Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T20:59:20.488Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 November 2017

Gladys L. Mitchell-Walthour
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Politics of Blackness
Racial Identity and Political Behavior in Contemporary Brazil
, pp. 248 - 262
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Affigne, Tony. 2014The Latino Voice in Political Analysis, 1970–2014: From Exclusion to Empowerment. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Aguilar, Rosario, Cunow, Saul, Desposato, Scott, and Barone, Leonardo. 2015. “Ballot Structure, Candidate Race, and Vote Choice in Brazil.” Latin American Research Review 50(3): 175202.Google Scholar
Alexander, Michelle. 2012. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press.Google Scholar
Almeida, Alberto Carlos. 2007. A Cabeça do Brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Record.Google Scholar
Alves, Jaime. 2014. “From Necropolis to Blackpolis: Necropolitical Governance and Black Spatial Praxis in São Paulo, Brazil.” Antipode 46(2): 323339.Google Scholar
Anderson, Mark. 2009. Black and Indigenous: Garifuna Activism and Consumer Culture in Honduras. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Andrews, George Reid. 1991. Blacks and Whites in Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1888–1988. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Angel, Ronald J. 2014. “The Rise of Ethnic Politics in Latin America.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 37(10): 18841886.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arcand, Jean-Louis, and D’Hombres, Béatrice. 2004. “Racial Discrimination in the Brazilian Labour Market: Wage, Employment and Segregation Effects.” Journal of International Development 16(8): 10531066.Google Scholar
Arias, Omar, Yamada, Gustavo, and Tejerina, Luis. 2004. “Education, Family Background and Racial Earnings Inequality in Brazil.” International Journal of Manpower 25(3/4): 355374.Google Scholar
Arruda, Roldão. 2014. “População negra é maior beneficiária dos programas sociais.” Estadão, October 15, http://politica.estadao.com.br/blogs/roldao-arruda/populacao-negra-e-maior-beneficiaria-dos-programas-sociais/ (accessed December 11, 2016).Google Scholar
Azevedo, Thales de. 1996 [1953]. As Elites de Cor Numa Cidade Brasileira: Um Estudo de Ascensão Social e Classes Sociais e Grupos de Prestígio. Salvador: Editoria da Universidade Federal da Bahia.Google Scholar
Bailey, Stanley R., and Telles, Edward E.. 2006Multiracial vs. Collective Black Categories: Census Classification Debates in Brazil.” Ethnicities 6: 74101.Google Scholar
Bailey, Stanley, Loveman, Mara, and Muniz, Jeronimo. 2013. “Measures of ‘Race’ and the Analysis of Racial Inequality in Brazil.” Social Science Research 42(1): 106119.Google Scholar
Bailey, Stanley. 2009a. Legacies of Race: Identities, Attitudes, and Politics in Brazil. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Bailey, Stanley. 2009b. “Public Opinion on Nonwhite Underrepresentation and Racial Identity Politics in Brazil.” Latin American Politics and Society 51(4): 6999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bairros, Luiza. 1991. “Mulher Negra: O Reforço da Subordinação.” In Desigualdade Racial no Brasil Contemporâneo, ed. Lovell, Peggy, 177193. Belo Horizonte: MGSP Editores, Ltda.Google Scholar
Bancario Rio. 2013. Salvador Tem Maior População e é a Mais Discriminada. Online Bancario. November 2. http://www.bancariosrio.org.br/2013/ultimas-noticias/item/25008-salvador-tem-maior-populacao-negro-do-pais-e-e-a-mais-discriminada (accessed July 8, 2017).Google Scholar
Baran, Michael D. 2007. “‘Girl, You Are Not Morena. We Are Negras!’: Questioning the Concept of ‘Race’ in Southern Bahia, Brazil.” Ethos 35(3): 383409.Google Scholar
Barreto, Matt. 2007. “Sí se puede! Latino Candidates and the Mobilization of Latino Voters.” American Political Science Review 101(3): 425441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bastide, Roger, and Fernandes, Florestan. 1959. Relações Raciais Entre Negros e Brancos em São Paulo: Ensaio Sociológico Sôbre as Origensm as Manifestações Atuais e Efeitos do Preconceito de Côr na Sociedade Paulistana. São Paulo: Companhia Editoria Nacional.Google Scholar
Bianchi, Paula, and Vilela, Tais. 2014. “Cresce o número de quem se diz ‘preto’ e ‘pardo’; grupo chega a 53% no país.” September 18. http://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2014/09/18/ibge-n-de-autodeclarados-pretos-e-pardos-sobe-e-negros-sao-45-no-pais.htm (accessed July 8, 2017).Google Scholar
Bohn, Simone. 2011. Social Policy and Vote in Brazil: Bolsa Familia and the Shifts in Lula’s Electoral Base. Latin American Research Review 46(1): 5479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bohn, Simone. 2013. “The Electoral Behavior of the Poor in Brazil: A Research Agenda.” Latin American Research Review 48(2): 2531.Google Scholar
Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo and Glover, Karen. 2006. “‘We Are All Americans’: The Latin Americanization of Race Relations in the United States.” In The Changing Terrain of Race and Ethnicity, eds. Krysan, Maria and Lewis, Amanda E.. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2004. “From Bi-Racial to Tri-Racial: Towards a New System of Racial Stratification in the USA.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 27(6): 931950.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre, and Wacquant, Loïc. 1999. “On the Cunning of Imperialist Reason.” Theory Culture and Society 16(1): 4158.Google Scholar
Branscombe, Nyla R., Schmitt, Michael T., and Harvey, Richard D.. 1999. “Perceiving Pervasive Discrimination among African Americans: Implications for Group Identification and Well-Being.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77(1): 135149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brubaker, Rogers, and Cooper, Frederick. 2000. Beyond “Identity.” Theory and Society 29: 147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bueno, Natália S. and Dunning, Thad. 2017. “Race, Resources, and Representation: Evidence from Brazilian Politicians.” World Politics 69(2): 327365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buras, Kristen L. 2011. “Race, Charter Schools, and Conscious Capitalism: On the Spatial Politics of Whiteness as Property (and the Unconscionable Assault on Black New Orleans).” Harvard Educational Review 81(2): 296331.Google Scholar
Burdick, John. 1998. “The Lost Constituency of Brazil’s Black Movements.” Latin American Perspectives 25: 136155.Google Scholar
