Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T22:21:57.511Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 January 2023

Katharina Natter
Affiliation:
Universiteit Leiden
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Politics of Immigration Beyond Liberal States
Morocco and Tunisia in Comparative Perspective
, pp. 265 - 295
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aarts, Paul, and Cavatorta, Francesco. 2013. Civil Society in Syria and Iran: Activism in Authoritarian Contexts. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
Abbassi, Driss. 2009. Quand la Tunisie s’invente: entre Orient et Occident, des imaginaires politiques. Paris, France: Editions Autrement.Google Scholar
Abdel Aziz, Teymour. 2013. “Supporting Access to Finance for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises with Partial Credit Guarantees: The Moroccan Experience.” In MENA Knowledge and Learning Quick Notes Series n.94. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Abdelaaty, Lamis E. 2021. Discrimination and Delegation: Explaining State Responses to Refugees. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Abdelmoumni, Fouad. 2013. “Le Maroc et le Printemps arabe.” Pouvoirs 145(2):123–40.Google Scholar
Abdul Hamid, Maha. 2013. “Black Tunisians Historically Marginalized.” Beirut, Lebanon: Assafir Al-Arabi. https://assafirarabi.com/en/3461/2013/06/19/black-tunisians-historically-marginalized/Google Scholar
Abizadeh, Arash. 2008. “Democratic Theory and Border Coercion: No Right to Unilaterally Control Your Own Borders.” Political Theory 36(1):3765.Google Scholar
Acharya, Amitav. 2014. “Global International Relations (IR) and Regional Worlds: A New Agenda for International Studies*.” International Studies Quarterly 58(4):647–59.Google Scholar
Acosta Arcarazo, Diego, and Freier, Luisa F.. 2015. “Turning the Immigration Policy Paradox Upside Down? Populist Liberalism and Discursive Gaps in South America.” International Migration Review 49(3):659–96.Google Scholar
Adam, Ilke, Trauner, Florian, Jegen, Leonie, and Roos, Christof. 2020. “West African Interests in (EU) Migration Policy: Balancing Domestic Priorities with External Incentives.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 46(15):3101–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adamson, Fiona B. 2019. “Sending States and the Making of Intra-diasporic Politics: Turkey and Its Diaspora(s).” International Migration Review 53(1):210–36.Google Scholar
Adamson, Fiona B., Triadafilopoulos, Triadafilos, and Zolberg, Aristide R.. 2011. “The Limits of the Liberal State: Migration, Identity and Belonging in Europe.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 37(6):843–59.Google Scholar
Adamson, Fiona B., and Tsourapas, Gerasimos. 2019. “Migration Diplomacy in World Politics.” International Studies Perspectives 20(2):113–28.Google Scholar
Adamson, Fiona B., and Tsourapas, Gerasimos. 2020. “The Migration State in the Global South: Nationalizing, Developmental, and Neoliberal Models of Migration Management.” International Migration Review 54(3):853–82.Google Scholar
AfDB. 2011. “Impact du conflit en Libye sur l’économie Tunisienne: Une évaluation préliminaire.” In Note analytique trimestrielle pour l’Afrique du Nord. Tunis, Tunisia: African Development Bank.Google Scholar
Afrobarometer. 2015a. “Afrobarometer Round 6 – Summary of Results for Morocco.” www.afrobarometer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/mor_r6_sor.pdfGoogle Scholar
Afrobarometer. 2015b. “Afrobarometer Round 6 – Summary of Results for Tunisia.” https://www.afrobarometer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/tun_r6_sor_en.pdfGoogle Scholar
Afrobarometer. 2018a. “Afrobarometer Round 7 – Summary of Results for Morocco.” https://www.afrobarometer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/ab_r7_dispatchno285_migration_au_maroc.pdfGoogle Scholar
AI. 2020. “Les droits humains au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique du Nort. Rétrospective 2019.” Amnesty International.Google Scholar
Alemán, José, and Woods, Dwayne. 2014. “No Way Out: Travel Restrictions and Authoritarian Regimes.” Migration and Development. 3(2):285305.Google Scholar
Aleya-Sghaier, Amira. 2012. “The Tunisian Revolution: The Revolution of Dignity.” The Journal of the Middle East and Africa 3(1):1845.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alioua, Mehdi. 2009. “Le ‘passage au politique’ des transmigrants subsahariens au Maroc: Imaginaire migratoire, réorganisation collective et mobilisation politique en situation de migration transnationale.” Pp. 279303 in Le Maghreb à l’épreuve des migrations subsahariennes, edited by Bensaâd, Ali. Paris, France: Karthala.Google Scholar
Alioua, Mehdi, Ferrié, Jean-Noel, and Reifeld, Helmut. 2018. “La nouvelle politique migratoire marocaine.” Rabat, Morocco: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung.Google Scholar
Allal, Amin, and Bennafla, Karine. 2011. “Les mouvements protestataires de Gafsa (Tunisie) et Sidi Ifni (Maroc) de 2005 à 2009.” Revue Tiers Monde 5:2745.Google Scholar
Allal, Amin, and Geisser, Vincent. 2011. “La Tunisie de l’après-Ben Ali.” Cultures & Conflits 83:118–25.Google Scholar
Alonso, Sonia, and da Fonseca, Saro Claro. 2011. “Immigration, Left and Right.” Party Politics 18(6):865–84.Google Scholar
AlShehabi, Omar Hesham. 2021. “Policing Labour in Empire: The Modern Origins of the Kafala Sponsorship System in the Gulf Arab States.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 48(2):291310.Google Scholar
Álvarez Velasco, Soledad. 2020. “From Ecuador to Elsewhere: The (Re)Configuration of a Transit Country.” Migration and Society 3(1):34.Google Scholar
AMERM. 2008. L’immigration subsaharienne au Maroc – Analyse socio-économique. Rabat, Morocco: Association marocaine d’Etudes et de Recherche en Migrations.Google Scholar
AMERM. 2009. Le tissu associatif et le traitement de la question migratoire au Maroc. Rabat, Morocco: Association marocaine d’Etudes et de Recherche en Migrations.Google Scholar
Anderson, Joseph Trawicki. 2021. “Managing Labour Migration in Malaysia: Foreign Workers and the Challenges of ‘Control’ beyond Liberal Democracies.” Third World Quarterly 42(1):86104.Google Scholar
Anderson, Lisa. 1986. The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830–1980. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, Lisa. 1987. “The State in the Middle East and North Africa.” Comparative Politics 20(1):118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Appiah-Nyamekye Sanny, Josephine, and Abderebbi, Mohammed. 2019. “L’emploi pèse lourd dans les attitudes relatives à l’immigration/émigration au Maroc.” In Dépêche d’Afrobaromètre No. 285. Afrobarometer.Google Scholar
Arrighi, Jean-Thomas, and Bauböck, Rainer. 2017. “A Multilevel Puzzle: Migrants’ Voting Rights in National and Local Elections.” European Journal of Political Research 56(3):619–39.Google Scholar
Art, David. 2016. “Archivists and Adventurers: Research Strategies for Authoritarian Regimes of the Past and Present.” Social Science Quarterly 97(4):974–90.Google Scholar
Austin, Gareth. 2007. “Reciprocal Comparison and African History: Tackling Conceptual Eurocentrism in the Study of Africa’s Economic Past.” African Studies Review 50(3):128.Google Scholar
Avon, Dominique, and Aschi, Youssef. 2014. “La Constitution tunisienne et l’enjeu de la liberté individuelle : un exemple d’accommodement au forceps.” Raison publique.Google Scholar
Ayubi, Nazih N. 1995. Over-Stating the Arab State: Politics and Society in the Middle East. London: I. B. Tauris.Google Scholar
B.O. 2003a. “Law 02-03 relative to the entry and stay of foreigners in Morocco, and to irregular emigration and immigration.” edited by Bulletin Officiel No. 5162: 1295–1302.Google Scholar
B. O. 2003b. “Official Bulletin: Deliberations in Parliament – Introduction of law 02.03 related to the entry and stay of foreigners in Morocco, and to irregular emigration and immigration.” Pp. 1239–68, edited by Chambre des Représentants. Rabat, Morocco: Royaume du Maroc.Google Scholar
Badoual, Rita Aouad. 2003. “« Esclavage » et situation des « Noirs » au Maroc dans la première moitié du XXe siècle.” Pp. 337–59 in Les relations transsahariennes à l’époque contemporaine, edited by Marfaing, Laurence and Wippel, Steffen. Paris, France: Karthala.Google Scholar
Bahmad, Jamal. 2015. “From Slavery to the Screen : Sub-Saharan Migrants in Moroccan History and Cinema.” Pp. 151–57 in Migrants au Maroc: Cosmopolitisme, présence d’étrangers et transformations sociales, edited by Khrouz, Nadia and Lanza, Nazarena. Rabat, Morocco: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung.Google Scholar
Bailleul, Adeline. 2015. “Réfugiés syriens au Maroc: L’exil pour survivre.” in Huffington Post – Maroc.Google Scholar
Bakewell, Oliver. 2015. “Moving from War to Peace in the Zambia-Angola Borderlands.” Pp. 194217 in Mobility Makes States: Migration and Power in Africa, edited by Vigneswaran, Darshan and Quirk, Joel. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Bakewell, Oliver, and Jónsson, Gunvor. 2013. “Theory and the Study of Migration in Africa.” Journal of Intercultural Studies 34(5):477–85.Google Scholar
Bale, Tim. 2008. “Politics Matters: A Conclusion.” Journal of European Public Policy 15(3):453–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bamba, Mamadou. 2015. “Mobilité des Musulmans ivoiriens au Maroc : entre formation islamique et tourisme religieux.” Pp. 7278 in Migrants au Maroc: Cosmopolitisme, présence d’étrangers et transformations sociales, edited by Khrouz, Nadia and Lanza, Nazarena. Rabat, Morocco: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung.Google Scholar
Barre, Abdelaziz. 2003. “Les relations entre le Maroc et les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne.” in Les relations transsahariennes à l’époque contemporaine, edited by Marfaing, Laurence and Wippel, Steffen. Paris, France: Karthala.Google Scholar
Barre, Abdelaziz. 2012. “Les nouveau axes de la diplomatie marocaine.” Pp. 4158 in Le Maghreb et son Sud : vers des liens renouvelés, edited by Mokhefi, Mansouria and Antil, Alain. Paris, France: CNRS Editions.Google Scholar
Bartels, Inke. 2015. “Reconfiguration of Tunisian Migration Politics after the ‘Arab Spring’ – The Role of Young Civil Society Movements.” Pp. 6279 in Youth, Revolt, Recognition – The Young Generation during and after the “Arab Spring”, edited by Schäfer, Isabel. Berlin, DE: Mediterranean Institute Berlin.Google Scholar
Bastien, Joëlle. 2009. “Goal Ambiguity and Informal Discretion in the Implementation of Public Policies: The Case of Spanish Immigration Policy.” International Review of Administrative Sciences 75(4):665–85.Google Scholar
Bayart, Jean-Francois. 1996. “L’historicité de l’Etat importé.” Cahiers du CERI – Centre d’études et de recherches internationales 1–44.Google Scholar
Bayart, Jean-Francois. 2009. The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly. Cambridge, UK: Polity.Google Scholar
Bayat, Asef. 2010. Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar
Beau, Nicolas, and Tuquoi, Jean-Pierre. 2011. Notre Ami Ben Ali: L’envers du miracle tunisien. Paris, France: La Découverte.Google Scholar
Becker, Howard S. 1963. Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. New York, NJ: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Becker, Howard S. 1968. “Social Observation and Social Case Studies.” Pp. 232–38 in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, edited by David, L. Sills, Robert, King Merton, and Immanuel, Maurice Wallerstein. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Bel Hadj Zekri, Abderazak. 2009. “Migration et société civile en Tunisie.” in CARIM Notes d’analyse et de synthese 14. Florence, Italy: European University Institute (EUI).Google Scholar
Belguendouz, Abdelkrim. 2003. Le Maroc non africain, gendarme de l’Europe? Alerte au projet de loi n°02-03 relative à l’entrée et au séjour des étrangers au Maroc, à l’émigration et l’immigration irrégulière. Salé, Morocco: Imprimerie Beni Snassen.Google Scholar
Belguendouz, Abdelkrim. 2009. “Le Maroc et la migration irrégulière, une analyse sociopolitique.” Florence Italy: Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies, European University Institute.Google Scholar
Bellin, Eva. 1994. “Civil Society: Effective Tool of Analysis for Middle East Politics?PS: Political Science and Politics 27(3):509–10.Google Scholar
