Afonso, Antonio, Schuknecht, Ludger, and Tanzi, Vito. “Public Sector Efficiency: Evidence for new EU Member States and Emerging Markets.” Applied Economics 42, no. 17 (2010): 2147–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Andersen, S., and Eliassen, K.. “EU Lobbying: The New Research Agenda.” European Journal of Political Research 27, no. 4 (1995): 427–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Andersen, Svein S., and Eliassen, Kjell A.. “European Community Lobbying.” European Journal of Political Research 20, no. 2 (1991): 173–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Anderson, S. B. Crafting EU Security Policy: In Pursuit of a European Identity. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Arnold, R. D. The Logic of Congressional Action. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Art, R. “Europe Hedges Its Security Bets.” In Balance of Power Revisited: Theory and Practice in the 21st Century, edited by Art, Robert, Paul, T. V., and Wirtz, James. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004: 179–213.Google Scholar

Aspinwall, Mark, and Greenwood, Justin. “Conceptualising Collective Action in the European Union.” In Collective Action in the European Union: Interests and the New Politics of Associability. London, UK: Routledge, 1998: 1–30.Google Scholar

Avant, Deborah D., Finnemore, Martha, and Sell, Susan K., eds. Who Governs the Globe?. Vol. 114. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bache, I., and Flinders, M.. “Themes and Issues in Multi-Level Governance.” Multi-Level Governance (2004): 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bailes, Alyson J. K. “The EU and a ‘Better World’: What Role for the European Security and Defence Policy?” International Affairs 84, no. 1 (2008): 115–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baldwin, D. A. “Neoliberalism, Neorealism, and World Politics.” In Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate, edited by Baldwin, D. A.. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1993: 3–25.Google Scholar

Barnett, M., and Finnemore, M.. Rules for the World: International Organizations in Global Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Barnett, Michael N., and Finnemore, Martha. “The Politics, Power, and Pathologies of International Organizations,” International Organization 53, no. 4 (1999): 699–732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baumgartner, Frank R. “EU Lobbying: a View from the US.” Journal of European Public Policy 14, no. 3 (2007): 482–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baumgartner, Frank, and Jones, B.. Agendas and Instability in American Politics. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Baumgartner, Frank R., and Leech, B. L.. “Interest Niches and Policy Bandwagons: Patterns of Interest Group Involvement in National Politics.” Journal of Politics 64 (2001): 1191–213.Google Scholar

Baumgartner, Frank R., and Leech, B. L.. “The Multiple Ambiguities of ‘Counteractive Lobbying.” American Journal of Political Science 40 (1996): 521–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baumgartner, Frank R., and Mahoney, C.. “Gaining Government Allies.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, April 25–28, 2002.Google Scholar

Baumgartner, Frank R., Green-Pedersen, Christoffer, and Jones, Bryan D.. “Comparative Studies of Policy Agendas.” Journal of European Public Policy 13, no. 7 (2006): 959–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baumgartner, Frank R., Berry, Jeffrey M., Hojnacki, Marie, Kimball, David C., and Leech, Beth L.. Lobbying and Policy Change: Who Wins, Who Loses, and Why. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Berkhout, J., and Lowery, D.. “Counting Organized Interests in the European Union: A Comparison of Data Sources.” Journal of European Public Policy 15, no. 4 (2008): 489–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Berry, J. The Interest Group Society, 2nd ed. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1989.Google Scholar

Beyers, J. “Gaining and Seeking Access: The European Adaptation of Domestic Interest Associations.” European Journal of Political Research 41 (2002): 586–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beyers, J. “Voice and Access: Political Practices of European Interest Associations.” European Union Politics 5, no. 2 (2004): 211–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beyers, Jan, and Kerremans, Bart. “Bureaucrats, Politicians, and Societal Interests: How Is European Policy Making Politicized?” Comparative Political Studies 37, no. 10 (2004): 1119–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beyers, J., and Kerremans, B.. “Critical Resource Dependencies and the Europeanization of Domestic Interest Groups.” Journal of European Public Policy 14, no. 3 (2007): 460–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beyers, J., and Trondal, J.. “How Nation States ‘Hitʼ Europe: Ambiguity and Representation in the European Union.” West European Politics 27, no. 5 (2004): 919–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bigo, D. “The European Internal Security Field: Stakes and Rivalries in a Newly Developing Area of Police Intervention.” In Policing Across National Boundaries, edited by Anderson, Malcom and Den Boer, Monica. London, UK: Pinter, 1994: 161–73.Google Scholar

Bigo, D. Polices en reseaux: l'experience européenne. Paris, France: Presses de Sciences Politique, 1996.Google Scholar

Bigo, D. “When Two Become One: Internal and External Securitizations in Europe.” In International Relations Theory and the Politics of the European Integration: Power, Security, and Community, edited by Kelstrup, M. and Williams, M. C., 171–204. London, UK: Routledge, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bigo, Didier, and Jeandesboz, Julien, “The EU and the European Security Industry Questioning the ‘Public-Private Dialogue.’” INEX Policy Brief no. 5, February 2010.Google Scholar

Blanchard, Jean-Marc F., Mansfield, Edward D., and Ripsman, Norrin M.. “The Political Economy of National Security: Economic Statecraft, Interdependence, and International Conflict.” Security Studies 9, no. 1–2 (1999): 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bob, Clifford. The Global Right Wing and the Clash of World Politics. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Börzel, T. A. “Mind the Gap! European Integration between Level and Scope.” Journal of European Public Policy 12, no. 2 (2005): 217–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Börzel, T. A., and Risse, T. “Governance without a State: Can It Work?” Regulation & Governance 4 (2010): 113–34.Google Scholar

Bouwen, P. “Corporate Lobbying in the European Union: The Logic of Access.” Journal of European Public Policy 9, no. 3 (2002): 365–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bouwen, P. “Exchanging Access Goods for Access: A Comparative Study of Business Lobbying in the European Union Institutions.” European Journal of Political Research 43, no. 3 (2004): 337–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bouwen, P. “The Logic of Access to the European Parliament: Business Lobbying in the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs.” Journal of Common Market Studies 42, no. 3 (2004): 473–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bouwen, P., and McCown, M.. “Lobbying versus Litigation: Political and Legal Strategies of Interest Representation in the European Union.” Journal of European Public Policy 14, no. 3 (2007): 422–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boyer, Y. “Technologies, défense et relations transatlantiques,” Politique étrangère 59, no. 4 (Winter 1994/95): 1005–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bromley, Mark. The EU Defence Market: Balancing Effectiveness with Responsibility, edited by Bailes, Alyson J. K. and Depauw, Sara. Brussels: Flemish Peace Institute, 2011.Google Scholar