Burdick, John. 2009. “Collective Identity and Racial Thought in São Paulo’s Black Gospel Music Scene.” Music and Arts in Action 1(2): 1629.Google Scholar
Butler, Kim. 1998. Freedoms Given, Freedoms Won: Afro-Brazilians in Post-Abolition São Paulo and Salvador. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Caldwell, Kia. 2007. Negras in Brazil: Re-envisioning Black Women, Citizenship, and the Politics of Identity. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Carey, Tony E., Branton, Regina P., and Martinez-Ebers, Valerie. 2014. “The Influence of Social Protests on Issue Salience among Latinos.” Political Research Quarterly 67(3): 615627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carneiro, Sueli. 2003. “Mulheres em Movimento.” Estudos Avançados (17): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103–40142003000300008 (accessed July 8, 2017).Google Scholar
Carta Capital. 2016. “Sociedade: Preconceito. ‘O fosso entre brancos e negros no mercado de trabalho: Em 13 anos, Renda de Pretos e Pardos Avançou Mais que a dos Brancos, mas Disparidade ainda é Gritante’.” http://www.cartacapital.com.br/blogs/parlatorio/o-fosso-entre-brancos-e-negros-no-mercado-de-trabalho (accessed July 8, 2017).Google Scholar
Cassilde, Stéphanie. 2008. On the Endogeneity of Self-Declared Skin Colour in Contemporary Brazil. 11th IZA Summer School, Buch/Ammersee, Germany.Google Scholar
Castro, Mônica. 1993. “Raça e Comportamento Político.” Dados 36: 469491.Google Scholar
Cleland, Danielle. 2017. The Power of Race in Cuba: Racial Ideology and Black Consciousness during the Revolution. Cary: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Cathy. 1999. The Boundaries of Blackness: AIDS and the Breakdown of Black Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Cathy. 2010. Democracy Remixed: Black Youth and the Future of American Politics. Cary: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Collins, Patricia Hill. 1990. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. London: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Costa, Alexandre Emboaba. 2014. Reimagining Black Difference and Politics in Brazil: From Racial Democracy to Multiculturalism. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Covin, David. 2006. The Unified Black Movement in Brazil 1978–2002. Jefferson: McFarland Press.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, Kimberlé. 1991.“Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color.” Stanford Law Review 43(6): 12411299.Google Scholar
Crissien, Jean Paul. 2015. “Stand For” and Deliver? Reserved Seats, Ethnic Constituencies, and Minority Representation in Colombia. Doctoral Dissertation. Arizona State University.Google Scholar
Daniel, G. Reginald. 2006. “Race and Multiraciality in Brazil and the United States: Converging Paths? University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Darity, William Jr., Dietrich, Jason, and Hamilton, Darrick. 2005. “Bleach in the Rainbow: Latin Ethnicity and Preference for Whiteness.” Transforming Anthropology 13(2): 103109.Google Scholar
Darity, William Jr.. 2003. “Employment Discrimination, Segregation, and Health.” American Journal of Public Health 93(2): 226231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davenport, Lauren D. 2016. “Beyond Black and White: Biracial Attitudes in Contemporary U.S. Politics.” American Political Science Review 110(1): 5267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davenport, Lauren. 2016a. “Beyond Black and White: Biracial Attitudes on Contermporary I.S. Politics.” The American Political Science Review 110(1): 5267.Google Scholar
Davenport, Lauren. 2016b. “The Role of Gender, Class, and Religion in Biracial Americans Racial Labeling Decisions.” American Sociological Review 8(1): 5784.Google Scholar
Davis, Daríen, Paschel, Tianna, and Morrison, Judith. “Pan Afro-Latin African Americanism Alliances Revisited: Legacies and Lessons for Transnational Alliances in the New Millennium.” In Afro-Descendants, Identity, and the Struggle for Development in the Americas, eds. Reiter, Bernd and Simmons, Kimberly, 1950. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.Google Scholar
Dawson, Michael. 1994. Behind the Mule: Race and Class in African American Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Degler, Carl. 1986. Neither Black nor White: Slavery and Race Relations in Brazil and the United States. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Delgado, Richard, and Stefancic, Jean. 2012. Critical Race Theory: An Introduction. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Dietrich, Erich. 2015. “Ambition with Resistance: Affirmative Action in Brazil’s Public Universities.” In Race, Politics, and Education in Brazil Affirmative Action in Higher Education, eds. Heringer, Rosana and Johnson, Ollie III, 155177. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edmonds, Alexander. 2010. Pretty Modern: Beauty, Sex, and Plastic Surgery in Brazil. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Escobar, Arturo. 2008. Territories of Difference: Place, Movements, Life, Redes. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Fernandes, Florestan. 1965. A Integração do Negro na Sociedade de Classes. São Paulo: Dominus Editora.Google Scholar
Fernandes, Sujatha. 2014. “Malandreo Negro: Gangsta Rap and the Politics of Exclusion in Venezuela.” In Comparative Perspectives on Afro-Latin America, eds. Dixon, Kwame and Burdick, John, 7292. University Press of Florida.Google Scholar
Figo, Anderson. 2017. “Preço de Aluguel Recua 0,12% em Junho. http://exame.abril.com.br/seu-dinheiro/preco-do-aluguel-recua-012-em-junho/ (accessed July 29, 2017).Google Scholar
Figureido, Angela. 2010. “Out of Place: The Experience of the Black Middle Class.” In Brazil’s New Racial Politics, eds. Reiter, Bernd and Mitchell, Gladys, 5164. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Press.Google Scholar
Floyd-Alexander, Nikol. 2012. “Disappearing Acts: Reclaiming Intersectionality in the Social Sciences in a Post-Black Feminist Era.” Feminist Formations (24)2:125.Google Scholar
Forde, Kaelyn. 2015. “Where Police Kill 6 Times More People Than in the U.S.” Refinery29. August 26. https://google.com/amp/www.www.refinery29.com/amp/2015/08/92326/brazil-black-lives-matter-police-brutality-protest (accessed July 8, 2017).Google Scholar