Bellin, Eva. 1995. “Civil Society in Formation: Tunisia.” Pp. 120–47 in Civil Society in the Middle East, edited by Augustus, R. Norton. New York: Brill.Google Scholar
Ben‐Layashi, Samir, and Maddy‐Weitzman, Bruce. 2010. “Myth, History and Realpolitik: Morocco and its Jewish Community.” Journal of Modern Jewish Studies 9(1):89106.Google Scholar
Ben Achour, Olfa. 2015. “De la velléité à la volonté : l’émigration des Juifs de Tunisie de 1943 à 1967, un phènomène complexe.” in History. Toulouse, France: Toulouse 2, Université de Tunis I.Google Scholar
Ben Achour, Souhayma. 2019. “Les libertés individuelles des étrangères et des étrangers en Tunisie: Les métèques de la République.” Tunis, Tunisia: Association Tunisienne de Défense des Libertés Individuelles (ATDLI), Heinrich Böll Stiftung.Google Scholar
Ben Ahmed, Mustapha. 2011. “Le rôle des syndicats maghrébins dans la gestion de la migration subsaharienne.” Pp. 6370 in Le Maghreb et les migrations subsahariennes – Le role des associations et des syndicats, edited by Bustos, Rafael, Orozco, Olivia, Witte, Lothar, and Melzer, Ralf. Tunis, Tunisia: Fondation Friedrich Ebert (FES).Google Scholar
Ben Jemia, Monia. 2006. “Immigration et droit.” in Aspects juridiques des migrations dans l’espace Euro-maghrébin. Tunis, Tunisia: Faculté des sciences juridiques, politiques et sociales.Google Scholar
Ben Jemia, Monia. 2009. “La répression des migrations clandestines en Tunisie.” Pp. 267–78 in Le Maghreb à l’épreuve des migrations subsahariennes, edited by Bensaâd, Ali. Paris, France: Karthala.Google Scholar
Ben Jemia, Monia, and Achour, Souhayma Ben. 2014. “Plaidoyer pour une réforme des lois relatives aux migrants, aux étrangers et à la nationalité en Tunisie.” Sousse, Tunisia: CeTuMA; EuroMed Rights.Google Scholar
Ben Sedrine, Saïd. 2018. “Défis à relever pour un accueil décent de la migration subsaharienne en Tunisie.” Tunis, Tunisia: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES).Google Scholar
Benjelloun, Sara. 2018a. “Mise en œuvre et enjeux diplomatiques de la nouvelle politique migratoire.” Pp. 77121 in La nouvelle politique migratoire marocaine, edited by Alioua, Mehdi, Ferrié, Jean-Noel, and Reifeld, Helmut. Rabat, Morocco: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung.Google Scholar
Benjelloun, Sara. 2018b. “Nouvelle politique migratoire et opérations de régularisation.” Pp. 3575 in La nouvelle politique migratoire marocaine, edited by Alioua, Mehdi, Ferrié, Jean-Noel, and Reifeld, Helmut. Rabat, Morocco: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung.Google Scholar
Bensaâd, Ali. 2002. “La grande migration africaine à travers le Sahara.” Méditerranée 99(3–4):4152.Google Scholar
Bensaâd, Ali. 2005. “Les migrations transsahariennes, une mondialisation par la marge.” Pp. 1336 in Marges et mondialisation : Les migrations transsahariennes, edited by Bensaâd, Ali. Paris, France: Maghreb-Mashrek.Google Scholar
Bensaâd, Ali. 2015. “L’immigration subsaharienne au Maghreb. Le Maroc entre dans le deuxième âge.” Pp. 241–56 in Migrations en Méditerranée : Permanences et mutations à l’heure des révolutions et des crises, edited by Schmoll, Camille, Thiollet, Helene, and de Wenden, Catherine Wihtol. Paris, France: CNRS Editions.Google Scholar
Bensadoun, Mickael. 2007. “The (Re)Fashioning of Moroccan National Identity.” Pp. 1335 in The Maghrib in the New Century: Identity, Religion and Politics, edited by Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce and Zisenwine, Daniel. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.Google Scholar
Berriane, Johara. 2015. “Pilgrimage, Spiritual Tourism and the Shaping of Transnational ‘Imagined Communities’: The Case of the Tidjani Ziyara to Fez.” International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage 3(2):110.Google Scholar
Berriane, Mohamed, de Haas, Hein, and Natter, Katharina. 2015. “Revisiting Moroccan Migrations.” The Journal of North African Studies 20(4):503–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berriane, Mohamed, de Haas, Hein, and Natter, Katharina. 2021. “Social Transformations and Migrations in Morocco.” in International Migration Institute Working Paper 171. Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Google Scholar
Betts, Alexander. 2021. “Refugees And Patronage: A Political History Of Uganda’s ‘Progressive’ Refugee Policies.” African Affairs 120(479):243–76.Google Scholar
Bhambra, Gurminder K. 2014. Connected Sociologies. London, UK: Bloomsbury Academic.Google Scholar
Bhambra, Gurminder K., Bouka, Yolande, Persaud, Randolph B., Rutazibwa, Olivia U., Thakur, Vineet, Bell, Duncan, Smith, Karen, Haastrup, Toni, and Adem, Seifudein. 2020. “Why Is Mainstream International Relations Blind to Racism? Ignoring the Central Role of Race and Colonialism in World Affairs Precludes an Accurate Understanding of the Modern State System.” Foreign Policy, 3 July.Google Scholar
Bierschenk, Thomas, and de Sardan, Jean-Pierre Olivier (Eds.). 2015. States at Work: Dynamics of African Bureaucracies. Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill.Google Scholar
Blair, Christopher, Grossman, Guy, and Weinstein, Jeremy M.. 2020. “Forced Displacement and Asylum Policy in the Developing World.” Stanford/ETH Zürich: Immigration Policy Lab.Google Scholar
Blair, Harry. 1997. “Donors, Democratisation and Civil Society: Relating Theory to Practice.” Pp. 2342 in Too Close for Comfort? NGOs, States and Donors, edited by Hulme, David and Edwards, Michael. London, UK: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Boesen, Elisabeth, and Marfaing, Laurence (Eds.). 2007. Les Nouveaux Urbains dans l’espace Sahara-Sahel: Un cosmopolitisme par le bas. Paris, France: Karthala-ZMO.Google Scholar
Bonjour, Saskia. 2011. “The Power and Morals of Policy Makers: Reassessing the Control Gap Debate.” International Migration Review 45(1):89122.Google Scholar
Boswell, Christina. 2003. “The ‘external dimension’ of EU Immigration and Asylum Policy.” International Affairs 79(3):619–38.Google Scholar
Boswell, Christina. 2007a. “Migration Control in Europe after 9/11: Explaining the Absence of Securitization.” JCMS-Journal of Common Market Studies 45(3):589610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boswell, Christina. 2007b. “Theorizing Migration Policy: Is There a Third Way?International Migration Review 41(1):75100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boubakri, Amor. 2007. “L’adhésion de la Tunisie aux instruments internationaux relatifs aux réfugiés.” Etudes Internationales 105:93118.Google Scholar
Boubakri, Hassen. 2004. “Transit Migration between Tunisia, Libya and Sub-Saharan Africa: Study Based on Greater Tunis.” in Regional Conference on “Migrants in Transit Countries: Sharing Responsibility for Management and Protection”. Istanbul, Turkey.Google Scholar
Boubakri, Hassen. 2009. “L’administration des migrations irrégulières par l’Etat tunisien : dispositifs règlementaires et relations avec l’Europe.” Pp. 285309 in La politique européenne d’immigration, edited by Berramdane, Abdelkhaleq and Rossetto, Jean. Paris, France: Editions Karthala.Google Scholar
Boubakri, Hassen. 2011. “Extraits des interviews avec un visiteur de prison et deux réfugiés ivoiriens en Tunisie.” Pp. 3540 in Le Maghreb et les migrations subsahariennes – Le role des associations et des syndicats, edited by Bustos, Rafael, Orozco, Olivia, Witte, Lothar, and Melzer, Ralf. Tunis, Tunisia: Fondation Friedrich Ebert (FES).Google Scholar
Boubakri, Hassen. 2013. “Revolution and International Migration in Tunisia.” Florence, Italy: European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, Migration Policy Center (MPC).Google Scholar
Boubakri, Hassen. 2015. “Migration et asile en Tunisie depuis 2011: vers de nouvelles figures migratoires?Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales 31(3–4):1739.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boubakri, Hassen, and Mazzella, Sylvie. 2005. “La Tunisie entre transit et immigration : politiques migratoires et conditions d’accueil des migrants africains à Tunis.” Autrepart 4(36):149–65.Google Scholar
Boubakri, Hassen, and Potot, Swanie. 2012. “De l’élan citoyen à la mise en place d’une politique migratoire en Tunisie. L’accueil des réfugiés de Libye en 2011.” Migrations Société 24(143):121–38.Google Scholar
Boukhars, Anouar. 2011. Politics in Morocco – Executive Monarchy and Enlightened Authoritarianism. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Boukhssass, Mohammed Karim. 2020. “Irregular Migrants and Coronavirus: A Double Suffering.” Rabat, Morocco: Moroccan Institute for Policy Analysis (MIPA).Google Scholar
Brachet, Julien, Choplin, Armelle, and Pliez, Olivier. 2011. “Le Sahara entre espace de circulation et frontière migratoire de l’Europe.” Hérodote 142(3):163–82.Google Scholar
Brand, Laurie A. 2002. “States and Their Expatriates: Explaining the Development of Tunisian and Moroccan Emigration-Related Institutions.” San Diego, CA: The Center for Comparative Immigration Studies (CCIS).Google Scholar
Brand, Laurie A. 2006. Citizens Abroad – Emigration and the State in the Middle East and North Africa. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Brand, Laurie A. 2014. “Arab Uprisings and the Changing Frontiers of Transnational Citizenship: Voting from Abroad in Political Transitions.” Political Geography 41:5463.Google Scholar
Bredeloup, Sylvie, and Pliez, Olivier. 2005. “Migrations entre les deux rives du Sahara.” Autrepart 36(4):320.Google Scholar
Breunig, Christian, Cao, Xun, and Luedtke, Adam. 2012. “Global Migration and Political Regime Type: A Democratic Disadvantage.” British Journal of Political Science 42:825–54.Google Scholar
Brobbey, Collins Adu-Bempah. 2018. “Democratization and Legitimization of Xenophobia in Ghana.” Pp. 6979 in The Political Economy of Xenophobia in Africa, edited by Akinola, Adeoye O. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.Google Scholar
Brooker, Paul. 2014. Non-Democratic Regimes: Theory, Government, and Politics. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Brubaker, Rogers. 1992. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Brumberg, Daniel. 2002. “Democratization in the Arab World? The Trap of Liberalized Autocracy.” Journal of Democracy 13(4):5668.Google Scholar
Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, Smith, Alastair, Siverson, Randolph M., and Morrow, James D.. 2003. The Logic of Political Survival. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Bustos, Rafael, Orozco, Olivia, Witte, Lothar, and Melzer, Ralf. 2011. “Le Maghreb et les migrations subsahariennes – Le role des associations et des syndicats.” Tunis, Tunisia: FES.Google Scholar
Calavita, Kitty. 1992. Inside the State: The Bracero Program, Immigration and the INS. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Camau, Michel, and Geisser, Vincent. 2003. Le syndrome autoritaire: Politique en Tunisie de Bourguiba à Ben Ali. Paris, France: Presses de SciencesPo.Google Scholar
Carens, Joseph. 2013. The Ethics of Immigration. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
CARIM. 2003. “Refugee Population in Tunisia, 1993–2002.” in Demographic & Economic Module edited by Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM). Florence, Italy.Google Scholar
CARIM. 2010. “Foreign Students in Tunisia, 1996–2009.” in Demographic & Economic Module edited by Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM). Florence, Italy.Google Scholar
Carruthers, Susan L. 2005. “Between Camps: Eastern Bloc ‘Escapees’ and Cold War Borderlands.” American Quarterly 57(3):991–42.Google Scholar
Cassani, Andrea, and Tomini, Luca. 2020. “Reversing Regimes and Concepts: From Democratization to Autocratization.” European Political Science 19(2):272–87.Google Scholar
Cassarini, Camille. 2020. “L’immigration subsaharienne en Tunisie: De la reconnaissance d’un fait social à la création d’un enjeu gestionnaire.” Migrations Société 179(1):4357.Google Scholar
Cassarino, Jean-Pierre. 2007. “Informalising Readmission Agreements in the EU Neighbourhood.” The International Spectator 42(2):179–96.Google Scholar
Cassarino, Jean-Pierre. 2014. “Channelled Policy Transfers: EU-Tunisia Interactions on Migration Matters.” European Journal of Migration and Law 16:97123.Google Scholar