Brooks, S., and Wohlforth, W. C.. “Hard Times for Soft Balancing.” International Security 30, no. 1 (2005): 72–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Broscheid, A., and Coen, D.. “Insider and Outsider Lobbying of the European Commission: An Informational Model of Forum Politics.” European Union Politics 4, no. 2 (2003): 165–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Broscheid, A., and Coen, D.. “Lobbying Activity and for a Creation in the EU: Empirically Exploring the Nature of the Policy Good.” Journal of European Public Policy 14, no. 3 (2007): 346–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burley, A., and Mattli, W.. “Europe before the Court: A Political Theory of Legal Integration.” International Organization 47, no. 1 (1993): 41–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burns, C. “Codecision and the European Commission: A Study of Declining Influence?” Journal of European Public Policy 11, no. 1 (2004): 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burns, T. R., and Carson, M.. “Actors, Paradigms, and Institutional Dynamics: The Theory of Social Rule Systems Applied to Radical Reforms.” In Advancing Socio-Economics: An Institutionalist Perspective, edited by Hollingsworth, J. Rogers, Mueller, Karl H., and Hollingsworth, Ellen Jane, 109–47. Oxford, UK: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002.Google Scholar

Büthe, T. “Governance through Private Authority: Non-State Actors in World Politics.” Journal of International Affairs 58, no. 1 (2004): 281–91.Google Scholar

Butt Philip, A. Directory of Pressure Groups in the European Community. London, UK: Longman, 1991.Google Scholar

Butt Philip, A. “Pressure Groups and Policy-Making in the European Community.” In Institutions and Policies of the European Union, edited by Lodge, Juliet, 21–26. London, UK: Frances Pinter, 1983.Google Scholar

Butt Phillip, A. “Pressure Groups in the European Community, Working Paper No. 2.” University Association of Contemporary European Studies Working Groups, London, UK: UACES, 1985.Google Scholar

Butt Philip, A., and Gray, O.. Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. London, UK: Cartermill Publishing, 1994.Google Scholar

Butt Philip, A. “Business Alliances, Network Construction and Agenda Definition: Recent Development in Lobbying Activities in Brussels and Strasbourg.” EUSA Conference, Seattle, WA, May 29–June 1, 1997.Google Scholar

Callaghy, T. M. The State–Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carpenter, Daniel P. The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputations, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Executive Agencies, 1862–1928. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Caviedes, A. “The Difficult Transition to Transnational Interest Representation: The Case of Immigration Policy.” EUSA Conference, March 31–April 2, 2005.Google Scholar

Caviedes, A. “The Open Method of Coordination in Immigration Policy: A Tool for Prying Open Fortress Europe?” Journal of European Public Policy 11, no. 2 (2004): 289–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Caviedes, Alex. “Troubled Transnationalism. Diverging National and EU-Level Social Partner Preferences in Immigration Policy.” Paper presented at a conference titled European Integration: Past, Present and Future, Kitchener, Ontario, pp. 1–33. 2010.Google Scholar

Caviedes, Alexander. Prying Open Fortress Europe: The Turn to Sectoral Labor Migration. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2010.Google Scholar

Chopin, I., and Niessen, J.. “Combating Racism in the European Union with Legal Means: A Comparison of the Starting Line and the EU Commission's Proposal for a Race Directive.” Brussels: Migration Policy Group, 2000.Google Scholar

Christiansen, T. “The European Commission: Administration in Turbulent Times.” In European Union, Power and Policy-Making, edited by Richardson, Jeremy, 95–114. New York, NY: Routledge, 1996/2001.Google Scholar

Cobb, R. W., and Elder, C. D.. Participation in American Politics. The Dynamics of Agenda-Building. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972.Google Scholar

Coen, D. “Business Interests and Integration.” In Collective Action in the European Union, edited by Bulme, R., Chambre, D., and Wright, V., 225–72. Paris, France: Science-Po Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Coen, D. “Environmental and Business Lobbying Alliances in Europe: Learning from Washington?” In Business in International Environmental Governance: A Political Economy Approach, edited by Levy, D. and Newell, P., 197–220. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Coen, D. “The Impact of US Lobbying Practice on the European Business–Government Relationship.” California Management Review 41, no. 4 (1999): 27–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Coen, D. “The European Business Interest and the Nation State: Large-Firm Lobbying in the European Union and Member States.” Journal of Public Policy 18, no. 1 (1998): 75–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Coen, D. “The Evolution of the Large Firm as a Political Actor in the European Union.” Journal of European Public Policy 4, no. 1 (1997): 91–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Collie, L. “Business Lobbying in the European Community: The Union of Industrial and Employers’ Federation of Europe.” In Lobbying in the European Community, edited by Mazey, S. and Richardson, J., 213–30. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Court, J., Kristen, P., and Weder, B.. “Bureaucratic Structure and Performance: First Africa Survey Results.” United Nations University Tokyo, 1999. http://www.unu.edu/hq/academic/Pg_area4/pdf/unu-research.pdfGoogle Scholar

Culpepper, Pepper D. Quiet Politics and Business Power: Corporate Control in Europe and Japan. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cutler, A. C., Haufler, V., and Porter, T.. Private Authority and International Affairs. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999.Google Scholar

d'Appollonia, Ariane Chebel. Frontiers of Fear: Immigration and Insecurity in the United States and Europe. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Deutch, J. M. “Consolidation of the US Defence Industrial Base.” Defence Acquisition Review Journal (Fall 2001): 137–152.Google Scholar

Dinan, D. Ever Closer Union: An Introduction to European Integration. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1999.Google Scholar

Donahue, J. D., and Pollack, M. A.. “Centralization and its discontents: the rhythms of federalism in the United States and the European Union.” In The Federal Vision: Legitimacy and Levels of Governance in the United States and the European Union: Legitimacy and Levels of Governance in the United States and the European Union, edited by Nicolaidis, Kalypso and Howse, Robert, 73–117. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Dostal, J. M. “Campaigning on Expertise: How the OECD Framed EU Welfare and Labour Market Policies – and Why Success Could Trigger Failure.” Journal of European Public Policy 11, no. 3 (2004): 440–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dowdy, J. “Winners and Losers in the Arms Industry Downturn.” Foreign Policy 107 (Summer 1997): 88–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Downs, A. Inside Bureaucracy. Little, Brown Boston, 1967.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dür, A. “Measuring Interest Group Influence in the EU: A Note on Methodology.” European Union Politics 9, no. 4 (2008): 559–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dür, A., and De Bievre, D.. “Inclusion without Influence: NGOs in European Trade Policy,” Journal of Public Policy 27, no. 1 (2007): 79–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dür, A., and De Bievre, D.. “The Question of Interest Group Influence,” Journal of Public Policy 27, no. 1 (2007): 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Edler, Jakob, and James, Andrew D. “Understanding the Emergence of New Science and Technology Policies: Policy Entrepreneurship, Agenda Setting and the Development of the European Framework Programme.” Research Policy 44, no. 6 (2015): 1252–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Eising, R. “Multilevel Governance and Business Interests in the European Union.” Governance 17, no. 2 (2004): 211–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Eising, R. “The Access of Business Interests to EU Institutions: Toward Elite Pluralism?” Journal of European Public Policy 14, no. 3 (2007): 384–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Eising, Rainer. The Access of Business Interests to European Union Institutions: Notes Toward a Theory. Working Paper No. 29. University of Oslo, Norway, ARENA Institute for European Studies, 2005.Google Scholar