Fraga, Luis; Garcia, John; Hero, Rodney; Jones-Correa, Michael; Martinez-Ebers, Valerie, and Segura, Gary. 2006. “Su Casa Es Nuestra Casa: Latino Politics Research and the Development of American Political Science.” American Political Science Review (10)4: 515521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Francis, Andrew M. and Tannuri-Pianto, Maria. 2012. “Using Brazil’s Racial Continuum to Examine the Short-Term Effects of Affirmative Action in Higher Education,” Journal of Human Resources 47(3): 754784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Francisco, Flavio. 2010. Fronteiras em Definição: Identidades Negras e Imagens dos Estados Unidos e da África no Jornal O Clarim da Alvorada (1924–1932). MA Thesis. Universidade de São Paulo.Google Scholar
Frank, Reanne, Akresh, Ilana Redstone and Lu, Bo. 2010. “Latino Immigrants and the U.S. Racial Order: How and Where Do They Fit In?American Sociological Review 20 (10):124.Google Scholar
Frasure, Lorrie. 2010. “The Burden of Jekyll and Hyde: Barack Obama, Racial Identity and Black Political Behavior.” In Whose Black Politics: Cases in Post-Racial Black Leadership, ed. Gillespie, Andra, 133154. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
French, Jan. 2009. Legalizing Identities. Becoming Black or Indian in Brazil’s Northeast. University of North Carolina Press: Chapel Hill, NC.Google Scholar
French, Jan. 2013. “Rethinking Police Violence in Brazil: Unmasking the Public Secret of Race.” Latin American Politics and Society 55(4): 161181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freyre, Gilberto. 1956. The Masters and the Slaves: (Casa Grande & Senzala) A Study in the Development of Brazilian Civilization. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Fried, Brian. 2012. “Distributive Politics and Conditional Cash Transfers: The Case of Brazil’s Bolsa Família.” World Development 40(5):10421053.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuente, Alejandro da la. 2001. A Nation for All: Race, Inequality, and Politics in Twentieth-Century Cuba. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Galtung, Johan. 1990. “Cultural Violence.” Journal of Peace Research 27(3): 291305.Google Scholar
Garcia, Chris, and Sanchez, Gabriel. 2008. Moving (into) the Mainstream?: Latinos in the U.S. Political System? Saddle River: Pearson and Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Gay, Claudine. 2002. “Spirals of Trust? The Effect of Descriptive Representation on the Relationship between Citizens and Their Government.” American Journal of Political Science 46(4): 717732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillam, Reighan. 2016. “The Help, Unscripted: Constructing the Black Revolutionary Domestic in Afro-Brazilian Media.” Feminist Media Studies. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2015.1137338 (accessed July 8, 2017).Google Scholar
Gilliam, Angela and Gilliam, Onik’a. 1999. “Odyssey: Negotiating the Subjectivity of Mulata Identity in Brazil.” Latin American Perspectives 26(3): 6084.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golash-Boza, Tanya and Darity, William Jr. 2008. “Latino Racial Choices: The Effects of Skin Colour and Discrimination on Latinos’ and Latinas’ Racial Self-IdentificationsEthnic and Racial Studies 31(5): 136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golash-Boza, Tanya. 2011. Yo Soy Negro: Blackness in Peru. Gainsville: University Press of Florida.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, Arthur H., Hamilton, Darrick and Darity, William Jr. 2007. “From Dark to Light: Skin Color and Wages among African-Americans.” Journal of Human Resources 42(4): 701738.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, Donna M. 1999. “’Interracial’ Sex and Racial Democracy in Brazil: Twin Concepts?American Anthropologist 101(3): 563578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
González, Lélia. 1988. “For an Afro-Latin Feminism.” Confronting the Crisis in Latin America: Women Organizing for Change. Isis International & Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era: 95101.Google Scholar
Gregory, Patricia C., LaVeist, Thomas A., and Simpson, Crystal. 2006. “Racial Disparities in Access to Cardiac RehabilitationAmerican Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 85(9): 705710.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guimarães, Antonio Sergio. 2001. The Race Issue in Brazilian Politics (The Last Fifteen Years). Fifteen Years of Democracy in Brazil Conference. Paper presented at the Institute of Latin American Studies at the University of London, London, England, February 15–16.Google Scholar
Guimarães, Antonio Sergio. 2002. Classes, Raças e Democracia. São Paulo: Editora 34.Google Scholar
Hagopian, Francis. 1996. Traditional Politics and Regime Change in Brazil. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hamilton, Darrick, Goldsmith, Arthur and Darity, William Jr. 2009. “Shedding “Light” on Marriage: The Influence of Skin Shade on Marriage for Black Females.” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 72(1): 3050.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanchard, Michael. 1994. Orpheus and Power: The Movimento Negro of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Brazil, 1945–1988. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Harris, Marvin. 1970. “Referential Ambiguity in the Calculus of Brazilian Racial Identity.” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 26(1): 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, Faye. 2008. Outsider Within. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Hasenbalg, Carlos and do Valle Silva, Nelson. 1988. Estrutura Social, Mobilidade e Raça. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Universitário de Pesquisas do Rio de Janeiro.Google Scholar
Hasenbalg, Carlos. 1978. Race Relations in Post-Abolition Brazil: The Smooth Preservation of Racial Inequalities. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Hellwig, David. 1992. African American Reflections on Brazil’s Racial Paradise. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Henriques, Ricardo. 2005. “Apresentação.” In Educação anti-racista: Caminhos abertos pela Lei Federal no 10.639/03, eds. Pinto, Ana Flávia, de Sousa, Andréia Lisboa, de Santana Braga, Dmaris Lúcia, and dos Santos, Sales Augusto, 710. Brasilia: SECAD-Secretaria de Educação Continuada, Alfabetização e Diversidade.Google Scholar
Hernandez, Tanya. 1998. “Multiracial Discourse: Racial Classifications in an Era of Color-blind Jurisprudence.” Maryland Law Review 57: 97173. Available at http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/faculty_scholarship/23 (accessed July 8, 2017).Google Scholar