Castells, Manuel. 1975. “Immigrant Workers and Class Struggles in Advanced Capitalism: The Western European Experience.” Politics and Society 5(1):3366.Google Scholar
Castles, Stephen. 2004. “The Factors that Make and Unmake Migration Policies.” International Migration Review 38(3):852–84.Google Scholar
Castles, Stephen, de Haas, Hein, and Miller, Mark J.. 2014. The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Castles, Stephen, and Kosack, Godula. 1985. Immigrant Workers and Class Structure in Western Europe. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cavatorta, Francesco (Ed.). 2012. Civil Society Activism under Authoritarian Rule – A Comparative Perspective. London, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cavatorta, Francesco, and Dalmasso, Emanuela. 2009. “Liberal Outcomes through Undemocratic Means: The Reform of the Code de statut personnel in Morocco.” Journal of Modern African Studies 47(4):487506.Google Scholar
Charmaz, Kathy. 2014. Constructing Grounded Theory : A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis. London, UK: SAGE Publications.Google Scholar
Cherti, Myriam, and Collyer, Michael. 2015. “Immigration and Pensée d’Etat: Moroccan Migration Policy Changes as Transformation of ‘Geopolitical Culture’.” Journal of North African Studies 20(4):590604.Google Scholar
Choate, Mark I. 2010. “Tunisia, Contested: Italian Nationalism, French Imperial Rule, and Migration in the Mediterranean Basin.” California Italian Studies 1(1):120.Google Scholar
Chung, Erin A. 2010. “Workers or Residents? Diverging Patterns of Immigrant Incorporation in Korea and Japan.” Pacific Affairs 83(4):675–96.Google Scholar
Cimade, and AFVIC-PFM. 2004. “Gourougou, Bel Younes, Oujda : la situation alarmante des migrants subsahariens en transit au Maroc et les conséquences des politiques de l’UE.” Paris, France: La Cimade-SSI.Google Scholar
CMSM, and GADEM. 2012. “Recrudescence de la répression envers les migrants au Maroc – Une violence qu’on croyait révolue.” Conseil des migrants subsahariens au Maroc (CMSM); Groupe antiraciste d’accompagnement et de défense des étrangers et migrants (GADEM).Google Scholar
CNDH. 2013. “Etrangers et droits de l’homme au Maroc: Pour une politique d’asile et d’immigration radicalement nouvelle (résumé exécutif).” Rabat, Morocco: Conseil National des Droits de l’Homme.Google Scholar
CNDH. 2014. “Opération exceptionnelle de régularisation: Commission nationale de suivi et de recours.”Google Scholar
CNDH. 2015. “Migration : La Commission nationale de recours adopte de nouvelles mesures permettant de régulariser 92% des étrangers ayant déposé des demandes de régularisation.” Rabat, Morocco: Conseil national des droits de l’Homme.Google Scholar
Cohen, Michael D., March, James G. and Olsen, Johan P.. 1972. “A Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice.” Administrative Science Quarterly 17(1):125.Google Scholar
Cole, Phillip. 2000. Philosophies of Exclusion: Liberal Political Theory and Immigration. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Cole, Phillip. 2012. “Taking Moral Equality Seriously: Egalitarianism and Immigration Controls.” Journal of International Political Theory 8(1–2):121–34.Google Scholar
Coleda, Michel. 1953. “La main d’oeuvre étrangère en Tunisie.” Bulletin Economique et Social de la Tunisie 81:5866.Google Scholar
Collyer, Michael. 2006. “States of Insecurity: Consequences of Saharan Transit Migration.” in Working Paper No. 31. Oxford, UK: Centre on Migration, Policy and Society (COMPAS), University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Comaroff, Jean, and Comaroff, John L.. 2012. “Theory from the South: Or, How Euro-America is Evolving Toward Africa.” Anthropological Forum 22(2):113–31.Google Scholar
Connell, Raewyn. 2007. Southern Theory: The Global Dynamics of Knowledge in Social Science. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Connell, Raewyn. 2018. “Decolonizing Sociology.” Contemporary Sociology 47(4):399407.Google Scholar
Coppedge, Michael, Gerring, John, Knutsen, Carl Henrik, Lindberg, Staffan I., Teorell, Jan, Altman, David, Bernhard, Michael, Fish, M. Steven, Glynn, Adam, Hicken, Allen, Luhrmann, Anna, Marquardt, Kyle L., McMann, Kelly, Paxton, Pamela, Pemstein, Daniel, Seim, Brigitte, Sigman, Rachel, Skaaning, Svend-Erik, Staton, Jeffrey, Wilson, Steven, Cornell, Agnes, Alizada, Nazifa, Gastaldi, Lisa, Gjerløw, Haakon, Hindle, Garry, Ilchenko, Nina, Maxwell, Laura, Mechkova, Valeriya, Medzihorsky, Juraj, von Römer, Johannes, Sundström, Aksel, Tzelgov, Eitan, Wang, Yi-ting, Wig, Tore, and Ziblatt, Daniel. 2020. “V-Dem Country–Year Dataset v10,” edited by Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project.Google Scholar
Cornelius, Wayne A., Tsuda, Takeyuki, Martin, Philip L. and Hollifield, James F. (Eds.). 2004. Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Coyault, Bernard. 2015. “Les « églises de maison » congolaises de Rabat : la participation du secteur (religieux) informel à la pluralisation religieuse au Maroc.” Pp. 5564 in Migrants au Maroc: Cosmopolitisme, présence d’étrangers et transformations sociales, edited by Khrouz, Nadia and Lanza, Nazarena. Rabat, Morocco: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung.Google Scholar
Cubertafond, Bernard. 2001. La vie politique au Maroc. Paris, France: L’Harmattan.Google Scholar
Cuttitta, Paolo. 2020. “Non-governmental/Civil Society Organisations and the European Union-externalisation of Migration Management in Tunisia and Egypt.” Population, Space and Place 26(7):e2329.Google Scholar
Czaika, Mathias, and de Haas, Hein. 2013. “The Effectiveness of Immigration Policies.” Population and Development Review 39(3):487508.Google Scholar
Czaika, Mathias, de Haas, Hein, and Villares-Varela, Maria. 2018. “The Global Evolution of Travel Visa Regimes.” Population and Development Review 3(3):589622.Google Scholar
Dahl, Adam. 2018. Empire of the People: Settler Colonialism and the Foundations of Modern Democratic Thought. Lawrence, KA: University Press of Kansas.Google Scholar
de Haas, Hein. 2003. Migration and Development in Southern Morocco: The Disparate Socio-Economic Impact of Out-Migration on the Todgha Oasis Valley. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: University of Amsterdam Press.Google Scholar
de Haas, Hein. 2007a. “Between Courting and Controlling: The Moroccan State and ‘its’ Emigrants.” in Working Paper No. 54. Oxford, UK: Centre on Migration, Policy and Society (COMPAS), University of Oxford.Google Scholar
de Haas, Hein. 2007b. “Morocco’s Migration Experience: A Transitional Perspective.” International Migration 45(4):3970.Google Scholar
de Haas, Hein. 2007c. “The Myth of Invasion: Irregular Migration from West Africa to the Maghreb and the European Union.” Oxford, UK: International Migration Institute, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
de Haas, Hein. 2014a. “Chapitre 2: Un siècle de migrations marocaines : Transformations, transitions et perspectives d’avenir.” Pp. 6191 in Marocains de l’Extérieur 2013, edited by Berriane, Mohamed. Rabat, Morocco: Fondation Hassan II pour les Marocains Résidant à l’Etranger & OIM.Google Scholar
de Haas, Hein. 2014b. “Morocco: Setting the Stage for Becoming a Migration Transition Country?”. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute (MPI).Google Scholar
de Haas, Hein, Natter, Katharina, and Vezzoli, Simona. 2018. “Growing Restrictiveness or Changing Selection? The Nature and Evolution of Migration Policies.” International Migration Review 52(2):314–67.Google Scholar
de Haas, Hein, and Vezzoli, Simona. 2011. “Leaving Matters: The Nature, Evolution and Effects of Emigration Policies.” Oxford, UK: International Migration Institute, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Deane, Shelley. 2013. “Transforming Tunisia: The Role of Civil Society in Tunisia’s Transition.” London, UK: International Alert.Google Scholar
DEMIG. 2015. “DEMIG C2C, version 1.2, Full Internal Edition.” edited by University of Oxford International Migration Institute (IMI). Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Diallo, Alimou. 2016. “Démarcher auprès de la bureaucratie locale pour un titre de séjour au Maroc: Sociologie historique des démarches administratives” in Doctoral Seminar, École de gouvernance et d’économie (EGE). Rabat, Morocco.Google Scholar
Dinas, Elias, Fouka, Vasiliki, and Schläpfer, Alain. 2021. “Family History and Attitudes toward Out-Groups: Evidence from the European Refugee Crisis.” The Journal of Politics 83(2):647–61.Google Scholar
Dini, Sabine, and Giusa, Caterina. 2020. Externalising Migration Governance Through Civil Society. Tunisia as a Case Study. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Djebali, Taoufik. 2005. “Ethnicity and Power in North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco.” in Race and Nation: Ethnic Systems in the Modern World, edited by Spickard, Paul. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
El Hamel, Chouki. 2012. Black Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race, and Islam. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
El Qadim, Nora. 2010. “La politique migratoire européenne vue du Maroc : Contraintes et opportunités.” Politique Européenne 31:91118.Google Scholar
El Qadim, Nora. 2015. Le gouvernement asymétrique des migrations : Maroc-Union Européenne. Paris, France: Dalloz.Google Scholar
Ellermann, Antje. 2013. “When Can Liberal States Avoid Unwanted Immigration? Self-Limited Sovereignty and Guest Worker Recruitment in Switzerland and Germany.” World Politics 65(3):491538.Google Scholar
Entman, Robert M. 1993. “Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.” Journal of Communication 43(4):5158.Google Scholar
Escribà-Folch, Abel , and Wright, Joseph. 2015. Foreign Pressure and the Politics of Autocratic Survival. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Eule, Tobias. 2014. Inside Immigration Law: Migration Management and Policy Application in Germany. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Fargues, Philippe. 2013. EU Neighbourhood Migration Report 2013. Florence, Italy: Migration Policy Centre (MPC), European University Institute (EUI).Google Scholar
Fargues, Philippe, and Fandrich, Christine. 2012. “Migration after the Arab Spring.” in Migration Policy Center (MPC) Research Report 9. Florence, Italy: European University Institute (EUI).Google Scholar
Feenstra, Robert C., Inklaar, Robert, and Timmer, Marcel P.. 2015. “The Next Generation of the Penn World Table.” American Economic Review 105(10):3150–82.Google Scholar
Feliu Martínez, Laura. 2009. “Les migrations en transit au Maroc. Attitudes et comportement de la société civile face au phénomèneL’Année du Maghreb 5:343–62.Google Scholar
Ferrié, Jean-Noel, and Alioua, Mehdi. 2018. “Politiques migratoires et sérénité de l’action publique.” Pp. 1934 in La nouvelle politique migratoire marocaine, edited by Alioua, Mehdi, Ferrié, Jean-Noel, and Reifeld, Helmut. Rabat, Morocco: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung.Google Scholar
Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, Elena. 2020. “Recentering the South in Studies of Migration.” Migration and Society 3:118.Google Scholar
FIDH/GADEM. 2015. “Maroc. Entre rafles et régularisation: Bilan d’une politique migratoire indécise.” Paris, France: Fédération internationale des ligues des droits de l’Homme (FIDH)/Le Groupe antiraciste d’accompagnement et de défense des étrangers et migrants (GADEM).Google Scholar
Filomeno, Felipe A., and Vicino, Thomas J.. 2020. “The Evolution of Authoritarianism and Restrictionism in Brazilian Immigration Policy: Jair Bolsonaro in Historical Perspective.” Bulletin of Latin American Research.Google Scholar
Findlay, Allan M. 1980. “Patterns and Processes of Tunisian Migration.” in Department of Geography. Durham, UK: Durham University.Google Scholar
FitzGerald, David Scott. 2006. “Inside the Sending State: The Politics of Mexican Emigration Control.” International Migration Review 40(2):259–93.Google Scholar
FitzGerald, David Scott, and Cook-Martín, David. 2014. Culling the Masses: The Democratic Origins of Racist Immigration Policy in the Americas. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
FitzGerald, David Scott, and Hirsch, Asher. 2022. “Norm-busting: Rightist Challenges in US and Australian Immigration and Refugee Policies.” Third World Quarterly 43(7):15871606.Google Scholar