Eising, R., and Kohler-Koch, B.. The Transformation of Governance in the European Union. London, UK: Routledge, 1999.Google Scholar

Eising, Rainer, and Kohler-Koch, Beate. Interessenpolitik in Europa. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2005.Google Scholar

Eliassen, Kjell A., and Sitter, Nick. “Arms Procurement in the European Union: Achieving Mission Impossible.” Oslo: Norwegian School of Management. Report 4 (2006).Google Scholar

Ernst, & Young, , “The UK Defence Industry: Securing Its Future” London, UK: Ernst & Young. May 1994, p. 9.Google Scholar

Ernst, & Young, , “Prospects for the European Land Arms Industry” London, UK: Ernst & Young. October 1994.Google Scholar

Parliament, European. 2003. “Lobbying in the European Union: current rules and practice,” Directorate for Research Working Paper AFCO 104, April 2003.Google Scholar

Evans, P. B. Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Evans, Peter. “The State as Problem and Solution: Predation, Embedded Autonomy and Structural Change.” In The Politics of Economic Adjustment: International Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State, edited by Haggard, Stephan and Kaufman, Robert R., 176–92. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992.Google Scholar

Evans, Peter B. “Predatory, Developmental, and Other Apparatuses: A Comparative Political Economy Perspective on the Third World State.” Sociological Forum 4, no. 4 (1989): 561–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Evans, P. B., and Rauch, J. E.. “Bureaucracy and Growth: A Cross-National Analysis of the Effects of ‘Weberian’ State Structures on Economic Growth.” American Sociological Review (1999): 748–65.Google Scholar

Evans, P. B., and Rauch, J. E.. “Bureaucratic Structure and Bureaucratic Performance in Less Developed Countries.” Journal of Public Economics 75, no. 1 (2000): 49–71.Google Scholar

Evans, Peter B., Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, and Skocpol, Theda. Bringing the State Back In. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1985.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Favell, A. “The European Union: Immigration, Asylum and Citizenship.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 24, no. 4 (1998, Oct): 705–88.Google Scholar

Favell, Adrian. “Citizenship and Immigration: Pathologies of a Progressive Philosophy.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 23, no. 2 (1997): 173–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Favell, A., and Geddes, A.. “Immigration and European Integration: New Opportunities for Transnational Mobilization?” In Challenging Immigration and Ethnic Relations Politics: Comparative European Perspectives, edited by Koopmans, R. and Statham, P., 407–28. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Fligstein, N. “Markets as Politics: A Political Cultural Approach to Market Institutions.” American Sociological Review 61 (1996): 656–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fligstein, N. “Social Skill and the Theory of Fields.” Sociological Theory (2001): 105–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fligstein, N. The Transformation of Corporate Control. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Fligstein, Neil. Euroclash: The EU, European Identity, and the Future of Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Fligstein, N., and McNichol, J.. “The Institutional Terrain of the EU.” In European Integration and Supranational Governance, edited by Stone Sweet, A. and Sandholtz, H., 59–91. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fligstein, N., and Stone Sweet, A.. “Constructing Polities and Markets: An Institutionalist Account of European Integration.” American Journal of Sociology 107 (2002): 1206–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Florini, A. The Right to Know: Transparency for an Open World. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Follesdal, A., and Hix, S.. “Why There Is a Democratic Deficit in the EU: A Response to Majone and Moravcsik” Journal of Common Market Studies 44, no. 3 (2006): 533–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fordham, Benjamin O. Building the Cold War Consensus: The Political Economy of U.S. National Security Policy, 1949–51. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Freeman, Gary P. “Modes of Immigration Politics in Liberal Democratic States.” International Migration Review (1995): 881–902.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gansler, J. The Road Ahead: Accelerating the Transformation of Department of Defense Acquisition and Logistics Processes and Practices. Washington, DC: Department of Defense, 2000.Google Scholar

Geddes, A. European Integration and Immigration. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Geddes, A. “Lobbying for Migrant Inclusion in the European Union: New Opportunities for Transnational Advocacy?” Journal of European Public Policy 7, no. 4 (2000): 632–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Geddes, Andrew. “Immigrant and Ethnic Minorities and the EU's ‘Democratic Deficit.’” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 33, no. 2 (1995): 197–217.Google Scholar

Geddes, Andrew. The Politics of Migration and Immigration in Europe. London, UK: Sage, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Geddes, Andrew. “The Representation of Migrants’ Interests in the European Union.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 24, no. 4 (1998): 695–713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Geddes, B. Politician's Dilemma: Building State Capacity in Latin America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gerschenkron, Alexander. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective: A Book of Essays. No. HC335 G386. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1962.Google Scholar

Gilpin, R. The Political Economy of International Relations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Givens, T., and Luedtke, A.. “The Politics of European Union Immigration Policy: Institutions, Salience, and Harmonization.” The Policy Studies Journal, 32, no. 1 (2004): 145–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Greif, Avner, and Laitin, David D.. “A Theory of Endogenous Institutional Change.” American Political Science Review 98, no. 4 (2004): 633–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Grindle, Merilee S. “Policy Content and Context in Implementation.” In Politics and Policy Implementation in the Third World, edited by Grindle, M. S., 3–34. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goldthorpe, J. H. Order and Conflict in Contemporary Capitalism. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984.Google Scholar

Gornitzka, A., and Sverdrup, U.. “Who Consults? The Configuration of Expert Groups in the European Union.” West European Politics 31, no. 4 (2008): 725–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gourevitch, Peter. “The Second Image Reversed: The International Sources of Domestic Politics.” International Organization 32, no. 4 (1978): 881–912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Grande, E. “The State and Interest Groups in a Framework of Multi-Level Decision-Making: The Case of the European Union.” Journal of European Public Policy 3, no. 3 (1996): 318–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gray, E., and Statham, P.. “Becoming European? The Transformation of the British Pro-migrant NGO Sector in Response to Europeanization.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 43, no. 4 (2005): 877–98.Google Scholar

Green Cowles, M. G. “Organizing Industrial Coalitions: A Challenge for the Future?” In Participation and Policymaking in the European Union, edited by Wallace, H. and Young, A., 116–40. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Green Cowles, M. G. “Setting the Agenda for a New Europe: The ERT and EC 1992.” Journal of Common Market Studies 33, no. 4 (1995, December): 501–26.Google Scholar

Green Cowles, M. G. “The EU Committee of AmCham: The Powerful Voice of American Firms in Brussels.” Journal of European Public Policy 3, no. 3 (1996, September): 339–58.Google Scholar

Green Cowles, Maria. “The Transatlantic Business Dialogue and Domestic Business-Government Relations.” In Transforming Europe: Europeanization and domestic change, edited by Green Cowles, Maria, Caporaso, James A., and Risse-Kappen, Thomas, 159–79. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001.Google Scholar