Hernandez, Tanya. 2011. “The Value of Intersectional Comparative Analysis to the ‘Post-Racial’ Future of Critical Race Theory: A Brazil – U.S. Comparative Case Study.” Connecticut Law Review 43(5): 14071437.Google Scholar
Hernandez, Tanya. 2013a, “Affirmative Action in the Americas The hemisphere-wide drive to make equality a human right” Americas Quarterly, August 1, http://www.americasquarterly.org/affirmative-action-in-the-americas (accessed July 8, 2017).Google Scholar
Hernandez, Tanya. 2013b. Racial Subordination in Latin America: The Role of the State, Customary Law and the New Civil Rights Response. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hernandez, Tanya. 2016. “Envisioning the United States in the Latin American Myth of ‘racial democracy Mestizaje.” Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies 11(2):117.Google Scholar
Hochschild, Jennifer L. and Weaver, Vesla. 2007. “The Skin Color Paradox and the American Racial Order’.” Social Forces 86(2): 643670. doi: 10.1093/sf/86.2.643Google Scholar
Hordge-Freeman, Elizabeth. 2015. The Color of Love: Racial Features, Stigma, and Socialization in Black Brazilian Families. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Htun, Mala. 2016. Inclusion without Representation: Gender Quotas and Ethnic Reservations in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ikawa, Daniela. 2014. “The Construction of Identity and Rights: Race and Gender in Brazil.” International Journal of Law in Context 10(4): 494506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janusz, Andrew. 2017. “Candidate Race and Electoral Outcomes: Evidence from Brazil.” Politics, Groups, Identities: 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2017.1279976Google Scholar
Johnson, Ollie III and Heringer, Rosana. 2015. Race, Politics, and Education in Brazil: Affirmative Action in Higher Education. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Ollie III. 1998. “Racial Representation and Brazilian Politics: Black Members of the National Congress, 1983–1999.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 40: 97118.Google Scholar
Johnson, Ollie III. 2006. “Locating Blacks in Brazilian Politics: Afro-Brazilian Activism, New Political Parties, and Pro-Black Public Policies.” International Journal of Africana Studies 12: 170193.Google Scholar
Johnson, Ollie III. 2007. “Black Politics in Latin America: An Analysis of National and Transnational Politics.” In African American Politics on Political Science, ed. Rich, Wilbur C., 5575. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, Ollie III. 2012. Race, Politics and Afro-Latin Americans.” In Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics, eds. Kingstone, Peter and Yashar, Deborah J., 302318. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Johnson, Ollie III. 2014. “Black Activism in Ecuador, 1979–2009.” In Comparative Perspectives on Afro-Latin America, eds. Dixon, Kwame and Burdick, John, 176197. University Press of Florida.Google Scholar
Johnson, Ollie III. 2015. “Blacks in National Politics.” In Race, Politics, and Education in Brazil: Affirmative Action in Higher Education, eds. Johnson, Ollie III and Heringer, Rosana, 1758. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joseph, Tiffany. 2015. Race on the Move: Brazilian Migrants and the Global Reconstruction of Race. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Kay, Kristen, Mitchell-Walthour, Gladys and White, Ismail. 2015. “Framing Race and Class in Brazil: Afro-Brazilian Support for Racial versus Class Policy.” Politics, Groups, and Identities (3)2: 222238.Google Scholar
Lamont, Michèle, Moraes Silva, Graziella, Welburn, Jessica S., Guetzkow, Joshua, Mizrachi, Nissim, Herzog, Hanna, and Reis, Elisa. 2016. Getting Respect: Responding to Stigma and Discrimination in the United States, Brazil, and Israel. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Layton, Matthew and Smith, Amy. 2017. “Is it Race, Class, or gender? The Sources of Perceived Discrimination in Brazil.” Latin American Politics and Society 59(1): 5273.Google Scholar
Leal, David. 1999. “It’s Not Just a Job: Military Service and Latino Political Participation.” Political Behavior 21: 153174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lefebvre, Henri. 1991. The Production of Space. Cambridge: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Levitt, Barry. 2015. “Discrimination and the Distrust of Democratic Institutions in Latin America.” Politics, Groups and Identities 3(3): 417437.Google Scholar
Lima, Márcia. 2015. “Açoes Afirmativas e Juventude Negra no Brasil.” Cadernos Adenauer (São Paulo), v. Xvi: 2743.Google Scholar
Lipman, Pauline. 2011. “Contesting the City: Neoliberal Urbanism and the Cultural Politics of Education Reform in Chicago.” Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 32(2): 217234.Google Scholar
Lisboa, Vinícius. 2014. “Renda dos Negros Cresce, mas Não Chegar a 60% da dos Brancos.” January 30. EBC Agência Brasil (accessed July 8, 2017).Google Scholar
Lopez Bunyasi, Tehama. 2015. “Brown Ballots in the Buckeye State.” In Latinos and the 2012 Election: The New Face of the American Voter, ed. Sanchez, Gabriel R.. Lansing: Michigan State University Press.Google Scholar
Lovell, Peggy. 2006. “Race, Gender, and Work in São Paulo Brazil 1960–2000.” Latin American Research Review 41(3): 6387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loveman, Mara, Muniz, Jeronimo, and Bailey, Stanley R.. 2012. “Brazil in Black and White? Race Categories, the Census, and the Study of Inequality.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 35(8): 14661483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madrid, Raul L. 2012. The Rise of Ethnic Politics in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Marx, Anthony. 1998. Making Race and Nation: A Comparison of South Africa, the United States, and Brazil. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McCallum, Cecilia. 2005. Racialized Bodies, Naturalized Classes: Moving through the City of Salvador da Bahia. American Ethnologist 32(1): 100117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCallum, Cecilia. 2007. “Women Out of Place? A Micro-Historical Perspective on the Black Feminist Movement in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil.” Journal of Latin American Studies 39(1): 5580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meade, Teresa. 1997. Civilizing Rio: Reform and Resistance in a Brazilian City, 1889–1930. University Park: The Pennsylvania State Press.Google Scholar