Florio, Erminia. 2019. “The Legacy of Historical Emigration: Evidence from Italian Municipalities.” Tor Vergata University, CEIS.Google Scholar
Freeman, Gary P. 1995. “Modes of Immigration Politics in Liberal-Democratic States.” International Migration Review 29(4):881902.Google Scholar
Freier, Luisa F. 2013. “Open Doors (for Almost all): Visa Policies and Ethnic Selectivity in Ecuador.” in London School of Economics (LSE) Working Paper 188. London, UK.Google Scholar
FRONTEX. 2011. “FRAN Quarterly, Issue 1, January–March 2011.” Warsaw, Poland: FRONTEX.Google Scholar
Frowd, Philippe M. 2020. “Producing the ‘transit’ Migration State: International Security Intervention in Niger.” Third World Quarterly 41(2):340–58.Google Scholar
FTDES, and Migreurop. 2020. “Politiques du non-accueil en Tunisie: Des acteurs humanitaires au service des politiques sécuritaires européennes.” Tunis, Tunisia: Forum Tunisien pour les Droits Economiques et Sociaux & Migreurop.Google Scholar
GADEM. 2010. “Note à l’intention du Comité de lutte contre les discriminations raciales.” Groupe antiraciste d’accompagnement et de défense des étrangers et migrants (GADEM).Google Scholar
GADEM. 2018. “Couts et blessures. Rapport sur les opérations des forces de l’ordre menées dans le nord du Maroc entre juillet et septembre 2018: Éléments factuels et analyse.” Rabat, Maroc: Groupe antiraciste d’accompagnement et de défense des étrangers et migrants (GADEM).Google Scholar
GADEM, and Anafé. 2017. “Privés de liberté en « zone de transit » – Des aéroports français aux aéroports marocains.” Groupe antiraciste d’accompagnement et de défense des étrangers migrants; Association nationale d’assistance aux frontières pour les étrangers.Google Scholar
Gamlen, Alan. 2008. “The Emigration State and the Modern Geopolitical Imagination.” Political Geography 27(8):840–56.Google Scholar
Garcés-Mascareñas, Blanca. 2012. Labour Migration in Malaysia and Spain: Markets, Citizenship and Rights. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar
Garelli, Glenda, Sossi, Federica, and Tazzioli, Martina. 2015. “Migrants in Tunisia: Detained and Deported.” Storiemigranti.Google Scholar
Garelli, Glenda, and Tazzioli, Martina. 2017. Tunisia as a Revolutionized Space of Migration. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Gazzotti, Lorena. 2021a. Immigration Nation. Aid, Control and Border Politics in Morocco. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gazzotti, Lorena. 2021b. “(Un)making Illegality: Border Control, Racialized Bodies and Differential Regimes of Illegality in Morocco.” The Sociological Review.Google Scholar
Gazzotti, Lorena, Mouthaan, Melissa, and Natter, Katharina. 2022. Embracing Complexity in ‘Southern’ Migration Governance, Territory, Politics, Governance. (online first).Google Scholar
Geddes, Andrew. 2003. The Politics of Migration and Immigration in Europe. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Geisser, Vincent. 2019. “Tunisie, des migrants subsahariens toujours exclus du rêve démocratique.” Migrations Société 177(3):318.Google Scholar
George, Alexander L., and Bennett, Andrew. 2005. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Gisselquist, Rachel M., and Tarp, Finn. 2019. “Migration Governance and Policy in the Global South: Introduction and Overview.” International Migration 57(4):247–53.Google Scholar
Giusa, Caterina. 2018. “« On a fait la révolution pour être libres. Libres de partir »: Les départs des harragas de la Tunisie en révolution.” Mouvements 93:99106.Google Scholar
Givens, Terri, and Luedtke, Adam. 2005. “European Immigration Policies in Comparative Perspective: Issue Salience, Partisanship and Immigrant Rights.” Comparative European Politics 3:122.Google Scholar
Glasius, Marlies, de Lange, Meta, Bartman, Jos, Dalmasso, Emanuela, Lv, Aofei, Del Sordi, Adele, Michaelsen, Marcus, and Ruijgrok, Kris. 2018. Research, Ethics and Risk in the Authoritarian Field. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Gobe, Éric, and Larbi, Chouikha. 2014. “La Tunisie politique en 2013 : de la bipolarisation idéologique au « consensus constitutionnel » ?L’Année du Maghreb 11:301–22.Google Scholar
Golash-Boza, Tanya Maria. 2012. Immigration Nation: Raids, Detentions, and Deportations in Post-9/11 America. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Goldschmidt, Elie. 2004. “Etudiants et migrants congolais au Maroc: politiques d’accueil et strategies migratoires.” Pp. 149–71 in Les relations transsahariennes à l’époque contemporaine, edited by Wippel, Steffen and Marfaing, Laurence. Paris, France: Karthala.Google Scholar
Gränzer, Siegelinde. 1999. “Changing Discourse: Transnational Advocacy Networks in Tunisia and Morocco.” Pp. 109–33 in The Power of Human Rights – International Norms and Domestic Change, edited by Risse, Thomas, Ropp, Stephen C., and Sikkink, Kathryn. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Greenhill, Kelly M. 2010. Weapons of Mass Migration: Forced Displacement, Coercion, and Foreign Policy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Greenhill, Kelly M. 2016. “Open Arms Behind Barred Doors: Fear, Hypocrisy and Policy Schizophrenia in the European Migration Crisis.” European Law Journal 22(3):317–32.Google Scholar
Grindle, Merilee S., and Thomas, John W.. 1991. Public Choices and Policy Change – The Political Economy of Reform in Developing Countries. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Guild, Elspeth, Groenendijk, Kees, and Carrera, Sergio. 2009. Illiberal Liberal States: Immigration, Citizenship and Integration in the EU. London, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Guiraudon, Virginie, and Lahav, Gallya. 2000. “A Reappraisal of the State Sovereignty Debate: The Case of Migration Control.” Comparative Political Studies 33(2):163–95.Google Scholar
Gurowitz, Amy. 1999. “Mobilizing International Norms: Domestic Actors, Immigrants, and the Japanese State.” World Politics 51(3):413–45.Google Scholar
Hagelund, Anniken. 2020. “After the Refugee Crisis: Public Discourse and Policy Change in Denmark, Norway and Sweden.” Comparative Migration Studies 8(1):13.Google Scholar
Hall, Peter. 1997. “The Role of Interests, Institutions, and Ideas in the Comparative Political Economy of the Industrialized Nations “ Pp. 174207 in Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure, edited by Lichbach, Mark I. and Zuckerman, Alan S.. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hall, Peter. 2006. “Systematic Process Analysis: When and How to Use It.” European Management Review 3:2431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, Peter A., and Taylor, Rosemary C.R.. 1996. “Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms.” Political Studies 44(5):936–57.Google Scholar
Hamlin, Rebecca. 2014. Let Me Be a Refugee: Administrative Justice and the Politics of Asylum in the United States, Canada, and Australia. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hammar, Thomas (Ed.). 1985. European Immigration Policy: A Comparative Study. Cambridge, Uk: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hampshire, James. 2013. “Immigration and the Liberal State.” Pp. 115 in The Politics of Immigration, edited by Hampshire, James. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Hannoum, Abdelmajid. 2020. Living Tangier. Migration, Race, and Illegality in a Moroccan City. Philadelphia, PA: Penn Press.Google Scholar
Hansen, Randall. 2002. “Globalization, Embedded Realism, and Path Dependence. The Other Immigrants to Europe.” Comparative Political Studies 35(3):259–83.Google Scholar
Harbeson, John W., Rothchild, Donald, and Chazan, Naomi (Eds.). 1994. Civil Society and the State in Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
Hart, David M. 2000. “Tribalism: The Backbone of the Moroccan Nation.” Pp. 722 in Tribe and Society in Rural Morocco, edited by Hart, David M.. London, UK: Frank Cass Publishers.Google Scholar
Hartigan, Kevin. 1992. “Matching Humanitarian Norms with Cold, Hard Interests: The Making of Refugee Policies in Mexico and Honduras, 1980–89.” International Organization 46(3):709–30.Google Scholar
Hassani-Idrissi, Mostafa. 2015. “Manuels d’histoire et identité nationale au Maroc.” Revue internationale d’éducation de Sèvres 69:5364.Google Scholar
Hassenteufel, Patrick. 2008. Sociologie politique: L’action publique. Paris, France: Armand Colin.Google Scholar
Haug, Sebastian, Braveboy-Wagner, Jacqueline, and Maihold, Günther. 2021. “The ‘Global South’ in the Study of World Politics: Examining a Meta Category.” Third World Quarterly 42(9):1923–44.Google Scholar
Haugen, Heidi O. 2015. “Destination China: The Country Adjusts to its New Migration Reality.” in Migration Information Source. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.Google Scholar
Haus, Leah. 1999. “Labor Unions and Immigration Policy in France.” International Migration Review 33(3):683716.Google Scholar
HCP. 2009. “Les résidents étrangers au Maroc.” Rabat, Morocco: Haut Commissariat au Plan (HCP).Google Scholar
HCP. 2015. “Note sur les premiers résultats du Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitat 2014.” Rabat, Morocco: Haut Commissariat au Plan (HCP).Google Scholar
HCP. 2020. “Résultats de l’Enquête Nationale sur la Migration Internationale 2018–2019.” Rabat, Morocco: Haut Commissariat au Plan (HCP).Google Scholar
Henninger, Jakob, and Römer, Friederike. 2021. “Choose Your Battles. How Civil Society Organisations Choose Context-Specific Goals and Activities to Fight for Immigrant Welfare Rights in Malaysia and Argentina.” Social Policy & Administration:1–17.Google Scholar
Herbst, Jeffrey. 2000. States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hertog, Steffen. 2013. “State and Private Sector in the GCC after the Arab Uprisings.” Journal of Arabian Studies 3(2):174–95.Google Scholar
Hibou, Béatrice. 2005. “The ‘Privatization’ of the State: North Africa in Comparative Perspective.” Pp. 7195 in The Dynamics of States: The Formation and Crises of State Domination, edited by Schlichte, Klaus. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Hibou, Béatrice. 2006. La force de l’obéissance: Economie politique de la répression en Tunisie. Paris, France: La Découverte.Google Scholar
Hibou, Béatrice. 2010. “Tunisia: Discipline and reform – I.” in Sociétés politiques comparées. Paris, France: FASOPO.Google Scholar
Hibou, Béatrice. 2015a. “La formation asymétrique de l’État en Tunisie. Les territoires de l’injustice.” Pp. 99149 in L’État d’injustice au Maghreb. Maroc et Tunisie, edited by Bono, Irene, Hibou, Béatrice, Meddeb, Hamza, and Tozy, Mohamed. Paris, France: Editions Karthala.Google Scholar
Hibou, Béatrice. 2015b. “Le bassin minier de Gafsa en déshérence : Gouverner le mécontentement social en Tunisie.” Pp. 301–77 in L’État d’injustice au Maghreb. Maroc et Tunisie, edited by Bono, Irene, Hibou, Béatrice, Meddeb, Hamza, and Tozy, Mohamed. Paris, France: CERI.Google Scholar
Hibou, Béatrice, and Tozy, Mohamed. 2015. “Une lecture wébérienne de la trajectoire de l’Etat au Maroc.” Sociétés politiques comparées – Revue européenne d’analyse des sociétés politiques 37:122.Google Scholar
Hicken, Allen. 2011. “Clientelism.” Annual Review of Political Science 14(1):289310.Google Scholar
Hinnebusch, Raymond. 2015. “Change and Continuity after the Arab Uprising: The Consequences of State Formation in Arab North African States.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 42(1):1230.Google Scholar
Hobson, John M. 2012. The Eurocentric Conception of World Politics: Western International Theory, 1760–2010. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hollifield, James F. 1992a. Immigrants, Markets, and States: The Political Economy of Postwar Europe. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hollifield, James F. 1992b. “Migration and International Relations: Cooperation and Control in the European Community.” International Migration Review 23(2):568–95.Google Scholar
Hollifield, James F. 2004. “The Emerging Migration State.” International Migration Review 38(3):885912.Google Scholar
HRW. 2014. “Abused and Expelled: Ill-Treatment of Sub-Saharan African Migrants in Morocco.” Human Rights Watch (HRW).Google Scholar
Hujo, Katja, and Piper, Nicola. 2007. “South–South Migration: Challenges for Development and Social Policy.” Development 50(4):1925.Google Scholar
Huysmans, Jef. 2009. The Politics of Insecurity. Fear, Migration and Asylum in the EU. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