Greenwood, J. Representing Interests in the European Union. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 1997, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Greenwood, Justin, Grote, Jürgen R., and Ronit, Karsten. Organized Interests and the European Community. London, UK: Sage, 1992.Google Scholar

Greenwood, J., Strangward, L., and Stanich, L.. “The Capacities of EuroGroups in the Integration Process.” Political Studies 47 (1999): 127–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Grindle, M. S. Politics and Policy Implementation in the Third World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Guay, T. At Arm's Length: European Union and Europe's Defence Industry. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Guay, T. The Transatlantic Defence Industrial Base: Restructuring Scenarios and Their Implications, Monograph. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 2005.Google Scholar

Guild, E. “Competence, Discretion and Third Country Nationals: The European Union's Legal Struggle with Migration.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 24, no. 4 (1998): 613–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Guild, E. The Developing Immigration and Asylum Law of the EU. Dordercht, the Netherlands: Kluwer, 1995.Google Scholar

Guiraudon, V. “De-Nationalizing Control. Analyzing State Responses to Constraints on Migration Control.” In Controlling a New Migration World, edited by Guiraudon, Virginie and Joppke, Christian, 31–64. London, UK: Routledge, 2001.Google Scholar

Guiraudon, V. “Policy Change behind Gilded Doors: Explaining the Evolution of Aliens’ Rights in Contemporary Western Europe.” Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, 1997.Google Scholar

Guiraudon, V. “The Constitution of a European Immigration Policy Domain: A Political Sociology Approach.” Journal of European Public Policy 10, no. 2 (2003): 263–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Guiraudon, Virginie. “European Integration and Migration Policy: Vertical Policy-Making as Venue Shopping.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 38, no. 2 (2000): 251–71.Google Scholar

Guiraudon, Virginie. “Third Country Nationals and European Law: Obstacles to Rights’ Expansion.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 24, no. 4 (1998): 657–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Haas, E. B. The Uniting of Europe: Political, Social and Economic Forces, 1950–1957. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1958.Google Scholar

Haggard, Stephan, and Moon, Chung-In. “Institutions and Economic Policy: Theory and a Korean Case Study.” World Politics 42, no. 2 (1990): 210–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hall, Peter A. Governing the Economy: The Politics of State Intervention in Britain and France. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.Google Scholar

Hall, Peter A., and Taylor, R. C. R.. “Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms.” Political Studies 44, no. 5 (1996): 936–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hall, R. B., and Biersteker, T. J.. The Emergence of Private Authority in Global Governance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hartley, K., “The Future of European Defence Policy: An Economic Perspective,” Defence and Peace Economics 14, no. 2 (January 2003): 107–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Haufler, V., and Porter, T.. “The Contours and Significance of Private Authority in International Affairs.” Private Authority and International Affairs (1999): 333–76.Google Scholar

Helmke, Gretchen, and Levitsky, Steven. “Informal Institutions and Comparative Politics: A Research Agenda.” Perspectives on Politics 2, no. 4 (2004): 725–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hirschman, A. O. Shifting Involvements: Private Interest and Public Action. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hix, S. The Political System of the European Union. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hix, S. What's Wrong with the European Union and How to Fix It. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Hix, Simon. “The Study of the European Union II: The ‘New Governance’ Agenda and its Rival.” Journal of European Public Policy 5, no. 1 (1998): 38–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hobson, B. “Feminist Strategies and Gendered Discourses in Welfare States: Married Women's Right to Work in the United States and Sweden.” In Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States, edited by Koven, Seth and Michel, Sonya. 396–429. London, UK: Routledge, 1993.Google Scholar

Hofbauer, Joachim, Levy, Roy, Sanders, Gregory, Ben-Ari, Guy, and Berteau, David. European Defense Trends: Budgets, Regulatory Frameworks, and the Industrial Base: A Report of the CSIS Defense-Industrial Initiatives Group. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2010.Google Scholar

Hoffmann, S. “Obstinate or Obsolete? The Fate of the Nation-State and the Case of Western Europe.” Daedalus 95, no. 3 (1966): 862–915.Google Scholar

Hooghe, L., and Marks, G.. “Optimality and Authority: A Critique of Neoclassical Theory.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 38, no. 5 (2000): 795–816.Google Scholar

Howorth, J. European Security and Defence Policy. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huntington, Samuel P. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968.Google Scholar

Huysmans, J. “Migrants as a Security Problem: Dangers of ‘Securitizing’ Societal Issues.” In Migration and European Integration, edited by Miles, R. and Thränhardt, D., 53–72. London, UK: Pinter, 1995.Google Scholar

Huysmans, J. “The EU and the Securitization of Migration.” Journal of Common Market Studies 38, no. 5 (2000): 751–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huysmans, Jef. The Politics of Insecurity: Fear, Migration and Asylum in the EU. London, UK: Routledge, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ikenberry, G. John. Reasons of State: Oil Politics and the Capacities of American Government. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Imig, D., and Tarrow, S.. Contentious Europeans: Protest and Politics in an Emerging Polity. Oxford, UK: Rowman & Littlefield, 2001.Google Scholar

Imig, D., and Tarrow, S.. “The Europeanisation of Movements? A New Approach to Transnational Contention.” In Social Movements in a Globalizing World, edited by della Porta, D., Kriesi, H., & Rucht, D., 112–33. London, UK: Macmillan, 1999.Google Scholar

Ingraham, Patricia W., Joyce, Philip G., and Donahue, Amy Kneedler. Government Performance: Why Management Matters. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ireland, Patrick R. “Asking for the Moon: The Political Participation of Immigrants in the European Union.” In The Impact of European Integration: Political, Sociological, and Economic Changes, edited by Kourvetaris, George A. and Moschonas, Andreas, 131–50. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1996.Google Scholar

Jabko, N. Playing the Market: A Political Strategy for Uniting Europe, 1985–2005. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2006.Google Scholar

Jackman, R. W. Power without Force: The Political Capacity of Nation-States. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

James, A. D. “Comparing European Responses to Defence Industry Globalisation.” Defence and Security Analysis 18, no. 2 (2002): 123–43.Google Scholar

Johnson, C. A. MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925–1975. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jones, S. The Rise of European Security Cooperation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jones, S. G. “The Rise of a European Defence.” Political Science Quarterly 121, no. 2 (2006): 241–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kallas, S. “The Need for a European Transparency Initiative.” Speech at the The European Foundation for Management, Nottingham Business School, March 3, 2005, Nottingham, UK.Google Scholar

Kapstein, Ethan B. The Political Economy of National Security: A Global Perspective. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Humanities, Social Sciences & World Languages, 1992.Google Scholar

Katzenstein, P. J. Between Power and Plenty: Foreign Economic Policies of Advanced Industrial States. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978.Google Scholar

Katzenstein, P. J. Small States in World Markets: Industrial Policy in Europe. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985.Google Scholar