Melo, Débora. 2012. Em Dez Anos, População que se Autodeclara Negra Aumenta, e Número de Brancos Cai. Noticias UOL. June 29. http://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2012/06/29/em-dez-anos-populacao-que-se-autodeclara-negra-sobe-e-numero-de-brancos-cai-diz-ibge.htm (accessed July 8, 2017).Google Scholar
Mendonça, Ricardo. 2014. “Dilma Cresce Onde Há Pouco Bolsa Famlia.” Folha de São Paulo. November 2. http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2014/11/1542052-dilma-cresceu-onde-ha-pouco-bolsa-familia.shtml (accessed on December 11, 2016.)Google Scholar
Ministério da Educação 2015. “Marcha das Mulheres Negras reúne 50 mil Pessoas em Protesto Contra Racismo.”November 18. http://portal.mec.gov.br/component/content/222-noticias/537011943/32111-marcha-das-mulheres-negras-reune-50-mil-pessoas-em-protesto-contra-racismo-e-desigualdade-social?Itemid=86 (accessed July 8, 2017).Google Scholar
Minority Rights Group International. 2014 “Afro-Colombians.” https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2014/02/19/Afro-Colombians.pdf (accessed July 8, 2017).Google Scholar
Mitchell-Walthour, Gladys and Darity, William Jr. 2014. “The Endogeneity of Race: Choosing Blackness in Salvador and São Paulo, Brazil.” Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies (9)3: 318348.Google Scholar
Mitchell-Walthour, Gladys. 2012. “Afro-Brazilian Black Linked Fate in Salvador and São Paulo, Brazil.” National Political Science Review 13: 4162.Google Scholar
Mitchell-Walthour, Gladys. 2012. “Racism in a Racialized Democracy and Support for Affirmative Action Policy in Salvador and São Paulo, Brazil.” In Afro-Descendants, Identity, and the Struggle for Development in the Americas, eds. Reiter, Bernd and Simmons, Kimberly, 207230. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.Google Scholar
Mitchell-Walthour, Gladys. 2015. “Afro-Brazilian Support for Affirmative Action.” In Race, Politics, and Education in Brazil: Affirmative Action in Higher Education, eds. Johnson, Ollie III and Heringer, Rosana, 133153. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Gladys. 2009a. “Campaign Strategies of Afro-Brazilian Politicians: A Preliminary Analysis.” Latin American Politics and Society 51(3): 111142.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Gladys. 2009b. “Identidade coletiva negra e escolha eleitoral no BrasilOpinião Pública 15(2): 275305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, Gladys. 2010. “Politicizing Blackness: Afro-Brazilian Color Identification and Candidate Preference” In Brazil’s New Racial Politics, eds. Reiter, Bernd and Mitchell, Gladys. Colorado: Lynn Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Michael and Wood, Charles. 1998. “The Ironies of Citizenship: Skin Color, Police Brutality and the Challenges to Brazilian Democracy,” Social Forces 77: 10011020.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Michael, Minion Morrison, K. C., and Johnson, Ollie III. 2009. “Creating a Transnational Network of Black Representation in the Americas: A Profile of the Legislators at the First Meeting of Black Parliamentarians in Latin America.” National Political Science Review (12): 227246.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Michael. 1977. Racial Consciousness and the Political Attitudes and Behavior of Blacks in São Paulo, Brazil. PhD dissertation, Indiana University.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Michael. 1997. “Blacks in Electoral Politics: The Case of Celso Pitta.” Paper presented at the Fourth Meeting of the Brazilian Studies Association, Washington, DC, November 12–15.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Michael. 2007. “Race and Democracy in Brazil: The Racial Factor in Public Opinion.” Paper presented at the National Conference of Black Political Scientists, San Francisco, CA, March 21–24.Google Scholar
Moldonado, Marta. 2009. “It Is Their Nature to Do Menial’: The Racialization of. ‘Latino/a Workers’ by Agricultural Employers.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 32(6): 10171036.Google Scholar
Morrison, Judith. 2007. “Race and Poverty in Latin America: Addressing the Development Needs of African Descendants.” UN Chronicle. XLIV (3) https://unchronicle.un.org/article/race-and-poverty-latin-america-addressing-development-needs-african-descendants (accessed July 8, 2017).Google Scholar
Morrison, Judith. 2012. “Race and Ethnicity by the Numbers.” AmericasQuarterly. http://www.americasquarterly.org/morrison (accessed July 8, 2017).Google Scholar
Nascimento, Abdias do. 1989. Brazil, Mixture or Massacre?: Essays in the Genocide of a Black People. Dover: Majority Press.Google ScholarPubMed
Nascimento, Elisa. 2009. The Sorcery of Color: Identity, Race, and Gender in Brazil. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Neely, Brooke and Samura, Michelle. 2011. “Social Geographies of Race: Connecting Race and Space.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 34(11): 19331952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2011.5592622011. 34 (11).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Néri, Felipe. 2013. “CCJ da Câmara aprova cota racial para deputados federaise estaduais.” Globo.com October 30. http://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2013/10/ccj-da-camara-aprova-cota-racial-para-deputados-federais-e-estaduais.html (accessed on July 20, 2017).Google Scholar
Nobles, Melissa. 2001. Shades of Citizenship: Race and the Census in Modern Politics. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Nogueira, Oracy. 1985 [1954]. Tanto Preto quanto Branco: Estudos de Relações Raciais. São Paulo: T. A. Queiroz.Google Scholar
Nogueira, Oracy. 2007. “Preconceito racial de marca e preconceito racial de origem: Sugestão de um quadro de referência para a interpretação do material sobre relações raciais no Brasil.” Tempo Social 19(1): 287308.Google Scholar
Oliveira, Cloves Luiz P. 1997. A Luta por um Lugar: Gênero, Raça, e Classe: Eleições Municipais de Salvador-Bahia, 1992. Salvador: Serie Toques Programa A Cor da Bahia-UFBA.Google Scholar
Oliveira, Cloves. 2007. A Inevitável Visibilidade de Cor: Estudo comparativo das campanhas de Benedita da Silva e Celso Pitta às prefeituras do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, nas eleições de 1992 e 1996. PhD dissertation, Instituto Universitário de Pesquisa do Rio de Janeiro (Iuperj).Google Scholar
Oliveira, Dennis. 2016. “The Racist Roots of the coup d’état against President Dilma Rousseff.” https://blackwomenofbrazil.co/2016/05/16/the-racist-roots-of-the-coup-detat-against-president-dilma-rousseff/ (accessed July 20, 2017).Google Scholar