IACE. 2016. “Rapport National sur l’Emploi 2016.” Tunis, Tunisia: Institut Arabe des Chefs d’Entreprise (IACE).Google Scholar
ILO. 2018. “Women and Men in the Informal Economy: A Statistical Picture (third edition).” Geneva, Switzerland: International Labor Organization (ILO).Google Scholar
Infantino, Federica. 2010. “La frontière au guichet. Politiques et pratiques des visas Schengen aux Consulat et à l’Ambassade d’Italie au Maroc.” Champ pénal / Penal field, nouvelle revue internationale de criminologie VII.Google Scholar
Infantino, Federica. 2011. “Les mondes des étudiants subsahariens au Maroc.” Pp. 101–19 in D’une Afrique à l’Autre: Migrations subsahariennes au Maroc, edited by Peraldi, Michel. Rabat, Morocco: Editions Karthala.Google Scholar
INS. 2015. “Recensement général de la Population et l’Habitat 2014.” Tunis, Tunisia: Institut National de la Statistique (INS).Google Scholar
IOM. 2012. “Humanitarian Response to the Libyan Crisis in 2011.” Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Migration.Google Scholar
IOM. 2013. “Etude exploratoire sur la traite des personnes en Tunisie.” Tunis, Tunisia: International Organization for Migration.Google Scholar
Iskander, Natasha. 2010. Creative State – Forty Years of Migration and Development Policy in Morocco and Mexico. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.Google Scholar
J.O.R.T. 2004. “Official Bulletin: Deliberations in Parliament – Draft Law Relating to the Revision and Completion of Law No. 40 of 1975 dated May 14, 1975 Concerning Passports.” Pp. 786–802, edited by Chambre des Représentants. Tunis, Tunisia: Republic of Tunisia.Google Scholar
J/TIP. 2017. “Trafficking in Persons Report – June 2017.” Washington, DC: Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, U.S. Department of State.Google Scholar
Jackson, Robert H., and Rosberg, Carl G.. 1982. “Why Africa’s Weak States Persist: The Empirical and the Juridical in Statehood.” World Politics 35(1):124.Google Scholar
Jaulin, Thibaut, and Nilsson, Björn. 2015. “Voter ici et là-bas : les Tunisiens à l’étranger depuis 2011.” Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales 31(3&4):4171.Google Scholar
Jones, Charles O. 1970. An Introduction to the Study of Public Policy. Belmont, CA: Duxbury Press.Google Scholar
Joppke, Christian. 1998. “Why Liberal States Accept Unwanted Immigration.” World Politics 50(2):266–93.Google Scholar
Joseph Mbembe, Achille. 2016. “Decolonizing the University: New Directions.” Arts and Humanities in Higher Education 15(1):2945.Google Scholar
Just, Aida. 2019. “Political Regimes and Immigrant Party Preferences.” Comparative Political Studies 52(5):651–86.Google Scholar
Karadağ, Sibel. 2019. “Extraterritoriality of European Borders to Turkey: An Implementation Perspective of Counteractive Strategies.” Comparative Migration Studies 7(1):12.Google Scholar
Karibi, Khadija. 2015. “Migrants subsahariens à Rabat, une entrée spatiale : l’épreuve des espaces publics.” Pp. 165–71 in Migrants au Maroc: Cosmopolitisme, présence d’étrangers et transformations sociales, edited by Khrouz, Nadia and Lanza, Nazarena. Rabat, Morocco: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung.Google Scholar
Kaur, Amarjit. 2014. “Managing Labour Migration in Malaysia: Guest Worker Programs and the Regularisation of Irregular Labour Migrants as a Policy Instrument.” Asian Studies Review 38(3):345–66.Google Scholar
Keck, Margaret E., and Sikkink, Kathryn. 1998. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Kemp, Adriana, and Kfir, Nelly. 2016. “Mobilizing Migrant Workers’ Rights in “Nonimmigration” Countries: The Politics of Resonance and Migrants’ Rights Activism in Israel and Singapore.” Law & Society Review 50(1):82116.Google Scholar
Khrouz, Nadia. 2011. “La situation des migrants subsahariens au Maghreb du point de vue des associations maghrébines.” Pp. 4352 in Le Maghreb et les migrations subsahariennes – Le role des associations et des syndicats, edited by Bustos, Rafael, Orozco, Olivia, Witte, Lothar, and Melzer, Ralf. Tunis, Tunisia: Fondation Friedrich Ebert (FES).Google Scholar
Khrouz, Nadia. 2016. “La pratique du droit des étrangers au Maroc : essai de praxéologie juridique et politique.” in Department of Political Sciences. France: Université Grenoble Alpes.Google Scholar
Khrouz, Nadia. 2019. L’étranger au Maroc: Droit et pratiques. Paris, France: L’Harmattan.Google Scholar
Kimball, Ann. 2007. “The Transit State: A Comparative Analysis of Mexican and Moroccan Immigration Policies.” San Diego, CA: The Center for Comparative Immigration Studies (CCIS).Google Scholar
King, Stephen J. 2003. Liberalization against Democracy: The Local Politics of Economic Reform in Tunisia. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Kingdon, John W. 2003. Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies. New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Klotz, Audie. 2012. “South Africa as an Immigration State.” Politikon 39(2):189208.Google Scholar
Klotz, Audie. 2013. Migration and National Identity in South Africa, 1860–2010. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Koch, Natalie. 2013. “Introduction – Field Methods in “Closed Contexts”: Undertaking Research in Authoritarian States and Places.” Area 45(4):390–39.Google Scholar
Kommers, Donald P. 2012. “Constitutions and National Identity.” The Review of Politics 74(1):127–33.Google Scholar
Krasner, Stephen. 1978. Defending the National Interest: Raw Materials Investments and US. Foreign Policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Laacher, Smain. 2007. Le peuple des clandestins. Paris: Calmann-Lévy.Google Scholar
Labidi, Lassaad, Bennour, Lotfi, and Jaidi, Ali. 2017. “L’emploi formet et informel des travailleurs immigrés en Tunisie: Cartographie et profils socio-économiques.” Tunis, Tunisia: Observatoire National de la Migration (ONM) & Bureau International du Travail (BIT) & Haut Commissariat des Droits de l’Homme (HCDH).Google Scholar
Lacroix, Thomas. 2004. “Contrôle et instrumentalisation de la société civile maghrébine: le cas du Maroc et de la Tunisie.” L’année du Maghreb I:100–15.Google Scholar
Lacroix, Thomas, Levitt, Peggy, and Vari-Lavoisier, Ilka. 2016. “Social Remittances and the Changing Transnational Political Landscape.” Comparative Migration Studies 4(16):15.Google Scholar
Lahlou, Mehdi. 2011. “Le Maghreb dans son environnement régional et international : Un schéma migratoire reconfiguré, dans les faits et dans l’approche politique.” Paris, France: Ifri-Programme Migrations, identités, citoyenneté.Google Scholar
Lanza, Nazarena. 2011. “Liens et échanges entre le Maroc et l’Afrique subsaharienne: Eléments pour une perspective historique.” Pp. 2135 in D’une Afrique à l’autre. Migrations subsahariennes au Maroc, edited by Peraldi, Michel. Paris, France: Karthala.Google Scholar
Laouali, Souley Mahamadou, and Meyer, Jean-Baptiste. 2012. “Le Maroc, pays d’accueil d’étudiants étrangers.” Hommes et migrations 1300:114–23.Google Scholar
Larsén, Magdalena Frennhoff. 2007. “Trade Negotiations between the EU and South Africa: A Three-level Game.” Journal of Common Market Studies 45(4):857–81.Google Scholar
Laube, Lena. 2019. “The Relational Dimension of Externalizing Border Control: Selective Visa Policies in Migration and Border Diplomacy.” Comparative Migration Studies 7(29):122.Google Scholar
Leca, Jean. 2012. “L’état entre politics, policies et polity ou peut-on sortir du triangle des Bermudes ?Gouvernement et action publique 1(1):5982.Google Scholar
Lemaire, Léa. 2019. “The European Dispositif of Border Control in Malta. Migrants’ Experiences of a Securitized Borderland.” Journal of Borderlands Studies 34(5):171732.Google Scholar
Levantino, Antonina. 2015. “Mobilité qualifiée et étudiante au Sud et au Nord de la Méditerranée.” Pp. 323–42 in Migrations en Méditerranée : Permanences et mutations à l’heure des révolutions et des crises, edited by Schmoll, Camille, Thiollet, Helene, and de Wenden, Catherine Wihtol. Paris, France: CNRS Editions.Google Scholar
Levitt, Peggy. 1998. “Social Remittances: Migration Driven Local-Level Forms of Cultural Diffusion.” International Migration Review 32(4):926–48.Google Scholar
Lewis, David. 2002. “Civil Society in African Contexts: Reflections on the Usefulness of a Concept.” Development and Change 33(4):569–86.Google Scholar
Lewis, David. 2013. “Civil Society and the Authoritarian State: Cooperation, Contestation and Discourse.” Journal of Civil Society 9(3):325–40.Google Scholar
Lipsky, Michael. 1980. Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Liu, Hong, and Van Dongen, Els. 2016. “China’s Diaspora Policies as a New Mode of Transnational Governance.” Journal of Contemporary China 25(102):805–21.Google Scholar
Lori, Noora. 2019. Offshore Citizens: Permanent Temporary Status in the Gulf. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Maerz, Seraphine F., Edgell, Amanda B., Wilson, Matthew C., Hellmeier, Sebastian, and Lindberg, Staffan I.. 2021. “A Framework for Understanding Regime Transformation: Introducing the ERT Dataset.” in V-Dem Working Paper No.113. Gothenburg, Sweden.Google Scholar
Manby, Bronwen. 2018. Citizenship in Africa. The Law of Belonging. Oxford, UK: Hart Publishing.Google Scholar
Marino, Stefania, Roosblad, Judith, and Penninx, Rinus (Eds.). 2017. Trade Unions and Migrant Workers: New Contexts and Challenges in Europe. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.Google Scholar
Marshall, Monty G., and Gurr, Ted Robert. 2020. “Polity5: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800–2018. Dataset Users’ Manual.” Center for Systemic Peace.Google Scholar
Marzouki, Nadia. 2016. “La transition tunisienne: du compromis démocratique à la réconciliation forcée.” Pouvoirs 156(1):8394.Google Scholar
MAS. 2013. “Stratégie Nationale de Migration (SNM).” edited by Secrétariat d’Etat aux Migrations et aux Tunisiens à l’Etranger (SEMTE). Tunis, Tunisia: Ministère des Affaires Sociales.Google Scholar
MAS. 2015. “Stratégie Nationale Migratoire (SNM).” edited by Secrétariat d’Etat chargé de la Migration et de l’Intégration Sociale (SEMIS). Tunis, Tunisia: Ministère des Affaires Sociales.Google Scholar
MAS. 2017. “Stratégie Nationale Migratoire (SNM).” edited by Secrétariat d’Etat Chargé de l’Immigration et des Tunisiens à l’Etranger (SEITE). Tunis, Tunisia: Ministère des Affaires Sociales.Google Scholar
Masbah, Mohammed. 2017. “A New Generation of Protests in Morocco? How Hirak al-Rif Endures.” Arab Reform Initiative (ARI).Google Scholar
Massey, Douglas S. 1999. “International Migration at the Dawn of the 21st Century: The Role of the State.” Population and Development Review 25(2):303–22.Google Scholar
Mayblin, Lucy, and Turner, Joe. 2020. Migration Studies and Colonialism. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Mazepus, Honorata, Veenendaal, Wouter, McCarthy-Jones, Anthea, and Vásquez, Juan Manuel Trak. 2016. “A Comparative Study of Legitimation Strategies in Hybrid Regimes.” Policy Studies 37(4):350–69.Google Scholar
Mazzella, Sylvie (Ed.). 2009. La mondialisation étudiante: le Maghreb entre Nord et Sud. Paris, France: Karthala.Google Scholar
Mbolela, Emmanuel. 2011. “La situation des migrants subsahariens au Maroc vécue et racontée par un migrant congolais.” Pp. 2333 in Le Maghreb et les migrations subsahariennes – Le role des associations et des syndicats, edited by Bustos, Rafael, Orozco, Olivia, Witte, Lothar, and Melzer, Ralf. Tunis, Tunisia: Fondation Friedrich Ebert (FES).Google Scholar
MCMREAM. 2014. “Stratégie Nationale d’Immigration et d’Asile (SNIA).” edited by Ministère Chargé des Marocains Résidents à l’Etrangers et des Affaires de la Migration. Rabat, Morocco: Royaume du Maroc.Google Scholar
MCMREAM. 2016. “Politique Nationale d’Immigration et d’Asile 2013–2016.” edited by Ministère Chargé des Marocains Résidant à l’Étranger et des Affaires de la Migration. Rabat, Morocco: Royaume du Maroc.Google Scholar
MCMREAM. 2018. “Politique Nationale d’Immigration et d’Asile: Rapport 2018.” edited by Chargé des Marocains Résidant à l’Étranger et des Affaires de la Migration Ministère Délégué auprès du Ministre des Affaires Etrangères et de la Coopération Internationale. Rabat, Morocco: Royaume du Maroc.Google Scholar
Meddeb, Hamza. 2012. “Courir ou mourir. Course à el khobza et domination au quotidien dans la Tunisie de Ben Ali.” in Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Internationales (CERI). Paris, France: Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris.Google Scholar
