Chapters Four and Five analyse the intractability of the issues raised regarding the relationship between the church and the commonwealth for the Gallican liberties, which would continue into the seventeenth century. This chapter focusses on the works of three important lawyers: René Choppin, whose neglected De Sacra Politia is a crucial text for understanding the shape of League debates in the 1580s, Pierre de Belloy and Louis Dorléans. These works demonstrate the extent to which late medieval controversies about ecclesiastical power were resurrected in the sixteenth century, and the ways in which caricatured ideas of medieval controversialists like William of Ockham and Marsilius of Padua were used to score significant polemical points.