Oliveira, Mirela. 2014. “O Nosso Lugar é na Periferia: O Racismo Sutil Deixando de Ser Sutil.” Blogueiras Negras. http://blogueirasnegras.org/2014/07/12/o-nosso-lugar-e-na-periferia-o-racismo-sutil-deixando-de-ser-sutil/ (accessed December 28, 2016).Google Scholar
Osuji, Chinyere. 2013. “Racial ‘Boundary-Policing’: Perceptions of Black-White Interracial Couples in Los Angeles and Rio de Janeiro.” DuBois Review: Social Science Research on Race 10(1): 179203.Google Scholar
Osuji, Chinyere. 2014. “Divergence or Convergence in the U.S. and Brazil: Understanding Race Relations through White Family Reactions to Black-White Interracial Couples. Qualitative Sociology 37: 93115.Google Scholar
Paixão, Marcelo and Carvano, Luiz M.. 2008. Relatório Anual das Desigualdades Raciais no Brazil; 2007–2008. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Garamond Ltda.Google Scholar
Paixão, Marcelo, Rossetto, Irene, Montovanele, Fabiana, and Carvano, Luiz M.. 2011. Relatório Anual das Desigualdades Raciais no Brazil; 2009–2010. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Garamond Ltda.Google Scholar
Paixão, Marcelo; Carvano, Luiz Marcelo, and Rossetto, Irene. 2010. Desigualdade racial e crise: indicadores de acesso ao mercado de trabalho metropolitano desagregados por cor ou raça em 2009. Versus: Revista de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas do CCJE/UFRJ (Impresso), v. ano II:7284.Google Scholar
Paixão, Marcelo. 2015. Discriminação de cor ou raça no acesso ao crédito produtivo no Brasil. Latin American Studies Association Conference. San Juan, Puerto Rico.Google Scholar
Pardue, Derek. 2004. “Putting Mano to Music: The Mediation of Race in Brazilian Rap.” Ethnomusicology Forum 13: 253286.Google Scholar
Park, Robert E. 1931. “Mentality of Racial Hybrids.” American Journal of Sociology 36 (4): 534551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paschel, Tianna S. 2016. Becoming Black Political Subjects: Movements and Ethno-Racial Rights in Colombia and Brazil. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penha-Lopes, Vânia. 2013. Pioneiros: Cotistas na Universidade Brasileira. São Paulo: Paco Editorial.Google Scholar
Pereira, Amilcar. 2015. “From the Black Movement’s Struggle to the Teaching of African and Afro-Brazilian History.” In Race, Politics, and Education in Brazil Affirmative Action in Higher Education, eds. Heringer, Rosana and Johnson, Ollie III, 5972. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Pereira, João Baptista Borges. 1982. “Aspectos do Comportamento Político do Negro em São Paulo.” Ciência e Cultura 34: 12861294.Google Scholar
Pereira, Júnia Sales. 2008.”Reconhecendo ou construindo uma polaridade étnico-identitária? Desaios do ensino da história no imediato contexto pós-Lei no 10.639.” Estudos Históricos 21(41): 2143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, Keisha-Khan. 2013. Black Women against the Land Grab: The Fight for Racial Justice in BrazilMinneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Petruccelli, José and Saboia, Ana Lucia. 2013. Pesquisa de Características Étnico-Raciais da População. Instituto Brasileira de Geografia e Estatística. Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro. http://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv63405.pdf (accessed July 7, 2017).Google Scholar
Pierson, Donald. 1942. Negroes in Brazil: A Study of Race Contact at Bahia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Pinho, Patricia de Santana. 2010. Mama Africa: Reinventing Blackness in Bahia. Durham: Duke University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prandi, Reginaldo. 1996. Raça e Voto na Eleição Presidencial de 1994. Estudos Afro-Asiaticos 30: 6178.Google Scholar
Price, Patricia L. 2012. “Race and Ethnicity: Latino/a Immigrants and Emerging Geographies of Race and Place in the USA.” Progress in Human Geography 36(6): 800809.Google Scholar
Racusen, Seth. 2010. “Affirmative Action and Identity.” In Brazil’s New Racial Politics, eds Reiter, Bernd and Mitchell, Gladys, 89122. Colorado: Lynn Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
Racusen, Seth. 2012. “The Grammar of Color Identity in Brazil.” In Afro-Descendants, Identity, and the Struggle for Development in the Americas, eds. Reiter, Bernd and Simmons, Kimberly, 141178. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.Google Scholar
Rahier, Jean Muteba. 2012. “Afro-Ecuadorian Community Organizing and Political Struggle: Influences on and Participation in Constitutional Processes.” In Comparative Perspectives on Afro-Latin America, eds. Dixon, Kwame and Burdick, John, 198218. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Rangel, Marcos. 2015. “Is Parental Love Colorblind? Human Capital Accumulation within Mixed Families.” The Review of Black Political Economy (42): 5786.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reis, João. 1995. Slave Rebellion in Brazil: The Muslim Uprising of 1835 in Bahia. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Reiter, Bernd and Mitchell, Gladys. 2010. Brazil’s New Racial Politics. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
Rezende, Cludia Barcelos and Lima, Marcia. 2004. “Linking Gender, Class, and Race.” Social Identities 10(6): 757773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ribeiro, Luiz César de Queiroz, Rodrigues, Juciano Martins, and Corrêa, Felipe Souza. 2010. “Segregação Residencial e Emprego nos Grandes Espaços Urbanos Brasileiros.” Caderno Metropolitano 12(23): 1541.Google Scholar
Rockquemore, Kerry and Arend, Patricia. 2002. “Opting for White: Choice, Fluidity and Racial Identity Construction in Post Civil-Rights America.” Race and Society 5:4964.Google Scholar
Rogers, Reuel. 2006. Afro-Caribbean Immigrants and the Politics of Incorporation: Ethnicity, Exception, or Exit. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossi, Marina. “Mais brasileiros se declaram negros e pardos e reduzem número de brancos Desde 2007 IBGE constata que população branca cai e hoje representa 45,5% do país.” El País. November 16. http://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2015/11/13/politica/1447439643_374264.html (accessed July 8, 2017).Google Scholar
Sansone, Livio. 2004. Negritude sem Etnicidade: O Local e o Global Nas Relações Raciais e na Produção Cultural Negra do Brasil. Salvador, BA: EDUFBA.Google Scholar
Santana, Emilce. 2013. “Table: Afro-descendant and Indigenous Population in Latin America by Country.” PerlaPrinceton.edu https://perla.princeton.edu/table-afro-descendant-and-indigenous-population-in-latin-america-by-country/ (accessed July 29, 2017).Google Scholar
