). Preregistering qualitative research: A Delphi study. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 113. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920976417Google Scholar
Havron, N., Bergmann, C., & Tsuji, S. (2020). Preregistration in infant research – A primer. Infancy, 25(5), 734754. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12353Google Scholar
Henry, T. R. (2021a, February 26). Data Management for Researchers: Three Tales. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ga9yfGoogle Scholar
Henry, T. R. (2021b, February 26). Data Management for Researchers: 8 Principles of Good Data Management. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5tmfeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
John, L. K., Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (2012). Measuring the prevalence of questionable research practices with incentives for truth telling. Psychological Science, 23(5), 524532. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611430953Google Scholar
Johnson, A. H., & Cook, B. G. (2019). Preregistration in single-case design research. Exceptional Children, 86(1), 95112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0014402919868529CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kathawalla, U. K., Silverstein, P., & Syed, M. (2021). Easing into open science: A guide for graduate students and their advisors. Collabra: Psychology, 7(1), 18684. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.18684CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerr, N. L. (1998). HARKing: Hypothesizing after the results are known. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2(3), 196217. https://doi.org/10.1207/2Fs15327957pspr0203_4Google Scholar
Kirtley, O. J., Lafit, G., Achterhof, R., Hiekkaranta, A. P., & Myin-Germeys, I. (2021). Making the black box transparent: A template and tutorial for registration of studies using experience-sampling methods. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 4(1), 116. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920924686Google Scholar
Klein, O., Hardwicke, T. E., Aust, F., Breuer, J., Danielsson, H., Mohr, A. H., IJzerman, H., Nilsonne, G., Vanpaemel, W., & Frank, M. C. (2018). A practical guide for transparency in psychological science. Collabra: Psychology, 4(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.158Google Scholar
Koessler, R. B., Campbell, L., & Kohut, T. (2019, February 27). Open notebook. https://osf.io/3n964/Google Scholar
Krypotos, A.-M., Klugkist, I., Mertens, G., & Engelhard, I. M. (2019). A step-by-step guide on preregistration and effective data sharing for psychopathology research. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 128(6), 517527. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000424Google Scholar
Ledgerwood, A. (2018). The preregistration revolution needs to distinguish between predictions and analyses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(45), E10516E10517. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812592115Google Scholar
Markowetz, F. (2015). Five selfish reasons to work reproducibly. Genome Biology, 16, 274. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0850-7Google Scholar
McKiernan, E. C., Bourne, P. E., Brown, C. T., Buck, S., Kenall, A., Lin, J., McDougall, D., Nosek, B. A., Ram, K., Soderberg, C. K., Spies, J. R., Thaney, K., Updegrove, A., Woo, K. H., & Yarkoni, T. (2016). Point of view: How open science helps researchers succeed. eLife, 5, e16800. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16800Google Scholar
Meehl, P. E. (1978). Theoretical risks and tabular asterisks: Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, and the slow progress of soft psychology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46(4), 806834. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.46.4.806CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mertens, G., & Krypotos, A.-M. (2019). Preregistration of analyses of preexisting data. Psychologica Belgica, 59(1), 338352. http://doi.org/10.5334/pb.493Google Scholar
Mertzen, D., Lago, S., & Vasishth, S. (2021, March 4). The benefits of preregistration for hypothesis-driven bilingualism research. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nm3egCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M. Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., Stewart, L. A., & PRISMA-P Group. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic Reviews, 4(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-4-1Google Scholar
Moreau, D., & Wiebels, K. (2021). Assessing change in intervention research: The benefits of composite outcomes. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 4(1), 114. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920931930Google Scholar
Moshontz, H., Campbell, L., Ebersole, C. R., IJzerman, H., Urry, H. L., Forscher, P. S., … Chartier, C. R. (2018). The Psychological Science Accelerator: Advancing psychology through a distributed collaborative network. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(4), 501515. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918797607Google Scholar
Navarro, D. (2019, January 17). Prediction, pre-specification and transparency [blog post]. https://featuredcontent.psychonomic.org/prediction-pre-specification-and-transparency/Google Scholar
Nelson, L. D., Simmons, J., & Simonsohn, U. (2018). Psychology’s renaissance. Annual Review of Psychology, 69, 511534. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011836CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nosek, B. A., Alter, G., Banks, G. C., Borsboom, D., Bowman, S. D., Breckler, S. J., Buck, S., Chambers, C. D., Chin, G., Christensen, G., Contestabile, M., Dafoe, A., Eich, E., Freese, J., Glennerster, R., Goroff, D., Green, D. P., Hesse, B., Humphreys, M., … Yarkoni, T. (2015). Promoting an open research culture. Science, 348(6242), 14221425. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab2374Google Scholar
Nuijten, M. B., Hartgerink, C. H., Van Assen, M. A., Epskamp, S., & Wicherts, J. M. (2016). The prevalence of statistical reporting errors in psychology (1985–2013). Behavior Research Methods, 48(4), 12051226. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0664-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Obels, P., Lakens, D., Coles, N. A., Gottfried, J., & Green, S. A. (2020). Analysis of open data and computational reproducibility in Registered Reports in psychology. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 229237. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920918872Google Scholar
Open Science Collaboration. (2015). Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science. Science, 349(6251), aac4716. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4716CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Page, M. J., Shamseer, L., & Tricco, A. C. (2018). Registration of systematic reviews in PROSPERO: 30,000 records and counting. Systematic Reviews, 7(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-018-0699-4Google Scholar