Menin, Laura. 2016. “‘Anti-black racism’: Debating Racial Prejudices and the Legacies of Slavery in Morocco.” in Shadows of Slavery in West Africa and Beyond Working Paper Series.Google Scholar
Merolla, Daniela. 2017. “Beyond ‘two Africas’ in African and Berber Literary Studies.” Pp. 215–34 in The Face of Africa, edited by van Beek, Wouter, Damen, Jos, and Foeken, Dick. Leiden, the Netherlands: Leiden University, African Studies Centre Leiden.Google Scholar
Meyers, Eytan. 2000. “Theories of International Immigration Policy – A Comparative Analysis.” International Migration Review 34(4):1245–82.Google Scholar
Migdal, Joel S. 2001. “The State-in-society Approach” in State in Society –Studying How States and Societies Transform and Constitute One Another. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Migdal, Joel S., and Schlichte, Klaus. 2005. “Rethinking the State.” Pp. 140 in The Dynamics of States: The Formation and Crises of State Domination, edited by Schlichte, Klaus. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Migreurop. 2006. “Guerre aux migrants – Le Livre Noir de Ceuta et Melilla.” Paris, France: Migreurop.Google Scholar
Miller, David. 2016. Strangers in Our Midst: The Political Philosophy of Immigration. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Miller, Michael K., and Peters, Margaret E.. 2014. “Migration Policy and Autocratic Power.” in Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Miller, Michael K., and Peters, Margaret E.. ‘2020. “Restraining the Huddled Masses: Migration Policy and Autocratic Survival.” British Journal for Political Science 50(2):403–33.Google Scholar
Milner, James H.S. 2006. “The Politics of Asylum in Africa: The Cases of Kenya, Tanzania and Guinea.” in Department of International Development. Oxford, United Kingdom: University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Milner, James H.S. 2009. Refugees, the State and the Politics of Asylum in Africa. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Mirilovic, Nikola. 2010. “The Politics of Immigration: Dictatorship, Development and Defense.” Comparative Politics 42(3):273–92.Google Scholar
Mirilovic, Nikola. 2015. “Regime Type, International Migration, and the Politics of Dual Citizenship Toleration.” International Political Science Review 36(5):510–25.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Christopher. 1989. “International Migration, International Relations and Foreign Policy.” International Migration Review 23(3):681708.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Christopher. (Ed.). 1992. Western Hemisphere Immigration and United States Foreign Policy. University Park: Penn State University Press.Google Scholar
MoE. 2013. “Circulaire n°13-487 du 9 octobre 2013 concernant l’intégration des élèves étrangers issus des pays du Sahel et subsahariens dans le système scolaire marocain.” edited by Ministère de l’Education Nationale. Rabat, Morocco.Google Scholar
Moghadam, Amin. 2018. “Politics of Citizenship and Migration in a Post-revolutionary Iran” in The Politics of Migration Policies: Towards an Empirically Grounded, Comparative Political Theory of Migration Politics, workshop held on 17–18 December 2018. Paris, France.Google Scholar
Mohamed, Mohamed Hassan. 2010. “Africanists and Africans of the Maghrib: Casualties of Analogy.” The Journal of North African Studies 15(3):349–74.Google Scholar
MoI. 2020. “Working Session between the Ministers of Interior and Social Affairs and the Minister to the Head of Government in charge of Human Rights and the Relationship with Constitutional Bodies and Civil Society on the Situation of Foreigners Residing in Tunisia, 7 April 2020.” Tunisia, Tunis: Ministry of Interior.Google Scholar
MoI, and MCMREAM. 2013. “Circulaire régissant l’opération exceptionnelle de régularisation de la situation de séjour des étrangers.” Rabat, Morocco.Google Scholar
Mongia, Radhika. 2018. Indian Migration and Empire. A Colonial Genealogy of the Modern State. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Monjib, Maâti. 2011. “The ‘Democratization’ Process in Morocco: Progress, Obstacles, and the Impact of the Islamist-Secularist Divide.” Saban Center for Middle East Policy, Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Mosler, Hannes B., and Pedroza, Luicy. 2016. “An Unexpected Pioneer in Asia: The Enfranchisement of Foreign Residents in South Korea.” Ethnopolitics 15(2):187210.Google Scholar
Mouley, Sami. 2016. “Étude qualitative d’évaluation de l’impact socioéconomique et des besoins des Libyens en Tunisie.” Tunis, Tunisia: International Organization for Migration (IOM) & Organisation National de la Migration (ONM).Google Scholar
Mourji, Fouzi, Ferrié, Jean-Noel, Radi, Saadia, and Alioua, Mehdi. 2016. “Les migrants subsahariens au Maroc : Enjeux d’une migration de résidence.” Rabat, Morocco: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V.Google Scholar
Moustafa, Tamir, and Ginsburg, Tom. 2008. “Introduction: The Functions of Courts in Authoritarian Politics.” in Rule by Law: The Politics of Courts in Authoritarian Regimes, edited by Ginsburg, Tom and Moustafa, Tamir. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mouthaan, Melissa. 2019. “Unpacking Domestic Preferences in the Policy-‘receiving’ State: the EU’s Migration Cooperation with Senegal and Ghana.” Comparative Migration Studies 7(1):35.Google Scholar
Mrad Dali, Inès. 2009. “Identités multiples et multitudes d’histoires : les « Noirs tunisiens » de 1846 à aujourd’hui.” Paris, France: EHESS.Google Scholar
Mrad Dali, Inès. 2015. “Les mobilisations des « Noirs tunisiens » au lendemain de la révolte de 2011.” Politique africaine 140:6181.Google Scholar
MSF. 2005. “Violence et immigration: Rapport sur l’immigration d’origine subsaharienne en situation irrégulière au Maroc.” Médecins sans Frontières.Google Scholar
MSF. 2013. “Violence, Vulnerability and Migration: Trapped at the Gates of Europe – A Report on the Situation of Sub-Saharan Migrants in an Irregular Situation in Morocco.” Médecins sans Frontières.Google Scholar
Murphy, Emma. 2013. “The Tunisian Elections of October 2011: A Democratic Consensus.” The Journal of North African Studies 18(2):231–47.Google Scholar
Murphy, Emma. 2014. “The Foreign Policy of Tunisia.” Pp. 233–57 in The Foreign Policies of Middle East States, edited by Hinnebusch, Raymond and Ehteshami, Anoushiravan. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
MVI. 2001. “Discours de SM le Roi Mohammed VI à Ajdir Izayane (province de Khénifra) le 17 octobre 2001.” Moroccan King Mohammed VI.Google Scholar
MVI. 2016. “Discours de SM le Roi à la nation à l’occasion du 63ème anniversaire de la Révolution du Roi et du Peuple of 20 August 2016.” Moroccan King Mohammed VI.Google Scholar
MVI. 2018. “SM le Roi adresse un message au 30è sommet de l’Union africaine (UA) le 29 Janvier 2018.” Moroccan King Mohammed VI.Google Scholar
Mzali, Hassen. 1997. “Marché du travail, migrations internes et internationales en Tunisie.” Revue Région et Développement 6:151–83.Google Scholar
Nasraoui, Mustapha. 2016. “La situation socio-économique des travailleurs subsahariens en Tunisie.” Tunis, Tunisia: Division de la Migration et de la Coopération Internationale, Union Générale des Travailleurs Tunisiens (UGTT) & Maison du droit et des migrations, Terre d’Asile Tunisie (TAT).Google Scholar
Nassar, Jessy, and Stel, Nora. 2019. “Lebanon’s Response to the Syrian Refugee Crisis – Institutional Ambiguity as a Governance Strategy,.” Political Geography 70:4454.Google Scholar
Natter, Katharina. 2014a. “Fifty Years of Maghreb Emigration: How States Shaped Algerian, Moroccan and Tunisian Emigration.” Oxford, UK: International Migration Institute, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Natter, Katharina. 2014b. “The Formation of Morocco’s Policy Towards Irregular Migration (2000–2007): Political Rationale and Policy Processes.” International Migration 52(5):1528.Google Scholar
Natter, Katharina. 2015a. “Almost Home? Morocco’s Incomplete Migration Reforms.” in World Politics Review.Google Scholar
Natter, Katharina. 2015b. “Revolution and Political Transition in Tunisia: A Migration Game Changer.” in Migration Information Source. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.Google Scholar
Natter, Katharina. 2018a. “Autocratic Immigration Policymaking: The Illiberal Paradox Hypothesis.” in IMIn Working Paper 147 Amsterdam, The Netherlands: International Migration Institute Network (IMIn).Google Scholar
Natter, Katharina. 2018b. “Rethinking Immigration Policy Theory Beyond ‘Western Liberal Democracies’.” Comparative Migration Studies 6(4):121.Google Scholar
Natter, Katharina. 2021a. “Ad-hocratic Immigration Governance: How States Secure Their Power over Immigration through Intentional Ambiguity.” Territory, Politics, Governance.Google Scholar
Natter, Katharina. 2021b. “Crafting a ‘liberal monarchy’: Regime Consolidation and Immigration Policy Reform in Morocco.” Journal of North African Studies 26(5):850–74.Google Scholar
Natter, Katharina. 2021c. “Tunisia’s Migration Politics Throughout the 2011 Revolution: Revisiting the Democratisation – Migrant Rights Nexus.” Third World Quarterly.Google Scholar
Natter, Katharina, and Thiollet, Hélène. 2022. “Migration Politics Across the World.” Third World Quarterly 43(7): 15151665.Google Scholar
Naujoks, Daniel. 2013. Migration, Citizenship and Development – Diasporic Membership Policies and Overseas Indians in the United States. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Naujoks, Daniel. 2018. “Immigration and Refugee Governance in India.” in The Politics of Migration Policies: Towards an Empirically Grounded, Comparative Political Theory of Migration Politics, workshop held on 17–18 December 2018. Paris, France.Google Scholar
Nawyn, Stephanie J. 2016. “Migration in the Global South: Exploring New Theoretical Territory.” International Journal of Sociology 46(2):8184.Google Scholar
Norman, Kelsey P. 2016a. “Between Europe and Africa: Morocco as a Country of Immigration.” The Journal of the Middle East and Africa 7(4):421–39.Google Scholar
Norman, Kelsey P. 2016b. “Migration to MENA Host States: Examining Engagement Practices in Egypt, Morocco & Turkey.” in APSA 2016 Annual Meeting.Google Scholar
Norman, Kelsey P. 2019. “Inclusion, Exclusion or Indifference? Redefining Migrant and Refugee Host State Engagement Options in Mediterranean ‘Transit’ Countries.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 45(1):4260.Google Scholar
Norman, Kelsey P. 2020a. “Migration Diplomacy and Policy Liberalization in Morocco and Turkey.” International Migration Review.Google Scholar
Norman, Kelsey P. 2020b. Reluctant Reception: Refugees, Migration and Governance in the Middle East and North Africa. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Olson, Mancur Jr. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. New York, NJ: Schocken Books.Google Scholar
ONM. 2020. “Data Portal: Tunisiens résidant à l’Etranger.” Tunis, Tunisia: Ministry of Social Affairs: Observatoire National de la Migration (ONM).Google Scholar
OTE/DIRP. 2012. “Répartition de la communauté tunisienne à l’étranger 2012.” Tunis, Tunisia: Office des Tunisien a l’Etranger (OTE), Direction de l’Information et des Relations Publiques (DIRP).Google Scholar
Owen, Roger. 2004. State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East. London, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Palier, Bruno, and Surel, Yves. 2005. “Les « trois I » et l’analyse de l’État en action.” Revue française de science politique 1(55):732.Google Scholar
Paoletti, Emanuela. 2011. “Migration and Foreign Policy: The Case of Libya.” Journal of North African Studies 16(2):215–31.Google Scholar
Parliament. 2014. “214th session of oral questions of the Moroccan Parliament, 2 December 2014.” Rabat, Morocco: Chambre des Représentants.Google Scholar
Patterson, Lee Ann. 1997. “Agricultural Policy Reform in the European Community: A Three-level Game Analysis.” International Organization 51(1):135–65.Google Scholar
Perkins, Kenneth J. 2004. A History of Modern Tunisia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Perlmutter, Ted. 1996. “Bringing Parties Back in: Comments on `Modes of Immigration Politics in Liberal Democratic Societies’.” International Migration Review 30(1):375–88.Google Scholar