Santos, Hélio. 2015. “Cotas Racias: O Acinte das Fraudes.” Geledes.org.br https://www.geledes.org.br/cotas-raciais-o-acinte-das-fraudes/#gs.PiDeaHw (accessed July 7, 2017).Google Scholar
Santos, Jaqueline. 2014. “Hiphop and the Reconfiguration of Blackness in São Paulo: The Influence of African American Political and Musical Movements in the 20th Century.” Social Identities 22(2): 160177.Google Scholar
Santos, Renato E. 2010. “New Social Activism: University Entry Courses for Black and Poor Students.” In Brazil’s New Racial Politics, eds. Reiter, Bernd and Mitchell, Gladys, 197225. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
Santos, Sales Augusto dos. 2000. A Ausência de uma Bancada Suprapartidária Afro-Brasileira no Congreso Nacional (Legislatura 1995/1998). Brasília: Centro de Estudos Afro-Asiaticos, 2 Vols. Brasília: Centro de Estudos Afro-Asiaticos.Google Scholar
Santos, Sales Augusto dos. 2006. “Who Is Black in Brazil? A Timely or a False Question in Brazilian Race Relations in the Era of Affirmative Action?Latin American Perspectives 33: 3048.Google Scholar
Santos, Sales Augusto dos. 2010. “Black NGOs and “Conscious” Rap: New Agents of the Antiracism Struggle in Brazil.” In Brazil’s New Racial Politics, eds. Reiter, Bernd and Mitchell, Gladys, 165177. Colorado: Lynn Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
Santos, Sales Augusto dos. 2014. Educação um Pensamento Negro Contemporâneo. Jundiaí: Paco Editorial.Google Scholar
Santos, Sônia Querino dos Santos e Vera Carbalho Machado. 2008. “Políticas Públicas Educacionais: Antigas Reivindicações, Conquistas (Lei 10.639) e Novos Desafios.” Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação. Rio de Janeiro 16(58): 95112.Google Scholar
Saunders, Tanya. 2009. “La Lucha Mujerista: Krudas CUBENSI and Black Feminist Sexual Politics in Cuba.” Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, Mona, Jamaica: University of the West Indies. http://sta.uwi.edu/crgs/november2009/journals/CRGS%20Las%20Krudas.pdf (accessed July 12, 2017).Google Scholar
Saunders, Tanya. 2012. “Black Thoughts, Black Activism: Cuban Underground Hip-Hop and Afro-Latino Countercultures of Modernity.” Latin American Perspectives 39(2): 4260.Google Scholar
Saunders, Tanya. 2015. Cuban Underground Hip Hop: Black Thoughts, Black Revolution, Black Modernity. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Sawyer, Mark. 2005. Racial Politics in Post-Revolutionary Cuba. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Scott, Joan. 1991. “The Evidence of Experience.” Critical Inquiry 17(4): 773797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seltzer, Richard and Smith, Robert C.. 1991. “Color Differences in the Afro-American Community and the Differences They Make.” Journal of Black Studies 21(3): 279286.Google Scholar
Shabazz, Rashad. 2015. Spatializing Blackness: Architectures of Confinement and Black Masculinity in Chicago. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Sheriff, Robin. 2001. Dreaming Equality: Color, Race, and Racism in Urban Brazil. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Sidanius, Jim, Pena, Yesilernis and Sawyer, Mark. 2001. “Inclusionary Discrimination: Pigmentocracy and Patriotism in the Dominican Republic.” Political Psychology 22 (4): 827851.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva, Graziella and Marcelo, Paixão. 2014. “Mixed and Unequal: New Perspectives on Brazilian Ethnoracial Relations.” In Pigmentocracies: Ethnicity, Race, and Color in Latin America, 172217. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Silva, Graziella and Reis, Silva. 2011. “Perceptions of Racial Discrimination among Black Professionals in Rio de Janeiro.” Latin American Research Review 46(2): 5578.Google Scholar
Silva, Graziella Moraes D and Reis, Elisa P.. 2012. “The Multiple Dimensions of Racial Mixture in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: From Whitening to Brazilian Negritude.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 35(3): 382399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva, Hédio Jr. 1998. Anti-racismo: Coletânea de Leis Brasileiras (Federais, Estaduais, Municipais). São Paulo: Oliveira Mendes.Google Scholar
Silva, Rosana Aparecida da. 2016 “Povo negro se une contra o golpe, na luta pela democracia.” Rede Brasil Atual. http://www.redebrasilatual.com.br/blogs/blog-na-rede/2016/04/povo-negro-se-une-contra-o-golpe-na-luta-pela-democracia-7361.html (accessed July 7, 2017).Google Scholar
Skidmore, Thomas. 1974. Black into White: Race and Nationality in Brazilian Thought. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Candis Watts. 2014. Black Mosaic: The Politics of Black Pan-Ethnic Diversity. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Christen. 2014. “For Cláudia Silva Ferreira: Death and the Collective Black Female Body.” The Feminist Wire, May 5. http://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/05/for-claudia-silva-ferreira-death-black-female-body/ (accessed December 1, 2016).Google Scholar
Smith, Christen. 2016. Afro-Paradise: Blackness, Violence, and Performance in Brazil. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Soares, Glaucio Ary Dillon and do Valle Silva, Nelson. 1987. “Urbanization, Race, and Class in Brazilian Politics.” Latin American Research Review 22: 155176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Souza, Amaury de. 1971. “Raça e Política no Brasil urbano.” Revista de Administração de Empresas 11: 6170.Google Scholar
Souza, Beatriz. 2004. As 200 Cidades Mais Populosas do Brasil. Exame.abril.com.br. http://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/as-200-cidades-mais-populosas-do-brasil/ (accessed July 7, 2017).Google Scholar
Steffensmeier, Darrell and Demuth, Stephen. 2000. “Ethnicity and Sentencing Outcomes in U.S. Federal Courts: Who Is Punished More Harshly?” American Sociological Review 65(5): 705729.Google Scholar
Sue, Christina and Golash-Boza, Tonya. 2013. “‘It Was Only a Joke’: How Racial Humour Fuels Colour-Blind Ideologies in Mexico and Peru.” Ethnic and Racial Studies: 36 (10): 15821598.Google Scholar
Sue, Christina. 2013. Land of the Cosmic Race: Race Mixture, Racism, and Blackness in Mexico. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sue, Cristina. 2009. “An Assessment of the Latin Americanization Thesis.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 32(6): 10581070.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sueli, Carneiro. 2010. Insumias: Racismo, Sexismo, Organizacion Politica y Desarollo de Mujer Afrodescendiente. Lima: CEDET, Centro de Desarrollo Étnico.Google Scholar