Paul, M., Govaart, G., & Schettino, A. (2021, March 1). Making ERP research more transparent: Guidelines for preregistration. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/4tgveCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peikert, A., & Brandmaier, A. M. (2019, November 11). A reproducible data analysis workflow with R Markdown, Git, Make, and Docker. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/8xzqyGoogle Scholar
Platt, J. R. (1964). Strong inference. Science, 146(3642), 347353. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1714268Google Scholar
Roettger, T. B. (2021). Preregistration in experimental linguistics: Applications, challenges, and limitations. Linguistics, 59, 12271249. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/vc9huGoogle Scholar
Rouder, J. N. (2016). The what, why, and how of born-open data. Behavior Research Methods, 48(3), 10621069. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0630-zCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rouder, J. N., Haaf, J. M., & Snyder, H. K. (2019). Minimizing mistakes in psychological science. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 2(1), 311. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918801915Google Scholar
Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., Stewart, L. A., & the Group, PRISMA-P. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: Elaboration and explanation. BMJ, 350, g7647. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g7647CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, U. (2011). False-positive psychology: Undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant. Psychological Science, 22(11), 13591366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611417632CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smaldino, P. E., & McElreath, R. (2016). The natural selection of bad science. Royal Society Open Science, 3(9), 160384. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160384Google Scholar
Soderberg, C. K. (2018). Using OSF to share data: A step-by-step guide. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(1), 115120. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918757689CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spellman, B. A. (2015). A short (personal) future history of revolution 2.0. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(6), 886899. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615609918CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stodden, V., Seiler, J., & Ma, Z. (2018). An empirical analysis of journal policy effectiveness for computational reproducibility. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115, 25842589. https://10.1073/pnas.1708290115Google Scholar
Tackett, J. L., Brandes, C. M., Dworak, E. M., & Shields, A. N. (2020). Bringing the (pre)registration revolution to graduate training. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 61(4), 299309. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000221CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tenney, E., Costa, E., Allard, A., & Vazire, S. (2021). Open science and reform practices in organizational behavior research over time (2011 to 2019). Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 162, 218223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.10.015Google Scholar
Topor, M., Pickering, J. S., Barbosa Mendes, A., Bishop, D. V. M., Büttner, F. C., Elsherif, M. M., Evans, T. R., Henderson, E. L., Kalandadze, T., Nitschke, F. T., Staaks, J. P. C., van den Akker, O., Yeung, S. K., Zaneva, M., Lam, A., Madan, C. R., Moreau, D., O’Mahony, A., Parker, A., … Westwood, S. J. (2021, March 5). An integrative framework for planning and conducting Non-Interventional, Reproducible, and Open Systematic Reviews (NIRO-SR). https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/8gu5zCrossRefGoogle Scholar
van ’t Veer, A. E., & Giner-Sorolla, R. (2016). Pre-registration in social psychology – A discussion and suggested template. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 67, 212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2016.03.004Google Scholar
Van den Akker, O., Peters, G.-J. Y., Bakker, C., Carlsson, R., Coles, N. A., Corker, K. S., Feldman, G., Mellor, D., Moreau, D., Nordström, T., Pfeiffer, N., Pickering, J., Riegelman, A., Topor, M., van Veggel, N., & Yeung, S. K. (2020, September 15). Inclusive systematic review registration form. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/3nbeaCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van den Akker, O., Weston, S. J., Campbell, L., Chopik, W. J., Damian, R. I., Davis-Kean, P., Hall, A. N., Kosie, J., E., Kruse, E., Olsen, J., Ritchie, S. J., Valentine, K. D., van ’t Veer, A., & Bakker, M. (2021, February 21). Preregistration of secondary data analysis: A template and tutorial. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/hvfmrGoogle Scholar
Vazire, S. (2018). Implications of the credibility revolution for productivity, creativity, and progress. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(4), 411417. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617751884Google Scholar
Vazire, S., & Holcombe, A. O. (2020, August 13). Where are the self-correcting mechanisms in science? https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/kgqztGoogle Scholar
Vazire, S., Schiavone, S. R., & Bottesini, J. G. (2020, October 7). Credibility beyond replicability: Improving the four validities in psychological science. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/bu4d3Google Scholar
Vuorre, M., & Curley, J. P. (2018). Curating research assets: A tutorial on the Git version control system. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(2), 219236. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918754826Google Scholar
Wagenmakers, E.-J., Beek, T., Dijkhoff, L., Gronau, Q. F., Acosta, A., Adams, R. B., Albohn, D. N., Allard, E. S., Benning, S. D., Blouin-Hudon, E.-M., Bulnes, L. C., Caldwell, T. L., Calin-Jageman, R. J., Capaldi, C. A., Carfagno, N. S., Chasten, K. T., Cleeremans, A., Connell, L., DeCicco, J. M., … Zwaan, R. A. (2016). Registered Replication Report: Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(6), 917928. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616674458Google Scholar
Weston, S. J., Ritchie, S. J., Rohrer, J. M., & Przybylski, A. K. (2019). Recommendations for increasing the transparency of analysis of preexisting data sets. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 2(3), 214227. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245919848684Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×