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9 - Strength and deformation of planetary lithospheres

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 March 2010

By
David L. Kohlstedt  and
Stephen J. Mackwell
Edited by
Thomas R. Watters  and
Richard A. Schultz
David L. Kohlstedt
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
Stephen J. Mackwell
Affiliation:
Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston
Thomas R. Watters
Affiliation:
Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC
Richard A. Schultz
Affiliation:
University of Nevada, Reno
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Summary

Summary

Robotic missions to destinations throughout our solar system have illuminated in increasing detail evidence of past and present tectonics combined with manifestations of internal dynamics. Interpretation of observations, such as sustenance of high mountains on Venus for potentially hundreds of millions of years, formation of the grooved terrain on the surface of Ganymede, and tidally driven tectonics and volcanism on Io, requires the application of realistic constitutive equations describing the rheological properties for the materials that constitute the crusts and interiors of these planetary bodies. Appropriate flow laws can only be derived from careful experimental studies under conditions that may be reliably extrapolated to those believed to exist on and in the planetary body under consideration. In addition, knowledge of the appropriate rheological behavior may, coupled with measurements made from orbiting satellites, enable the determination of geophysical properties, such as heat flow, that are otherwise not quantifiable without an expensive surface mission. In this chapter, we review the current state of knowledge of the rheological properties of materials appropriate to understanding tectonic behavior and interior dynamics for the terrestrial planets as well as the major Jovian satellites. We then discuss the utility of experimentally constrained constitutive equations in understanding large-scale processes on Venus, Mars, Europa, Ganymede and Io.

Introduction

Historically, much of our understanding of the deformation behavior of planetary materials derives from experimental investigations undertaken to explore the mechanical properties of minerals and rocks as related to tectonic processes on our own planet, Earth.

Type
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Planetary Tectonics , pp. 397 - 456
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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