Keck, M. E., and Sikkink, K.. Activists Beyond Borders. Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Kelemen, R. D. “Built to Last? The Durability of EU Federalism.” In Making History: European Integration and Institutional Change at Fifty, edited by Meunier, S. and McNamara, K. R., 51–66. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Keleman, R. D. “The Politics of ‘Eurocratic’ Structure and the New European Agencies.” West European Politics 25, no. 4 (2002): 93–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Keohane, R. O. After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984.Google Scholar

Kingdon, J. W. Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies, 2nd ed. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1995.Google Scholar

Kirchner, Emil J. “International Trade Union Collaboration and the Prospects for European Industrial Relations.” West European Politics 3, no. 1 (1980): 124–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kirshner, Jonathan. “Political Economy in Security Studies after the Cold War.” Review of International Political Economy 5, no. 1 (1998): 64–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Knack, S., and Keefer, P.. “Institutions and Economic Performance: Cross-Country Tests Using Alternative Institutional Measures.” Economics & Politics 7, no. 3 (1995): 207–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Knoke, D., and Kuklinski, J. H. Network Analysis. London, UK: Sage, 1982.Google Scholar

Koenig, Thomas, and Gogel, Robert. “Interlocking Corporate Directorships as a Social Network.” American Journal of Economics and Sociology 40, no. 1 (1981): 37–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kohler-Koch, B. “Changing Patterns of Interest Intermediation in the EU.” Government and Opposition 29, no. 2 (1994): 166–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kohler-Koch, B., and Eising, R.. The Transformation of Governance in the European Union. London, UK: Routledge, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kohler-Koch, Beate. “Catching Up with Change: The Transformation of Governance in the European Union.” Journal of European Public Policy 3, no. 3 (1996): 359–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kostakopoulou, T. “The ‘Protective Union’: Change and Continuity in Migration Law and Policy in Post-Amsterdam Europe.” Journal of Common Market Studies 38, no. 3 (2000): 497–518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Krasner, S. D. “Sovereignty: An Institutional Perspective.” In The Elusive State, edited by Caporaso, J., 87–103. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1989.Google Scholar

Krasner, S. D. “Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables.” International Organization 36, no. 2 (1982): 185–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Krasner, Stephen D. Defending the National Interest: Raw Materials Investments and U.S. Foreign Policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978.Google Scholar

Krasner, Stephen D. “Sovereignty an Institutional Perspective.” Comparative Political Studies 21, no. 1 (1988): 66–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kugler, J., and Domke, W.. “Comparing the Strength of Nations.” Comparative Political Studies 19, no. 1 (1986): 39–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lahav, Gallya. “Immigration and the State: The Devolution and Privatisation of Immigration Control in the EU.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 24, no. 4 (1998): 675–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lahusen, C. “Commercial Consultancies in the European Union: The Shape and Structure of Professional Interest Intermediation.” Journal of European Public Policy 9, no. 5 (2002): 695–714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lahusen, C. “Moving into the European Orbit: Commercial Consultancies in the European Union.” European Union Politics 4, no. 2 (2003): 191–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

LaPira, Tim, and Thomas, Herschel F. “Congressional Analytic Capacity, Party Polarization, and the Political Economy of Revolving Door Lobbying.” Paper Presented at the American Political Science Association Meeting, August 9, 2016, Philadelphia, PA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Larsson, T. “Precooking in the European Union. The World of Expert Groups.” ESO, 2003. www.grondweteuropa.nl/9310000/d/europa/zwedneso.pdf.Google Scholar

Larsson, T., and Trondal, J.. “Agenda Setting in the European Commission.” In EU Administrative Governance, edited by Hofmann, Herwig C. H. and Türk, Alexander H., 11–43. Cheltenham, UK: Elgar, 2006.Google Scholar

Laumann, E. O., and Knoke, D.. The Organizational State: Social Choice in National Policy Domains. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.Google Scholar

Laumann, Edward O., and Knoke, David. “Policy Networks of the Organizational State: Collective Action in the National Energy and Health Domains.” 17–56. In Networks of Power: Organizational Actors at the National, Corporate, and Community Levels, edited by Robert, Perrucci and Potter, Harry R.. Livingston, NJ: Transaction, 1989.Google Scholar

Lavenex, S. “The Europeanization of Refugee Policies: Normative Challenges and Institutional Legacies.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 39, no. 5 (2001): 851–74.Google Scholar

Lavenex, Sandra. Safe Third Countries: Extending the EU Asylum and Immigration Policies to Central and Eastern Europe. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Levi, Margaret. Of Rule and Revenue. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Levi, Margaret. “The State of the Study of the State.” In Political Science: The State of the Discipline, edited by Katznelson, Ira and Milner, Helen V., 33–55. New York, NY: W. W. Norton, 2002.Google Scholar

Lindblom, C. E. Politics and Markets: The World Economic System. New York, NY: Basic Books, 1977.Google Scholar

Lindberg, L. N. The Political Dynamics of European Economic Integration. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1963.Google Scholar

Lindberg, L. N., and Scheingold, S. A.. Europe's Would-Be Polity: Patterns of Change in the European Community. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1970.Google Scholar

Lovering, J. “Which Way to Turn? The European Defence Industry after the Cold War.” In Arming the Future: A Defence Industry for the 21st Century, edited by Markusen, A. and Costigan, S., 334–70. New York, NY: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Lowery, D., and Gray, V.. “A Neopluralist Perspective on Research on Organized Interests.” Political Research Quarterly 57, no. 1 (2004): 163–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lowery, David, and Gray, Virginia. “How Some Rules Just Don't Matter: The Regulation of Lobbyists.” Public Choice 91, no. 2 (1997): 139–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lowery, D., Poppelaars, C., and Berkhout, J.. “The European Union Interest System in Comparative Perspective: A Bridge Too Far?.” West European Politics 31, no. 6 (2008): 1231–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Luedtke, A. “Uncovering EU immigration legislation: Policy Dynamics and Outcomes.” EUSA Conference, May 17–19, 2007, Montreal, Canada.Google Scholar

Luedtke, Adam. “European Integration, Public Opinion and Immigration Policy Testing the Impact of National Identity.” European Union Politics 6, no. 1 (2005): 83–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mahoney, C. Brussels versus the Beltway: Advocacy in the United States and the European Union. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Mahoney, C. “Networking vs. Allying: The Decision of Interest Groups to Join Coalitions in the US and the EU.” Journal of European Public Policy 14, no. 3 (2007): 366–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mahoney, C. “The Power of Institutions. State and Interest Group Activity in the European Union.” European Union Politics 5, no. 4 (2004): 441–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Majone, G. “A European Regulatory State?” In European Union: Power and Policy-Making, edited by Richardson, J., 263–77. London, UK: Routledge, 1996.Google Scholar