Perrin, Delphine. 2009. “Immigration et création juridique au Maghreb: La fragmentation des mondes et des droits.” Pp. 245–65 in Le Maghreb à l’épreuve des migrations subsahariennes, edited by Bensaâd, Ali. Paris, France: Karthala.Google Scholar
Peters, Margaret E. 2017. Trading Barriers: Immigration and the Remaking of Globalization. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Pierson, Paul. 2000. “Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics.” The American Political Science Review 94(2):251–67.Google Scholar
Pierson, Paul, and Skocpol, Theda. 2002. “Historical Institutionalism in Contemporary Political Science.” Pp. 693721 in Political Science: The State of the Discipline, edited by Katznelson, Ira and Milner, Helen V.. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar
Piper, Nicola. 2006. “Migrant Worker Activism in Singapore and Malaysia: Freedom of Association and the Role of the State.” Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 15(3):359–80.Google Scholar
Planes-Boissac, Véronique. 2012a. “Asylum and Migration in the Maghreb – Country Fact Sheet: Morocco.” Copenhagen, Denmark: Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network (EMHRN).Google Scholar
Planes-Boissac, Véronique. 2012b. “Asylum and Migration in the Maghreb – Country Fact Sheet: Tunisia.” Copenhagen, Denmark: Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network (EMHRN).Google Scholar
PNPM. 2014. “L’opération de régularisation à mi-parcours.” Rabat, Morocco: Plateforme Nationale Protection Migrants (PNPM).Google Scholar
Pomeranz, Kenneth. 2000. The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Portes, Alejandro, and Walton, John. 1981. Labor, Class, and the International System. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Pouessel, Stéphanie. 2012a. “Les marges renaissantes : Amazigh, juif, Noir. Ce que la révolution a changé dans ce “petit pays homogène par excellence” qu’est la Tunisie.” L’Année du Maghreb 8:143–60.Google Scholar
Pouessel, Stéphanie. (Ed.). 2012b. Noirs au Maghreb: Enjeux identitaires. Tunis, Tunisia: IRMC – Karthala.Google Scholar
Pouessel, Stéphanie. 2016. “Le national à distance. Circulation de normes et réécriture du politique de la Tunisie.” L’année du Maghreb 14(1):169–86.Google Scholar
Putnam, Robert D. 1988. “Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games.” International Organization 42(3):427–60.Google Scholar
Ramadan, Adam. 2008. “The Guests’ Guests: Palestinian Refugees, Lebanese Civilians, and the War of 2006.” Antipode 40(4):658–77.Google Scholar
R. C. 2013. “Communiqué du 9 Septembre: SM le Roi préside à Casablanca une séance de travail consacrée à l’examen des divers volets relatifs à la problématique de l’immigration au Maroc.” Rabat, Morocco: Royal Cabinet.Google Scholar
Redissi, Hamadi. 2007. “Etat fort, société civile faible en Tunisie.” Maghreb-Machrek 192:89117.Google Scholar
Regragui, Ismaïl. 2013. La diplomatie publique marocaine: Une stratégie de marque religieuse? Paris, France: L’Harmattan.Google Scholar
Reslow, Natasja. 2013. “Partnering for Mobility? Three-level Games in EU External Migration Policy.” in Department of Political Science. Maastricht, the Netherlands: Maastricht University.Google Scholar
Reslow, Natasja. 2019. “Transformation or Continuity? EU External Migration Policy in the Aftermath of the Migration Crisis.” Pp. 95115 in Constitutionalising the External Dimensions of EU Migration Policies in Times of Crisis edited by Carrera, Sergio, Vara, Juan Santos, and Strik, Tineke. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.Google Scholar
Reslow, Natasja, and Vink, Maarten. 2015. “Three-Level Games in EU External Migration Policy: Negotiating Mobility Partnerships in West Africa.” Journal of Common Market Studies 53(4):857–74.Google Scholar
Risse, Thomas, Ropp, Stephen C., and Sikkink, Kathryn (Eds.). 1999. The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Roman, Emanuela, and Pastore, Ferruccio. 2018. “Analysing Migration Policy Frames of Tunisian Civil Society Organizations: How Do They Evaluate EU Migration Policies?” in MEDRESET Working Paper No. 14.Google Scholar
Roniger, Luis. 2004. “Political Clientelism, Democracy, and Market Economy.” Comparative Politics:353–75.Google Scholar
Rosenblum, Marc R. 2004a. “The Intermestic Politics of Immigration Policy: Lessons from the Bracero Program.” Pp. 139–82 in Political Power and Social Theory, edited by Diane, E. Davis. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.Google Scholar
Rosenblum, Marc R. 2004b. “Moving Beyond the Policy of No Policy: Emigration from Mexico and Central America.” Latin American Politics and Society 46(4):91125.Google Scholar
Rosenblum, Marc R., and Salehyan, Idean. 2004. “Norms and Interests in US Asylum Enforcement.” Journal of Peace Research 41(6):677–97.Google Scholar
Rousselet, Lélia. 2015. “La ‘stratégie africaine’ du Maroc: un nouveau rôle pour la politique étrangère marocaine?” in Political Science. Paris, France: SciencesPo.Google Scholar
Ruhs, Martin. 2011. “Openness, Skills and Rights: An Empirical Analysis of Labour Immigration Programmes in 46 High- and Middle-Income Countries “ in COMPAS Working Paper Series. Oxford, UK: COMPAS, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Ruhs, Martin. 2013. “The Rights of Migrant Workers Reframing the Debate.” Pp. 112 in The Price of Rights – Regulating International Labor Migration. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Russell, Sharon S. 1989. “Politics and Ideology in Migration Policy Formulation: The Case of Kuwait.” International Migration Review 23(1):2447.Google Scholar
Sadiq, Kamal. 2005. “When States Prefer Non-Citizens over Citizens: Conflict over Illegal Immigration into Malaysia.” International Studies Quarterly 49(1):101–22.Google Scholar
Sadiq, Kamal, and Tsourapas, Gerasimos. 2021. “The Postcolonial Migration State.” European Journal of International Relations 27(3):884912.Google Scholar
Sahraoui, Nina. 2015. “Acquiring ‘voice’ through ‘exit’: How Moroccan Emigrants Became a Driving Force of Political and Socio-economic Change.” Journal of North African Studies 20(4):522–39.Google Scholar
Salamé, Ghassan. 2002. The Foundations of the Arab State. Oxon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sanyal, Romola. 2018. “Managing through ad hoc Measures: Syrian Refugees and the Politics of Waiting in Lebanon.” Political Geography 66:6775.Google Scholar
Sassen, Saskia. 1996. “Beyond Sovereignty: Immigration Policy-Making Today.” Social Justice 23(3):920.Google Scholar
Sater, James N. 2002. “The Dynamics of State and Civil Society in Morocco.” Journal of North African Studies 7(3):101–18.Google Scholar
Sayad, Abdelmalek. 1999. “Immigration et pensée d’Etat.” Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 129:514.Google Scholar
Scaglioni, Marta. 2017. “‘I Wish I Did Not Understand Arabic!’ Living as a Black Migrant in Contemporary Tunisia.” in Shadows of Slavery in West Africa and Beyond Working Paper Series.Google Scholar
Schäfer, Isabel. 2017. “Les partis politiques tunisiens: Fragmentés, autocentrés et à la recherche d’un profil.” in Programme régional dialogue politique sud Mediterranée. Berlin, Germany: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e. V.Google Scholar
Schultz, Caroline. 2020. “Ambiguous Goals, Uneven Implementation – How Immigration Offices Shape Internal Immigration Control in Germany.” Comparative Migration Studies 8(10):118.Google Scholar
Sciortino, Guiseppe. 2004. “Between Phantoms and Necessary Evils. Some Critical Points in the Study of Irregular Migrations to Western Europe.” IMIS-Beiträge 24:1744.Google Scholar
Seawright, Jason, and Gerring, John. 2008. “Case Selection Techniques in Case Study Research: A Menu of Qualitative and Quantitative Options.” Political Research Quarterly 61(2):294308.Google Scholar
Seeley, Nicholas. 2010. “The Politics of Aid to Iraqi Refugees in Jordan.” in Middle East Report 256. Richmond, VA: Middle East Research and Information Project (MERIP).Google Scholar
Sefrioui, Houcine. 1973. La condition des étrangers au Maroc. Casablanca, Morocco: Dar El Kitab.Google Scholar
Seklani, Mahmoud. 1974. “La population de la Tunisie.” Paris, France: Comité International de Coordination des Recherches Nationales de Démographie (CICRED).Google Scholar
Shih, Victor. 2015. “Research in Authoritarian Regimes: Transparency Tradeoffs and Solutions.” Pp. 2022 in Newsletter of the American Political Science Association Organized Section for Qualitative and Multi-Method Research. American Political Science Association 13.Google Scholar
Shin, Adrian J. 2017. “Tyrants and Migrants: Authoritarian Immigration Policy.” Comparative Political Studies 50(1):1440.Google Scholar
Sidi Hida, Bouchra. 2015. “Migration au Maroc et faits du « printemps arabe » : cas des Syriens.” Pp. 111–18 in Migrants au Maroc: Cosmopolitisme, présence d’étrangers et transformations sociales, edited by Khrouz, Nadia and Lanza, Nazarena. Rabat, Morocco: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung.Google Scholar
Skleparis, Dimitris. 2016. “(In)securitization and Illiberal Practices on the Fringe of the EU.” European Security 25(1):92111.Google Scholar
Skocpol, Theda. 1985. “Bringing the State Back In: Strategies and Analysis in Current Research.” Pp. 337 in Bringing the State Back In, edited by Evans, Peter B., Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, and Skocpol, Theda. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Slagter, Jonathan. 2019. “An ‘Informal’ Turn in the European Union’s Migrant Returns Policy towards Sub-Saharan Africa.” in Migration Information Source. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute. www.migrationpolicy.org/article/eu-migrant-returns-policy-towards-sub-saharan-africaGoogle Scholar
Solomon, Peter H. 2007. “Courts and Judges in Authoritarian Regimes.” World Politics 60(1):122–45.Google Scholar
Song, Sarah. 2019. Immigration and Democracy. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Soysal, Yasemin N. 1994. Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Stel, Nora. 2020. Hybrid Political Order and the Politics of Uncertainty: Refugee Governance in Lebanon. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Stel, Nora. 2021. “Uncertainty, Exhaustion, and Abandonment beyond South/North Divides: Governing Forced Migration through Strategic Ambiguity.” Political Geography 88:102391.Google Scholar
Stepan, Alfred. 1981. The State and Society: Peru in Comparative Perspective. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Stock, I., Üstübici, A., and Schultz, S.U.. 2019. “Externalization at Work: Responses to Migration Policies from the Global South.” Comparative Migration Studies 7(48):19.Google Scholar
Taing, Jean-Pierre 2015. “Les migrations chinoises au Maroc : les commerçants séjourneurs de Casablanca.” Pp. 4551 in Migrants au Maroc: Cosmopolitisme, présence d’étrangers et transformations sociales, edited by Khrouz, Nadia and Lanza, Nazarena. Rabat, Morocco: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung.Google Scholar
Tansey, Oisin. 2007. “Process Tracing and Elite Interviewing: A Case for Non-probability Sampling.” PS: Political Science and Politics 40(4):765–72.Google Scholar
Tarrow, Sidney. 2010. “The Strategy of Paired Comparison: Toward a Theory of Practice.” Comparative Political Studies 43(2):230–59.Google Scholar
TAT. 2016. “Portraits de migrants – Description de l’immigration en Tunisie par les migrants accompagnés à la permanence d’accueil de TAT de janvier 2014 à mars 2016.” Tunis, Tunisia: Terre d’Asile Tunisie.Google Scholar
TAT. 2018. “Attentes et satisfaction des étudiants subsahariens en Tunisie: Des portes qui s’ouvrent, des opportunités à saisir.” Tunis, Tunisia: Terre d’Asile Tunisie.Google Scholar
Taylor, Charles. 1998. “The Dynamics of Democratic Exclusion.” Journal of Democracy 9(4):143–56.Google Scholar
Teitelbaum, Michael S. 1984. “Immigration, Refugees, and Foreign Policy.” International Organization 38(3):429–50.Google Scholar
Therrien, Catherine, and Pellegrini, Chloé. 2015. “French Migrants in Morocco: From a Desire for Elsewhereness to an Ambivalent Reality.” Journal of North African Studies 20(4):605–21.Google Scholar
