from Part Three - Émigré and Subversive Polish Directors
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 April 2014
Krzysztof Zanussi's career spans four decades, with more than half of his films being made abroad, featuring reputable actors such as Scott Wilson, Robert Powell, Max von Sydow, Brigitte Fossey, Leslie Caron, and Valeria Golino. It was in the 1980s that Zanussi made the majority of his international coproductions, which on the whole have been badly received in Poland. It seems that the director's frequent commissions abroad contributed to the loss of audiences in his native country. Zanussi's coproductions constitute a rather complex subject. There are at least two ways of looking at them: from the point of view of their funding, distribution, and exhibition, or from the perspective of their themes and style in relation to the director's Polish work. The latter approach constitutes the guiding principle in this chapter. I wish to argue against a common view among many Polish critics that Zanussi's coproductions demonstrate a certain regression and lack of style in the director's oeuvre. On the basis of three particular titles—Imperative (West Germany/France, 1982), Bluebeard (West Germany/Switzerland, 1984), and Paradigm (West Germany/France/Italy, 1985)—I will argue first that, on the contrary, as an auteur Zanussi presents a certain continuity of themes and characters in his films made both in and outside of Poland. Second, I propose that some of these coproductions—and here Bluebeard is the most illustrative— offer a degree of formal innovation reminiscent of that present in some of Zanussi's best Polish films, especially Illumination (Iluminacja, 1973). Finally, I suggest that his foreign works are more sexually explicit than any of the films made in Poland.
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