Majone, G. “Two Logics of Delegation. Agency and Fiduciary Relations in EU Governance.” European Union Politics 2, no. 1 (2001): 103–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Majone, G. “The European Commission: The Limits of Centralization and the Perils of Parliamentarization.” Governance 15, no. 3 (2002): 375–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Majone, Giandomenico. “Europe's ‘Democratic Deficit’: The Question of Standards.” European Law Journal 4, no. 1 (1998): 5–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mann, M. The Sources of Social Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.Google Scholar

Marks, G., and McAdam, D. “Social Movements and the Changing Structure of Political Opportunity in the European Union.” West European Politics 19, no. 2 (1996): 249–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Marks, G., Hooghe, L., and Blank, K.. “European Integration from the 1980s: State-Centric v. Multi-level Governance.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 34, no. 3 (1996): 341–78.Google Scholar

Marks, G., & Steenbergen, M.. “Understanding Political Contestation in the European Union.” Comparative Political Studies, 35 (2002): 879–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mastanduno, Michael. “Economics and Security in Statecraft and Scholarship.” International Organization 52, no. 4 (1998): 825–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Matthews, Felicity. “Governance and State Capacity.” The Oxford Handbook of Governance (2012): 281–93.Google Scholar

Mattli, W. “Public and Private Governance in Setting International Standards.” Governance in a Global Economy: Political Authority in Transition (2003): 199–225.Google Scholar

Mattli, W., and Büthe, T.. “Accountability in Accounting? The Politics of Private Rule-Making in the Public Interest.” Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions 18, no. 3 (2005): 399–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mauro, P. “Corruption and Growth.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 110, no. 3 (1995): 681–712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mawdsley, J. A European Agenda for Security Technology: From Innovation Policy to Export Controls. Brussels: Flemish Peace Institute, 2013.Google Scholar

May, Peter J. “Policy Design and Implementation.” Handbook of Public Administration (2003): 223–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mazey, Sonia. “The European Union and Women's Rights: From the Europeanization of National Agendas to the Nationalization of a European Agenda?” Journal of European Public Policy 5, no. 1 (1998): 131–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mazey, S., and Richardson, J. (eds.). Lobbying in the European Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mazey, S., and Richardson, J.. “Interest Groups and EU Policy-Making: Organizational Logic and Venue Shopping.” In European Union: Power and Policy-Making, edited by Richardson, J., 247–65. London, UK: Routledge, 1996/2001/2006.Google Scholar

Mazey, Sonia, and Richardson, Jeremy. “Interests.” In Developments in the European Union, edited by Cram, Laura, Dinan, Desmond, and Nugent, Neill, 105–29. London, UK: St. Martin's Press, 1999.Google Scholar

McCarthy, J. D., and Zald, M.. “Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 82, no. 6 (1977): 1212–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Meier, K. J. Regulation: Politics, Bureaucracy, and Economics. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 1985.Google Scholar

Meyer, J. W., and Scott, W. R.. Organizational Environments: Ritual and Rationality. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1983.Google Scholar

Meynaud, J., and Sidjanski, D.. Les groupes de pression dans la Communauté européenne, 1958–1968: Structure et action des organisations professionnelles. Brussels: Éditions de l'Institut de sociologie (de l'Université libre de Bruxelles), 1971.Google Scholar

Michalowitz, I. “EU Lobbying: Chaos or Functional Divisions?” Paper presented at the European Consortium for Political Research, September 6–8, 2001, University of Kent at Canterbury, England.Google Scholar

Michalowitz, Irina. “What Determines Influence? Assessing Conditions for Decision-Making Influence of Interest Groups in the EU 1.” Journal of European Public Policy 14, no. 1 (2007): 132–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Michels, Roberto. “Authority.” In Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. II. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1930.Google Scholar

Migdal, J. S. Strong Societies and Weak States: State–Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988.Google Scholar

Mitsilegas, V., Monar, J., and Rees, W.. The European Union and Internal Security: Guardian of the People? Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moon, Myung-Jae, and Ingraham, Patricia. “Shaping Administrative Reform and Governance: An Examination of the Political Nexus Triads in Three Asian Countries.” Governance 11, no. 1 (1998): 77–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moore, Gwen. “The Structure of a National Elite Network.” American Sociological Review (1979): 673–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moraes, C. “The Politics of European Union Migration Policy.” Political Quarterly 74, no. 4 (2003): 116–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moravcsik, A. “In Defence of the ‘Democratic Deficit’: Reassessing Legitimacy in the European Union.” Journal of Common Market Studies 40, no. 4 (2002): 603–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moravcsik, A. “Preferences and Power in the European Community: A Liberal Intergovernmentalist Approach.” Journal of Common Market Studies 31, no. 4 (1993): 473–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moravcsik, A. The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Mörth, U. European Public-Private Collaboration: A Choice between Efficiency and Democratic Accountability? Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mörth, U. Organizing European Cooperation: The Case of Armaments. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005.Google Scholar

Mörth, U. Soft Law in Governance and Regulation: An Interdisciplinary Analysis. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2004.Google Scholar

Nanz, K. “The Harmonisation of Asylum and Immigration Legislation within the Third Pillar of the Union Treaty – A Stocktaking.” In The Third Pillar of the European Union: Co-operation in the Field of Justice and Home Affairs, edited by Monar, J. and Morgan, R., 123–33. Bruges, Belgium: European Interuniversity Press and College of Europe, 1994.Google Scholar

Neal, A. W. 2009. “Securitization and Risk at the EU Border: The Origins of FRONTEX.” Journal of Common Market Studies 47, no. 2 (2009): 333–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nielson, D. L., and Tierney, M. J.. “Delegation to International Organizations: Agency Theory and World Bank Environmental Reform.” International Organization 57, no. 2 (2003): 241–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Niemann, A. “Dynamics and Countervailing Pressures of Visa, Asylum and Immigration Policy Treaty Revision: Explaining Change and Inertia from the Amsterdam IGC to the Constitutional Treaty.” In 9th Biennial EUSA Conference, Austin, 2005. Available at http://aei.pitt.edu/3079/01/EUSA2005_paper_A.Niemann_JHA-final.pdfGoogle Scholar

Niemann, Arne. “Dynamics and Countervailing Pressures of Visa, Asylum and Immigration Policy Treaty Revision: Explaining Change and Stagnation from the Amsterdam IGC to the IGC of 2003–04.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 46, no. 3 (2008): 559–91.Google Scholar

Niessen, J. “Overlapping Interests and Conflicting Agendas: The Knocking into Shape of EU Immigration Policies.” European Journal of Migration and Law 3, no. 3 (2001): 419–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Niessen, Jan. “The Amsterdam Treaty and NGO Responses.” European Journal of Migration and Law 2, no. 2 (2000): 203–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

North, D. C. Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

North, D. C. Understanding the Process of Economic Change. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

North, Douglass Cecil. Structure and Change in Economic History. New York, NY: W. W. Norton, 1981.Google Scholar

Nugent, N. The Government and Politics of the European Union, 4th ed. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave, 2003.Google Scholar

Oxfam. Foreign Territory: The Internationalisation of EU Asylum Policy. London, UK: Oxfam, 2005.Google Scholar

