Book contents
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The maternal and placental origins of chronic disease
- 3 Pre- and periconceptual health and the HPA axis
- 4 Nutrition and preimplantation development
- 5 Maternofetal transport pathways during embryogenesis and organogenesis
- 6 Imprinted genes and placental growth
- 7 Genomic imprinting
- 8 Trophoblast invasion and uterine artery remodelling in primates
- 9 The role of the maternal immune response in fetal programming
- 10 Clinical causes and aspects of placental insufficiency
- 11 Uterine blood flow as a determinant of fetoplacental development
- 12 Placental amino acid transporters
- 13 The maternal circulation and placental shape
- 14 Glucocorticoids and placental programming
- 15 Clinical biomarkers of placental development
- 16 The placental roots of cardiovascular disease
- 17 Placental function and later risk of osteoporosis
- 18 Final general discussion
- 19 The placenta and developmental programming
- Index
2 - The maternal and placental origins of chronic disease
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 February 2011
Book contents
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The maternal and placental origins of chronic disease
- 3 Pre- and periconceptual health and the HPA axis
- 4 Nutrition and preimplantation development
- 5 Maternofetal transport pathways during embryogenesis and organogenesis
- 6 Imprinted genes and placental growth
- 7 Genomic imprinting
- 8 Trophoblast invasion and uterine artery remodelling in primates
- 9 The role of the maternal immune response in fetal programming
- 10 Clinical causes and aspects of placental insufficiency
- 11 Uterine blood flow as a determinant of fetoplacental development
- 12 Placental amino acid transporters
- 13 The maternal circulation and placental shape
- 14 Glucocorticoids and placental programming
- 15 Clinical biomarkers of placental development
- 16 The placental roots of cardiovascular disease
- 17 Placental function and later risk of osteoporosis
- 18 Final general discussion
- 19 The placenta and developmental programming
- Index
Summary
This chapter uses new epidemiological data to examine the role of materno-placental interactions in initiating chronic disease in the offspring. The size, weight and shape of the placenta are all subject to wide variations. Its size reflects its ability to transfer nutrients. In humans, placental growth responds to maternal influences. Maternal anemia and high maternal body mass index are associated with a high placental weight to birth weight ratio. The observations on hypertension established that the relation between placental size/shape and fetal programming depend on the mother. There are similar materno-placental interactions in the programming of coronary heart disease. Growth of the placental surface is polarized from the time of implantation. The human fetus may attempt to compensate for undernutrition by expansion of the placental surface along its minor axis. The maternal/ placental programming of chronic disease differs in boys and girls.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming , pp. 5 - 16Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010
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