Sugiyama, Natasha Borges and Hunter, Wendy A.. 2013. “Whither Clientelism? Good Governance and Brazil’s Bolsa Família Program.” Comparative Politics 46(1): 4362.Google Scholar
Tajfel, Henry and Turner, John C. 1986. “The Social Identity Theory of Inter-Group Behavior.” In Psychology of Intergroup Relations, eds. Worchel, Stephen and Austin, William, 724. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.Google Scholar
Tate, Katherine. 2003. Black Faces in the Mirror: African Americans and Their Representatives in the U.S. Congress. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta. 2016. From #Blacklivesmatter to Black Liberation. Chicago: Haymarket Books.Google Scholar
Telles, Eduard and Lim, Nelson. 1998. “Does It Matter Who Answers the Race Question? Racial Classification and Income Inequality in Brazil.” Demography 35(4): 465474.Google Scholar
Telles, Edward and Bailey, Stan. 2013. “Understanding Latin American Beliefs about Racial Inequality.” American Journal of Sociology 118(6): 15591595.Google Scholar
Telles, Edward. 2004. Race in Another America: The Significance of Skin Color in Brazil. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Telles, Edward. 2014. Pigmentocracies: Ethnicity, Race, and Color in Latin America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Terra 2011. Negros e pardos são maioria em 56,8% das cidades, diz estudo. Terra.com.br http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/negros-e-pardos-sao-maioria-em-568-das-cidades-diz-estudo,475c55e5c56fa310VgnCLD200000bbcceb0aRCRD.html (accessed July 7, 2017).Google Scholar
Toledo, José Roberto. 2013. “62% Apoiam Cotas Para Alunos Negros, Pobres e da Escola Pública, diz Ibope.” Estadão. http://educacao.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,62-apoiam-cotas-para-alunos-negros-pobres-e-da-escola-publica-diz-ibope,997758 (accessed December 16, 2016).Google Scholar
Zuberi, Tukufu, and Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2008. White Logic, White Methods: Racism and Methodology. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Twine, France Winddance and Warren, Jonathan. 1999. Race and Research, Researching Race: Methodological Dilemmas in Critical Race Studies. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Twine, France Winddance. 1998. Racism in a Racial Democracy: The Maintenance of White Supremacy in Brazil. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Tyner, James A. 2012. Space, Place, and Violence: Violence and the Embodied Geographies of Race, Sex, and Gender. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyson, Karolyn, Darity, Wiliam Jr. and Castellino, Domini. 2005. “It’s Not “a Black Thing”: Understanding the Burden of Acting White and Other Dilemmas of High Achievement.” American Sociological Review 70(4): 582605.Google Scholar
Valente, Ana Lúcia E.F. 1986. Política e Relações Raciais: Os Negros e às Eleições Paulistas de 1982. São Paulo: FFLCH-US.Google Scholar
Valente, Rubia R. and Berry, Brian J. L.. 2017. “Performance of Students Admitted through Affirmative Action in Brazil.” Latin American Research Review 52(1): 1834.Google Scholar
Valentino, Nicholas A., Hutchings, Vincent L. and White, Ismail K.. 2002. “Cues That Matter: How Political Ads Prime Racial Attitudes during Campaigns.” American Political Science Review, March: 7590.Google Scholar
Vargas, João Costa. 2004. “Hyperconsciousness of Race And Its Negation: The Dialectic Of White Supremacy in Brazil.” Identities 11(4): 443470.Google Scholar
Vargas, João Costa. 2006. “When a Favela Dared to Become a Gated Condominium: The Politics of Race and Urban Space in Rio de Janeiro.” Latin American Perspectives July 2006 (33)4: 4981.Google Scholar
Vasconcelos, Fábio. “Ganho de votos de Dilma no 2º turno não tem relação com Bolsa Família” O Globo. October 29, 2014. http://blogs.oglobo.globo.com/na-base-dos-dados/post/ganho-de-votos-de-dilma-no-2-turno-nao-tem-relacao-com-bolsa-familia-553452.html (accessed on December 11, 2016.)Google Scholar
Wade, Peter. 1993. Blackness and Race Mixture: The Dynamics of Racial Identity in Colombia. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Wade, Peter. 1997. Race and Ethnicity in Latin America. Chicago: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Wagley, Charles. 1971. An Introduction to Brazil. New York: Columbia University.Google Scholar
Williams, David. 1999. Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health: The Added Effects of Racism and Discrimination. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 896: 173188.Google Scholar
Williams, Erica Lorraine. 2013. Sex Tourism in Bahia: Ambiguous Entanglements. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Wong, Janelle S., Ramakrishnan, Karthick, Lee, Taeku, and Junn, Jane. 2011. Asian American Political Participation: Emerging Constituents and Their Political Identities. Russel Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Xongani, Ana Paula. 2016. “Foi Golpe” Ana Paula Xongani’s YouTube Channel. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eC2CfPUTRI (accessed on July 20, 2017).Google Scholar
Yashar, Deborah. 2015. “Does Race Matter in Latin America?: How Racial and Ethnic Identities Shape the Region’s Politics.” Foreign Affairs, Mar/Apr 94(2): 3340.Google Scholar
Zepeda-Millán, Chris. 2016. “Weapons of the (Not So) Weak” Immigrant Mass Mobilization in the US South.” Critical Sociology 42(2): 269287.Google Scholar
Zucco, Cesar, and Power, Timothy J.. 2013. “Bolsa Família and the Shift in Lula’s Electoral Base, 2002–2006: A Reply to Bohn.” Latin American Research Review 48(2): 324.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Gladys L. Mitchell-Walthour, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
  • Book: The Politics of Blackness
  • Online publication: 24 November 2017
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316888742.009
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Gladys L. Mitchell-Walthour, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
  • Book: The Politics of Blackness
  • Online publication: 24 November 2017
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316888742.009
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Gladys L. Mitchell-Walthour, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
  • Book: The Politics of Blackness
  • Online publication: 24 November 2017
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316888742.009
Available formats
×