Painter, Martin, and Pierre, Jon. “Unpacking Policy Capacity: Issues and Themes.” In Challenges to State Policy Capacity, edited by Painter, Martin and Pierre, Jon, 1–18. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Palomar, T. “Migration Policies of the European Union.” In The Politics of Immigration in the EU, edited by Blaschke, Jochen, 88–92. Berlin, Germany: Parabolis, 2004.Google Scholar

Pappi, F. U., and Henning, C. H. C. A.. “The Organisation of Influence on the EC's Common Agricultural Policy: A Network Approach.” European Journal of Political Research 36 (1999): 257–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Paul, T. V., et al. Balance of Power: Theory and Practice in the 21st Century. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pedler, R. H, and Van Schendelen, M.. Lobbying the European Union: Companies, Trade Associations and Issue Groups. Aldershot, UK: Dartmouth, 1994.Google Scholar

Peters, L., and Verrinder, J.. “The Size of the Government Sector from Different Perspectives.” Paper presented at The Size of the Government Sector: How to Measure: 24th The European Advisory Committee Information in the Economic and Social Spheres (CEIES) seminar, Vienna, Austria, October 23–24, 2003.Google Scholar

Peterson, John. “The European Union: Pooled Sovereignty, Divided Accountability.” Political Studies 45, no. 3 (1997): 559–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pierson, Paul. “Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics.” American Political Science Review 94, no. 2 (2000): 251–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Polanyi, K. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of our Time. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1944.Google Scholar

Pollack, M. Delegation, Agency, and Agenda Setting in the European Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.Google Scholar

Pollack, M. “Representing Diffuse Interests in EC Policy-Making.” Journal of European Public Policy 4, no. 4 (1997): 572–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pollak, J., and Slominski, P.. “Experimentalist but Not Accountable Governance? The Role of Frontex in Managing the EU's External Borders.” West European Politics 32, no. 5 (2009): 904–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Posen, B. R. “European Union Security and Defence Policy: Response to Unipolarity?” Security Studies 15, no. 2 (2006): 149–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Princen, S. “Agenda-Setting in the European Union: A Theoretical Exploration and Agenda for Research.” Journal of European Public Policy 14, no. 1 (2007): 21–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Princen, S., and Kerremans, B.. “Opportunity structures in the EU multi-level system.” Paper presented at the CONNEX Research Group 4 Civil Society and Interest Representation in EU-Governance. Leiden, NL, April 14–16, 2005.Google Scholar

Princen, S., and Rhinard, M.. “Crashing and Creeping: Agenda-Setting Dynamics in the European Union.” Journal of European Public Policy 13, no. 7 (2006): 1119–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Richardson, J. “Policy-Making in the EU: Interests, Ideas and Garbage Cans of Primeval Soup.” In European Union, Power and Policy-Making, edited by Richardson, J., 3–26. New York, NY: Routledge, 1996/2001/2006.Google Scholar

Riker, William H. The Art of Political Manipulation, Vol. 587. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1986.Google Scholar

Rodrigues, C. International Management: A Cultural Approach. Los Angeles, CA: South-Western, 2001.Google Scholar

Rosamond, B. Theories of European Integration. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sabatier, P. A. “An Advocacy Coalition Framework of Policy Change and the Role of Policy-Oriented Learning Therein.” Policy Sciences 21 (1988): 129–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Samuels, R. J. The Business of the Japanese State: Energy Markets in Comparative and Historical Perspective. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sandholtz, W., and Stone Sweet, A.. European Integration and Supranational Governance. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sandholtz, W., and Zysman, J.. “1992: Recasting the European Bargain.” World Politics: A Quarterly Journal of International Relations 42, no. 1 (1989): 95–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Scharpf, F. W. “Legitimacy in the Multi-Actor European Polity.” In Organizing Political Institutions. Essays for J. P. Olsen, edited by Egeberg, M. and Lægreid, P., 261–88. Oslo, Norway: Scandinavian University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Scharpf, F. W. “Negative and Positive Integration in the Political Economy of European Welfare States.” In Governance in the European Union, edited by Marks, G., Scharpf, F. W., Schmitter, P. W., and Streeck, W., 15–39. London, UK: Sage, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schattschneider, E. E. The Semi-Sovereign People. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace College, 1960/1975.Google Scholar

Schmidt, V. “Procedural Democracy in the EU: The Europeanization of National and Sectoral Policy-Making Processes.” Journal of European Public Policy 13, no. 5 (2006): 670–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schmidt, Vivien A. The EU and Its Member-States: Institutional Contrasts and Their Consequences. Working Paper No. 99/7. Köln, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, 1999.Google Scholar

Schmitter, Philippe C. “Imagining the Future of the Euro-polity with the Help of New Concepts.” In Governance in the European Union, edited by Gary, Marks, Scharpf, Fritz W., Schmitter, Philippe C., and Streeck, Wolfgang, 1–14. London, UK: Sage, 1996.Google Scholar

Schmitter, P. C., and Lehmbruch, G., eds. Trends toward Corporatist Intermediation. London, UK: Sage, 1979.Google Scholar

Schneider, G., and Baltz, K.. “The Power of Specialization: How Interest Groups Influence EU Legislation.” Rivista di Politica Economica 93, no. 1–2 (2003): 1–31.Google Scholar

Schneider, G., Finke, D., and Baltz, K.. “With a Little Help from the State: Interest Intermediation in the Domestic Pre-negotiations of EU Legislations.” Journal of European Public Policy 14, no. 3 (2007): 444–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schuknecht, L., Afonso, A., and Tanzi, V.. 2003. “Public Sector Efficiency: An International Comparison.” Frankfurt: Germany, European Central Bank, ECB Working Paper Series.Google Scholar

Sidjanski, D. “Pressure Groups and the European Economic Community.” In The New International Actors: The United Nations and the European Economic Community, edited by Cosgrove, C. and Twitchett, K., 222–48. London, UK: Macmillan, 1970.Google Scholar

Skocpol, Theda. “Bringing the State Back In: Strategies and Analysis of Current Research.” In Bringing the State Back In, edited by Evans, Peter B., Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, and Skocpol, Theda, 3–43. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1985.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Skowronek, S. Building a New American State: The Expansion of National Administrative Capacities, 1877–1920. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Slaughter, A. M., Stone Sweet, A., and Weiler, J.. The European Court and National Courts – Doctrine and Jurisprudence: Legal Change in Its Social Context. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Smith, A. Politics and the European Commission: Actors, Interdependence, Legitimacy. London, UK: Routledge, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, M. A. American Business and Political Power: Public Opinion, Elections, and Democracy. Chicago, IL: University Chicago Press, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, Mitchell P. “How Adaptable Is the European Commission? The Case of State Aid Regulation.” Journal of Public Policy 21, no. 3 (2001): 219–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smyrl, M. E. “When (and How) Do the Commission's Preferences Matter?” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 36, no. 1 (1998): 79–100.Google Scholar