Thiollet, Helene. 2019. “Immigrants, Markets, Brokers, and States: The Politics of Illiberal Migration Governance in the Arab Gulf.” in International Migration Institute Working Paper 155. Amsterdam, NL: International Migration Institute, University of Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Thiollet, Hélène. 2011. “Migration as Diplomacy: Labour Migrants, Refugees, and Arab Regional Politics in the Oil-Rich Countries.” International Labor and Working-Class History 79:103–21.Google Scholar
Thiollet, Hélène. 2015. “Migration et (contre)révolution dans le Golfe: Politiques migratoires et politiques de l’emploi en Arabie saoudite.” Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales 31(3):121–43.Google Scholar
Thiollet, Hélène. 2016. “Managing Migrant Labour in the Gulf: Transnational Dynamics of Migration Politics since the 1930s.” in IMI Working Paper 131. Oxford, UK: International Migration Institute.Google Scholar
Thiollet, Hélène. 2021. “Migrants and Monarchs: Regime Survival, State Transformation and Migration Politics in Saudi Arabia.” Third World Quarterly:1–21.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles. 1975. “Reflections on the History of European State-Making.” Pp. 383 in The Formation of National States in Western Europe, edited by Tilly, Charles. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles. 1992. Coercion, Capital and European States, A.D. 990–1992. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Timmermans, Stefan, and Tavory, Iddo. 2012. “Theory Construction in Qualitative Research: From Grounded Theory to Abductive Analysis.” Sociological Theory 30(3):167–86.Google Scholar
Toğral Koca, Burcu. 2016. “Syrian Refugees in Turkey: From ‘guests’ to ‘enemies’?New Perspectives on Turkey 54:5575.Google Scholar
Torpey, John. 1997. “Coming and Going: On the State Monopolization of the Legitimate ‘Means of Movement’.” Sociological Theory 16(3):239–59.Google Scholar
Touhami, Habib. n.d. “Migrations interieures: Evolution, axe et effets demographiques.”Google Scholar
Trimberger, Ellen. 1978. Revolution from Above: Military Bureaucrats and Development in Japan, Turkey, Egypt, and Peru. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.Google Scholar
Tsourapas, Gerasimos. 2017. “Migration Diplomacy in the Global South: Cooperation, Coercion and Issue Linkage in Gaddafi’s Libya.” Third World Quarterly 38(10):2367–85.Google Scholar
Tsourapas, Gerasimos. 2018. “Authoritarian Emigration States: Soft Power and Cross-Border Mobility in the Middle East.” International Political Science Review 39(3):400–16.Google Scholar
Tsourapas, Gerasimos. 2019a. The Politics of Migration in Modern Egypt: Strategies for Regime Survival in. Autocracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tsourapas, Gerasimos. 2019b. “The Syrian Refugee Crisis and Foreign Policy Decision-Making in Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey.” Journal of Global Security Studies 4(4):464–81.Google Scholar
Tsourapas, Gerasimos. 2020. “Global Autocracies: Strategies of Transnational Repression, Legitimation, and Co-Optation in World Politics.” International Studies Review 23(3):616–44.Google Scholar
Tyszler, Elsa. 2015. “Ceuta & Melilla, centres de tri à ciel ouvert aux portes de l’Afrique – Rapport conjoint Migreurop-GADEM.” Migreurop/Le Groupe antiraciste d’accompagnement et de défense des étrangers et migrants (GADEM).Google Scholar
Umpierrez de Reguero, Sebastián A., Yener-Roderburg, Inci Öykü, and Cartagena, Vivian. 2021. “Political Regimes and External Voting Rights: A Cross-National Comparison.” Frontiers in Political Science 3(10):115.Google Scholar
UN-HRC. 2019. “Report of the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance. Visit to Morocco.” New York: United Nations, Human Rights Council.Google Scholar
UNDESA. 2019. “International Migration 2019.” New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.Google Scholar
UNHCR. 2000. “Chapter 2: Decolonisation in Africa.” in The State of The World’s Refugees 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action, edited by UNHCR.Google Scholar
UNHCR. 2013. “Leaving Libya – A review of UNHCR’s emergency operation in Tunisia and Egypt, 2011–2012.” Geneva, Switzerland: Policy Development and Evaluation Service, UNHCR.Google Scholar
UNHCR. 2015. “Operational Update – Morocco, October/December 2015.”Google Scholar
UNHCR. 2020a. “Factsheet – Morocco, September 2020.” Rabat, Morocco: UNHCR.Google Scholar
UNHCR. 2020b. “Factsheet – Tunisia, September 2020.” Tunis, Tunisia: UNHCR.Google Scholar
UNHCR. 2021. “Global Trends. Forced Displacement in 2020.” Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.Google Scholar
Üstübici, Aysen. 2015. “Dynamics in Emigration and Immigration Policies of Morocco: A Double Engagement.” Migration and Development 4(2):238–55.Google Scholar
Üstübici, Aysen. 2016. “Political Activism between Journey and Settlement: Irregular Migrant Mobilisation in Morocco.” Geopolitics 21(2):303–24.Google Scholar
Üstübici, Aysen. 2018. The Governance of International Migration: Irregular Migrants’ Access to Right to Stay in Turkey and Morocco. Amsterdam, NL: Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar
V-Dem. 2021. “Autocratization Turns Viral. Democracy Report 2021.” Gothenburg, Sweden: University of Gothenburg, Varieties of Democracy Institute.Google Scholar
Vairel, Frédéric. 2004. “Le Maroc des années de plomb : équité et réconciliation?Politique africaine 96(4):181–95.Google Scholar
Vairel, Frédéric. 2013. “Protesting in Authoritarian Situations: Egypt and Morocco in Comparative Perspective” in Social Movements, Mobilization, and Contestation in the Middle East and North Africa, edited by Beinin, J. and Vairel, F.. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Valluy, Jérôme. 2007. “Le HCR au Maroc : acteur de la politique européenne d’externalisation de l’asile.” L’Année du Maghreb III:547–75.Google Scholar
Van Dongen, Els. 2018. “Notes for a Comparative Research Agenda: Four Key Points from Chinese Migration Policies” in The Politics of Migration Policies: Towards an Empirically Grounded, Comparative Political Theory of Migration Politics, workshop held on 17–18 December 2018. Paris, France.Google Scholar
Vermeren, Pierre. 2002. Le Maroc en transition. Paris, France: La Découverte.Google Scholar
Vermeren, Pierre. 2011. Le Maroc de Mohammed VI: La transition inachevée. Paris, France: La Découverte.Google Scholar
Vezzoli, Simona, and Flahaux, Marie-Laurence. 2017. “How Do Post-Colonial Ties and Migration Regimes Shape Travel visa Requirements? The Case of Caribbean Nationals.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 43(7):1141–63.Google Scholar
Vignati, Davide. 2009. “Role, Influence and Use of the Media in Policy-Making Process for Migration Issues in Sending and Transit Countries in the Mediterranean.” Geneva, Switzerland: Graduate Institute for International Studies of Geneva.Google Scholar
Vigneswaran, Darshan. 2018. “The Complex Sources of Immigration Control.” in The Politics of Migration Policies: Towards an Empirically Grounded, Comparative Political Theory of Migration Politics, workshop held on 17–18 December 2018. Paris, France.Google Scholar
Vigneswaran, Darshan. 2020. “Migrant Protection Regimes: Beyond Advocacy and towards Exit in Thailand.” Review of International Studies 46(5):652–71.Google Scholar
Vigneswaran, Darshan, and Quirk, Joel (Eds.). 2015. Mobility Makes States: Migration and Power in Africa. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1974. The Modern World-System. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Waltz, Susan E. 1995. Human Rights and Reform: Changing the Face of North African Politics. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Waterbury, John. 1970. The Commander of the Faithful: The Moroccan Political Elite. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. 1922. “Kapitel IX. Herrschaftssoziologie.” in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Zweiter Teil.Google Scholar
Weiner, Myron. 1985. “On International Migration and International Relations.” Population and Development Review 11(3):441–55.Google Scholar
Weyel, Silja. 2015. “Labour Market Integration of sub-Saharan Migrants in Morocco: The Case of Call-centres.” Pp. 8895 in Migrants au Maroc: Cosmopolitisme, présence d’étrangers et transformations sociales, edited by Khrouz, Nadia and Lanza, Nazarena. Rabat, Morocco: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung.Google Scholar
Weyland, Kurt. 2009. “The Diffusion of Revolution: ‘1848’ in Europe and Latin America.” International Organization 63(3):391423.Google Scholar
Weyland, Kurt. 2012. “The Arab Spring: Why the Surprising Similarities with the Revolutionary Wave of 1848?Perspectives on Politics 10(4):917–34.Google Scholar
Whitaker, Beth Elise. 2005. “Citizens and Foreigners: Democratization and the Politics of Exclusion in Africa.” African Studies Review 48(1):109–26.Google Scholar
Willis, Michael J. 2002. “Political Parties in the Maghrib: The Illusion of Significance?The Journal of North African Studies 7(2):122.Google Scholar
Willis, Michael J. 2012. Politics and Power in the Maghreb. Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco from Independence to the Arab Spring. London, UK: Hurst & Company.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2020. “World Development Indicators.” Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Wunderlich, Daniel. 2010. “Differentiation and Policy Convergence against Long Odds: Lessons from Implementing EU Migration Policy in Morocco.” Mediterranean Politics 15(2):249–72.Google Scholar
Wyrtzen, Jonathan. 2014. “Colonial Legacies, National Identity, and Challenges for Multiculturalism in the Contemporary Maghreb.” Pp. 1734 in Multiculturalism and Democracy in North Africa: Aftermath of the Arab Spring, edited by Ennaji, Moha. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Yardımcı-Geyikçi, Şebnem, and Tür, Özlem. 2018. “Rethinking the Tunisian Miracle: A Party Politics View.” Democratization 25(5):787803.Google Scholar
Yerkes, Sarah. 2017. “Democracy Derailed?” Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Google Scholar
Yerkes, Sarah. 2020. “Tunisia: General Overview of the Country.” Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Google Scholar
Young, Crawford. 1994. The African Colonial State in Comparative Perspective. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Youssef, Maro. 2018. “A Murky State-Civil Society Relationship in Tunisia.” Open Democracy.Google Scholar
Zartman, William I. 1988. “Opposition as a Support of the State.” Pp. 6187 in Beyond Coercion: The Durability of the Arab State, edited by Dawisha, Adeed and Zartman, William I.. London, UK: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. 2006. “The Inventions of African Identities and Languages: The Discursive and Developmental Implications.” Pp. 1426 in Selected Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, edited by Arasanyin, Olaoba F. and Pemberton, Michael A.. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Google Scholar
Zemni, Sami. 2016. “From Revolution to Tunisianité: Who is the Tunisian People? Creating Hegemony through Compromise.” Middle East Law and Governance 8(2–3):131–50.Google Scholar
Zhou, Yang-Yang, and Grossman, Guy. 2021. “When Refugee Exposure Increases Incumbent Support Through Development: Evidence from Uganda.” OSF Preprints.Google Scholar
Zolberg, Aristide R. 1978. “International Migration Policies in a Changing World System.” Pp. 241–86 in Human Migration: Patterns and Policies, edited by McNeill, William H. and Adams, Ruth S. London, UK: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Zolberg, Aristide R. 2006. A Nation by Design – Immigration Policy in the Fashioning of America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Katharina Natter, Universiteit Leiden
  • Book: The Politics of Immigration Beyond Liberal States
  • Online publication: 12 January 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009262668.016
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Katharina Natter, Universiteit Leiden
  • Book: The Politics of Immigration Beyond Liberal States
  • Online publication: 12 January 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009262668.016
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Katharina Natter, Universiteit Leiden
  • Book: The Politics of Immigration Beyond Liberal States
  • Online publication: 12 January 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009262668.016
Available formats
×