Soifer, Hillel, and vom Hau, Matthias. “Unpacking the Strength of the State: The Utility of State Infrastructural Power.” Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID) 43, no. 3 (2008): 219–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Solana, J. “Preface,” EU Security and Defence Policy – The First Five Years (1999–2004), edited by Gnesotto, N., 5–10. Paris, France: Institute for Security Studies, European Union, 2004.Google Scholar

Stark, David, and Bruszt, Laszlo. Postsocialist Pathways: Transforming Politics and Property in East Central Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.Google Scholar

Stensöta, Helena Olofsdotter. “Impartiality and the Need for a Public Ethics of Care.” In Good Government: The Relevance of Political Science, edited by Holmberg, Sören & Rothstein, Bo, 87–149. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2012.Google Scholar

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. SIPRI Yearbook 2011: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.Google Scholar

Stone Sweet, A. Governing with Judges: Constitutional Politics in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stone Sweet, A., and Brunell, T. L.. “Constructing a Supranational Constitution: Dispute Resolution and Governance in the European Community.” American Political Science Review 92, no. 1 (1998): 63–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Strange, Susan. The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Streeck, W., and Thelen, K. A.. Beyond Continuity: Institutional Change in Advanced Political Economies. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2005.Google Scholar

Streeck, W., and Schmitter, P. C.. “From National Corporatism to Transnational Pluralism.” Politics and Society 19, no. 2 (1991): 133–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tallberg, J. “The Agenda-Shaping Powers of EU Council Presidency.” Journal of European Public Policy 10, no. 1 (2003): 1–19.Google Scholar

Tallberg, Jonas, and Jönsson, Christer. “Transnational Actor Participation in International Institutions: Where, Why, and With What Consequences?” In Transnational Actors in Global Governance, edited by Jönsson, Christer and Tallberg, Jonas, 1–21. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010.Google Scholar

Teles, V. K. “Institutional Quality and Endogenous Economic Growth.” Journal of Economic Studies 34, no. 1 (2007): 29–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Thurber, J. A. “Representation, Accountability, and Efficiency in Divided Party Control of Government.” PS: Political Science and Politics (1991): 653–57.Google Scholar

Tigner, B. “Transatlantic Harmony Faces Many Obstacles.” Defence News 10, no. 21 (May 29, 1995)Google Scholar

Tillotson, Amanda R. “Open States and Open Economies: Denmark's Contribution to a Statist Theory of Development.” Comparative Politics 21, no. 3 (1989): 339–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tilly, Charles. Coercion, Capital, and European states, AD 990–1992. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 1992.Google Scholar

Torfing, J., and Sorenson, E.. “Network Politics, Political Capital and Democracy.” International Journal of Public Administration 26 (2002): 609–34.Google Scholar

Trauner, F. EU Justice and Home Affairs Strategy in the Western Balkans: Conflicting Objectives in the Pre-Accession Strategy. Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies, 2007.Google Scholar

Truman, D. B. The Governmental Process: Political Interests and Public Opinion. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 1951.Google Scholar

Tsai, Kellee S. “Adaptive Informal Institutions and Endogenous Institutional Change in China.” World Politics 59, no. 1 (2006): 116–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tsebelis, G. “The Power of the European Parliament as a Conditional Agenda Setter.” American Political Science Review 88, no. 1 (1994): 128–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Uslaner, E. M. 2005. “The Bulging Pocket and the Rule of Law: Corruption, Inequality, and Trust.” Paper presented at “The Quality of Government: What It Is, How to Get It, Why It Matters” Conference, November 17–19, 2005, at the Quality of Government Institute, Göteborg University Sweden.Google Scholar

Van de Walle, S. “The State of the World's Bureaucracies.” Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 8, no. 4 (2006): 437–48.Google Scholar

Van de Walle, Steven. “Measuring Bureaucratic Quality in Governance Indicators.” Paper presented at the 8th Public Management Research Conference, Los Angeles, California, 2005.Google Scholar

van Schendelen, M. P. C. M. EU Committees as Influential Policymakers. London, UK: Ashgate, 1998.Google Scholar

van Schendelen, M. P. C. M. Machiavelli in Brussels: The Art of Lobbying the EU. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Vogel, D. Fluctuating Fortunes: The Political Power of Business in America. New York, NY: Basic Books, 1989.Google Scholar

Walker, W. and Gummett, P., “Britain and the European Armaments Market.” International Affairs 65, no. 3 (Summer 1989): 419–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Warleigh, A. “‘Europeanizing’ Civil Society: NGOs as Agents of Political Socialization.” Journal of Common Market Studies 39, no. 4 (2001): 619–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Warleigh, A. “The Hustle: Citizenship Practice, NGOs and ‘Policy Coalitions’ in the European Union – The Cases of Auto Oil, Drinking Water and Unit Pricing.” Journal of European Public Policy 7, no. 2 (2000): 229–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Watts, J. Immigration Policy and the Challenge of Globalization: Unions and Employers in Unlikely Alliance. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Weber, M. Economy and Society, translated by Roth, Guenther and Wittich, Claus. New York, NY: Bedminster Press (Originally published 1922), 1968/1978.Google Scholar

Weiss, L. The Myth of the Powerless State. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Weiss, L., and Hobson, J. M.. States and Economic Development: A Comparative Historical Analysis. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Wessels, B. “Contestation Potential of Interest Groups in the EU: Emergence, Structure, and Political Alliances.” In European Integration and Political Conflict, edited by Marks, G. and Steenbergen, M., 195–215. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wessels, B. “European Parliament and Interest Group.” In The European Parliament, the National Parliaments, and European Integration, edited by Katz, R. and Wessels, B., 107–28. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wessels, Wolfgang. “An Ever Closer Fusion? A Dynamic Macropolitical View on Integration Processes.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 35, no. 2 (1997): 267–99.Google Scholar

Wessels, Wolfgang. “Comitology: Fusion in Action. Politico-Administrative Trends in the EU System.” Journal of European Public Policy 5, no. 2 (1998): 209–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Williamson, O. E. “Visible and Invisible Governance.” The American Economic Review 842 (1994): 323–26.Google Scholar

Woll, C. “Lobbying in the European Union: From Sui Generis to a Comparative Perspective.” Journal of European Public Policy 133 (2006): 456–69.Google Scholar

Wonka, A., Baumgartner, F. R., Mahoney, C., and Berkhout, J.. “Measuring the Size and Scope of the EU Interest Group Population.” European Union Politics 11, no. 3 (2010): 463–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Yee, A. S. “Cross-National Concepts in Supranational Governance: State–Society Relations and EU Policy Making.” Governance 174 (2004): 487–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zakheim, D. Toward a Fortress Europe? Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, Nov. 2002.Google Scholar

Zegart, Amy B. Flawed by Design: The Evolution of the CIA, JCS, and NSC. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zysman, J. Governments, Markets, and Growth: Financial Systems and the Politics of Industrial Change. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1983.Google Scholar